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铱钽钛金属氧化物阳极的电化学特性 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用热分解方法在钛基体上制备铱钽钛金属氧化物阳极 ,用扫描电镜对阳极涂层显微形貌进行分析 ,通过强化电解寿命试验、开路电位测试、消耗率试验及循环伏安曲线研究了金属氧化物阳极的电化学性能 .SEM分析结果表明铱钽钛金属氧化物阳极涂层呈现多孔多裂纹形貌结构 .随阳极涂层组成不同 ,涂层显微形貌表现出很大差异 ,这种差异直接影响阳极电化学性能 .电化学性能试验结果表明铱钽钛金属氧化物阳极在酸性介质和海水中具有良好的电化学稳定性和电化学活性 .此外 ,铱钽钛金属氧化物阳极在海水中的消耗率很低 ,属于不溶性的阳极材料 ,作为外加电流阴极保护用辅助阳极具有广泛的应用前景 . 相似文献
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当今社会,电化学储能器件在人类的社会活动中变得越来越重要。电极材料作为电化学储能器件的核心部分,一直是人们研究的焦点。石墨炔是一种新型的二维平面结构的全碳材料,它宽的层间距、大的比表面积、独特的三维孔隙结构和好的导电性使其在能源存储器件电极材料应用中具有巨大的潜力。基于石墨炔温和的制备方法与独特的结构特征,本文详细介绍了近年来石墨炔在储能方面的理论分析和实验进展。通过研究锂/钠在单层、多层石墨炔上的迁移率和存储,理论分析石墨炔基电池具有很好的储锂储钠性能。实验方面,石墨炔作为电极材料在储钠储锂方面的容量与理论值相近。此外石墨炔作为电极材料成功应用于超级电容器和金属-硫电池,并表现出了优异的容量存储性能。石墨炔纳米形貌的调控、石墨炔的热处理,以及异原子的掺杂等均可以有效地提高石墨炔在这些储能器件中的性能。 相似文献
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混合金属氧化物阳极在海水中的电化学性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用热分解方法制备钛基混合金属氧化物阳极 ,用扫描电镜对阳极涂层显微形貌进行了分析 ,并通过实海模拟试验考察了混合金属氧化物阳极在海水阴极保护系统中的使用性能 .SEM分析结果表明 ,混合金属氧化物阳极涂层呈多孔多裂纹的显微结构 ,与其它阳极材料相比 ,此种阳极具有更大的活性表面积 .电化学试验结果表明 ,混合金属氧化物阳极在海水中具有良好的电化学稳定性和电化学活性 ;此外 ,混合金属氧化物阳极在海水中的消耗率很低 ,属于不溶性的阳极材料 ,作为外加电流阴极保护的辅助阳极具有广泛的应用前景 相似文献
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Davi Marcelo Soares Dr. Santanu Mukherjee Prof. Gurpreet Singh 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(29):6320-6341
Atomically thin sheets of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted interest as high capacity electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their unique properties (high surface area, high strength and modulus, faster ion diffusion, and so on), which arise from their layered morphology and diversified chemistry. Nevertheless, low electronic conductivity, poor cycling stability, large structural changes during metal-ion insertion/extraction along with high cost of manufacture are challenges that require further research in order for TMDs to find use in commercial batteries and supercapacitors. Here, a systematic review of cutting-edge research focused on TMD materials beyond the widely studied molybdenum disulfide or MoS2 electrode is reported. Accordingly, a critical overview of the recent progress concerning synthesis methods, physicochemical and electrochemical properties is given. Trends and opportunities that may contribute to state-of-the-art research are also discussed. 相似文献
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木质素可再生资源成本低、含碳量高、芳香度高和易集中收集,被认为是具备潜力大规模工业化制备新型多孔碳材料的重要碳质原料之一,对缓解化石资源消耗及可持续发展具有重大的意义。多孔碳材料具有较高的电导率、较高的比表面积、丰富的孔道结构及良好的稳定性等特点,作为储能材料有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了模板法、活化法及水热法制备木质素多孔碳材料的国内外最新研究进展,详细总结了不同热解工艺参数对木质素多孔碳材料微观结构的影响规律,重点阐述了其作为锂离子电池、钠离子电池和超级电容器电极材料的研究进展。针对功能化木质素多孔碳材料制备工艺复杂及储能性能差等瓶颈问题,提出离子/电子扩散动力学的优化、多种储能机制的协同作用和绿色、简便制备工艺的开发等研究策略,指出研发先进炭化技术构筑合理分级孔径结构,精准调控适宜层间距且高度有序排列碳层、功能化改性表面微环境及直接构建炭化工艺参数与电化学性能之间的因效关系是制备高储能性能木质素多孔碳材料的未来研究方向。 相似文献
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Nataliya N. Yazvinskaya Mikhail S. Lipkin Nikolay E. Galushkin Dmitriy N. Galushkin 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(3)
This paper has experimentally proved that hydrogen accumulates in large quantities in metal-ceramic and pocket electrodes of alkaline batteries during their operation. Hydrogen accumulates in the electrodes in an atomic form. After the release of hydrogen from the electrodes, a powerful exothermic reaction of atomic hydrogen recombination with a large energy release occurs. This exothermic reaction is the cause of thermal runaway in alkaline batteries. For the KSL-15 battery, the gravimetric capacity of sintered nickel matrix of the oxide-nickel electrode, as hydrogen storage, is 20.2 wt%, and cadmium electrode is 11.5 wt%. The stored energy density in the metal-ceramic matrix of the oxide-nickel electrode of the battery KSL-15 is 44 kJ/g, and in the cadmium electrode it is 25 kJ/g. The similar values for the KPL-14 battery are as follows. The gravimetric capacity of the active substance of the pocket oxide-nickel electrode, as a hydrogen storage, is 22 wt%, and the cadmium electrode is 16.9 wt%. The density of the stored energy in the active substance oxide-nickel electrode is 48 kJ/g, and in the active substance of the cadmium electrode it is 36.8 kJ/g. The obtained results of the accumulation of hydrogen energy in the electrodes by the electrochemical method are three times higher than any previously obtained results using the traditional thermochemical method. 相似文献
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储能是能源、信息、交通、医疗、航空航天、先进制造、先进装备、国家安全等领域的关键支撑技术. 电化学储能技术应用广泛,不断发展. 本文小结了电化学储能技术中的储能原理、技术指标、技术成熟度. 从基础科学的角度,主要以锂离子电池为例,简述了电化学储能器件中非传统电化学问题,包括热力学、动力学、尺寸效应、非对称体系、非对称充放电反应路径、表面现象、混合离子输运、固态电池等. 最后,对未来的电化学储能技术的发展提出了个人的理解. 相似文献
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Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), with their low cost and the abundant K reserves, have been promising candidates for energy storage and conversion. Among all anode materials for PIBs, metal sulfides (MSs) show superiority owing to their high theoretical capacity and variety of material species. Nevertheless, the battery performance of MSs is hindered by many factors such as poor conductivity, low ion diffusivity, sluggish interfacial/surface transfer kinetics, and drastic volume changes. In this review, the electrochemical reaction mechanisms, challenges, and synthesis methods of MSs for PIBs are summarized and discussed. In particular, the most common synthesis methods of MSs for PIBs are highlighted, including template synthesis, hydro/solvothermal synthesis, solid-phase chemical synthesis, electrospinning synthesis, and ion-exchange synthesis. During the potassium storage process, the two-dimensional layered MSs follow the intercalation/extraction mechanism, and the MSs with inactive metal undergo the conversion reaction, whereas the metal-active MSs follow the conversion-alloying reaction mechanism. Given the inherent properties of MSs and the reactions they undergo during cycling, when used as anodes for PIBs, such materials experience a series of problems, including poor ion-/electron-transport kinetics, structural instability, and loss of active material caused by the dissolution of discharged polysulfide products and the occurrence of side reactions. These problems can be solved by optimizing the methods for synthesizing MSs with an ideal composition and structure. The template method can precisely prepare porous or hollow-structured materials, the hydro/solvothermal method can alter the thickness or size of the material by adjusting certain synthesis parameters, and the one-dimensional-structured material obtained via electrospinning often has a large specific surface area, all of which can shorten the transport pathway for potassium ions, thereby improving the performance of the battery. The ion-exchange method affords difficult-to-synthesize MSs via anion- or cation-exchange, in which the product inherits the structure of the starting material. The solid-phase synthesis method makes it possible to combine MSs with other materials. Combinations with materials such as carbon or other MSs helps to provide sufficient buffer space for the volume expansion of MSs during cycling, while promoting electron transport and improving the potassium-storage properties of the anodes. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the current defects of MS anodes and explore the construction of their ideal architecture for high-performance PIBs by optimizing the synthesis methods. Ultimately, we propose the possible future advancement of MSs for PIBs.
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钾离子电池由于其低成本和丰富的钾矿产资源,在能量存储和转化领域极具应用潜力。金属硫化物理论容量高且材料种类丰富,在众多钾离子电池负极材料中表现突出。然而,金属硫化物存在的缺点,如导电性差、离子扩散率低、界面/表面传输动力学缓慢等,限制了其在储钾过程中的性能表现。在这篇综述中,我们系统的讨论和总结了金属硫化物作为钾离子电池负极的电化学反应机制、所面临的挑战和合成方法。其中,重点讨论了其常见的合成方法,包括模板法、溶剂热/水热法、固相反应法、静电纺丝法和离子交换法。这篇综述意在通过优化合成策略设计合成理想的组分和结构,来解决钾电负极材料存在的问题,最终得到高性能的钾离子电池负极材料。最后我们还对基于金属硫化物的钾离子电池负极的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Jiayong Tang Dr. Xia Huang Dr. Tengfei Qiu Xiyue Peng Dr. Tingting Wu Prof. Lei Wang Dr. Bin Luo Prof. Lianzhou Wang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(6):1921-1940
The increasing demand for high-performance rechargeable energy storage systems has stimulated the exploration of advanced electrode materials. MXenes are a class of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic transition metal carbides/nitrides, which are promising candidates in electrodes. The layered structure facilitates ion insertion/extraction, which offers promising electrochemical characteristics for electrochemical energy storage. However, the low capacity accompanied by sluggish electrochemical kinetics of electrodes as well as interlayer restacking and collapse significantly impede their practical applications. Recently, interlayer space engineering of MXenes by different chemical strategies have been widely investigated in designing functional materials for various applications. In this review, an overview of the most recent progress of 2D MXenes engineering by intercalation, surface modification as well as heterostructures design is provided. Moreover, some critical challenges in future research on MXene-based electrodes have been also proposed. 相似文献
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Climate change and the energy crisis have promoted the rapid development of electrochemical energy‐storage devices. Owing to many intriguing physicochemical properties, such as excellent chemical stability, high electronic conductivity, and a large specific surface area, porous carbon materials have always been considering as a promising candidate for electrochemical energy storage. To date, a wide variety of porous carbon materials based upon molecular design, pore control, and compositional tailoring have been proposed for energy‐storage applications. This focus review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of various porous carbon materials from the view of energy storage, particularly in the past three years. Their applications in representative electrochemical energy‐storage devices, such as lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion hybrid capacitors, are discussed in this review, with a look forward to offer some inspiration and guidelines for the exploitation of advanced carbon‐based energy‐storage materials. 相似文献
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Three‐Dimensional Architectures Constructed from Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion 下载免费PDF全文
Qinbai Yun Dr. Qipeng Lu Dr. Xiao Zhang Dr. Chaoliang Tan Prof. Hua Zhang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(3):626-646
Transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their unique properties and promising applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. However, the limited number of active sites as well as blocked ion and mass transport severely impair their electrochemical performance. The construction of three‐dimensional (3D) architectures from TMD nanomaterials has been proven to be an effective strategy to solve the aforementioned problems as a result of their large specific surface areas and short ion and mass transport distances. This Review summarizes the commonly used routes to build 3D TMD architectures and highlights their applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, including batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The challenges and outlook in this research area are also discussed. 相似文献
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With the increased energy demand,developing renewable and clean energy technologies becomes more and more significant to mitigate climate warming and alleviate the environmental pollution.The key point is design and synthesis of low cost and efficient materials for a wide variety of electrochemical reactions.Over the past ten years,two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials that graphene represents have been paid much attention as a class of the most promising candidates for heterogeneous electrocatalysts in electrochemical storage and conversion.Their unique properties,such as good chemical stability,good flexibility,and good electronic properties,along with their nanosized thickness and large specific area,make them exhibit comprehensively good performances for energy storage and conversion.Here,we present an overview on the recent advances in electrochemical applications of graphene,graphdiyne,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),and MXenes for supercapacitors(SCs),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). 相似文献
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High-energy-density batteries are in urgent need to solve the ever-increasing energy storage demand for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable solar and wind energy systems. Alkali metals, typically lithium(Li), sodium(Na) and potassium(K), are considered as the promising anode materials owing to their low electrochemical potential, low density, and high theoretical gravimetric capacities. However, the problem of dendrite growth of alkali metals during their plating/stripping process will lead to low Coulombic efficiencies, a short lifespan and huge volume expansion, eventually hindering their practical commercialization. To resolve this issue, a very effective approach is engineering the anodes on structured current collectors. This review summarizes the development of the alkali metal batteries and discusses the recent advances in rational design of anode current collectors. First, the challenges and strategies of suppressing alkali-metal dendrite growth are presented. Then the special attention is paid to the novel current collector design for dendrite-free alkali metal anodes. Finally, we give conclusions and perspective on the current challenges and future research directions toward advanced anode current collectors for alkali metal batteries. 相似文献
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本文从作者所在的课题组在超级电容器和超级电容电池方向的研究内容为基础,在电极材料和装置层面综述了电容性电化学储能装置的发展. 导电聚合物和过渡金属氧化物分别与碳纳米管复合后的复合物能显著提高前两者作为电容性法拉第储能电极的电容性能. 活性炭和碳黑等一类碳材料则可作为非法拉第储能的电极材料. 通过对超级电容器正负极电容做相应的匹配调整可以提高超级电容器的最大充电电压,从而提高超级电容器的能量容量. 此外,为了与实际设备相匹配,超级电容可以以双极板的方式串联堆积,满足高电压的需求. 超级电容电池作为新一代的电容性电化学储能装置,分别由具有电容性和法拉第电荷储存原理的电极组成,具有高比功率和高比能量的特点,也是近年来的研究热点. 相似文献