块体金属玻璃

在2013年2月出版的Physics Today杂志上刊登了耶鲁大学Jan Schroers教授撰写的题为《块体金属玻璃》的文章,重点介绍了块体金属玻璃优异的类似塑料一样的加工变形能力,并且对未来金属玻璃材料的研究和应用进行了展望. 制备一块金属玻璃就像与一个热力学的时钟赛跑一样.当金属液体冷却到熔点TM以下时,这个时钟开始活动.     

探索塑性金属玻璃

缺乏室温宏观塑性是限制金属玻璃应用,制约金属玻璃形变机理研究的主要障碍,因此探索具有室温宏观塑性的金属玻璃材料成为金属玻璃研究领域的热点.文章首先介绍了作者为提高金属玻璃室温塑性所采用的三种在实践中可行的方法,然后根据金属玻璃的弹性模量(泊松比)与塑性的关系,报道了作者在设计大塑性金属玻璃材料方面的最新进展.     

LaGa-based bulk metallic glasses

We report the formation of La Ga-based bulk metallic glasses. Ternary La–Ga–Cu glassy rods of 2–3 mm in diameter can be easily formed in a wide composition range by the conventional copper mold casting method. With minor addition of extra elements such as Co, Ni, Fe, Nb, Y, and Zr, the critical diameter of the full glassy rods of the La–Ga–Cu matrix can be markedly enhanced to at least 5 mm. The characteristics and properties of these new La Ga-based bulk metallic glasses with excellent glass formation ability and low glass transition temperature are model systems for fundamental issues investigation and could have some potential applications in micromachining field.     

探索塑性金属玻璃

缺乏室温宏观塑性是限制金属玻璃应用,制约金属玻璃形变机理研究的主要障碍,因此探索具有室温宏观塑性的金属玻璃材料成为金属玻璃研究领域的热点.文章首先介绍了作者为提高金属玻璃室温塑性所采用的三种在实践中可行的方法,然后根据金属玻璃的弹性模量（泊松比）与塑性的关系,报道了作者在设计大塑性金属玻璃材料方面的最新进展.     

金属玻璃的稳定性

玻璃态材料自诞生以来一直受到自身稳定性的困扰。为了保障玻璃的服役安全性,人们一直努力提高玻璃的耐久性和稳定性。玻璃能否经年累月地保持长期稳定？影响其稳定性的物理机制和根源是什么？这些都是非晶态物理领域长期关注的重要难题。根据以往对非晶合金稳定性的研究结果,文章将简单介绍玻璃亚稳性的起源,然后介绍玻璃如何能够保持长期稳定,如何提高玻璃的热力学和动力学稳定性以制备出超稳玻璃,最后介绍影响玻璃稳定性的材料因素,用于指导有效地获得高稳定性玻璃。对玻璃稳定性的认识和理解,既能够保障玻璃材料服役过程中的安全性,又对认识过冷液体和玻璃转变等基本物理问题非常关键。     

Microstructure of fragile metallic glasses inferred from ultrasound-accelerated crystallization in Pd-based metallic glasses

By utilizing ultrasonic annealing at a temperature below (or near) the glass transition temperature Tg, we revealed a microstructural pattern of a partially crystallized Pd-based metallic glass with a high-resolution electron microscopy. On the basis of the observed microstructure, we inferred a plausible microstructural model of fragile metallic glasses composed of strongly bonded regions surrounded by weakly bonded regions (WBRs). The crystallization in WBRs at such a low temperature under the ultrasonic vibrations is caused by accumulation of atomic jumps associated with the beta relaxation being resonant with the ultrasonic strains. This microstructural model successfully illustrates a marked increase of elasticity after crystallization with a small density change and a correlation between the fragility of the liquid and the Poisson ratio of the solid.     

Magnetism and structure of metallic glasses

Hyperfine Interactions - Metallic glasses are a rather new class of materials. They offer exciting possibilities for finding new materials with combinations of properties unknown for crystalline...     

Ni-based Ni-Fe-B-Si-Ta bulk metallic glasses

The glass-forming ability and properties of Ni-based Ni-Fe-B-Si-Ta bulk metallic glasses are explored in this work. The alloy compositions are determined by using a combination of the cluster line approach, the multi-alloying strategy and the substitutions of similar elements. Bulk metallic glasses with diameters of 3 mm take shape at compositions formulated under the clus- ter-plus-glue-atom model [M9B]B~[(Ni1-xFex)7.71(Si0.66Ta0.34)1.29B]B0.94=(Ni1-xFex)70.5B17.7Si7.8Ta4, x=0.35–0.45, where the bracketed part is the cluster and the unbracketed part is the glue atoms. These alloys exhibit good magnetic properties. The maximum Is is found in the (Ni0.55Fe0.45)70.5B17.7Si7.8Ta4 alloy which reaches 0.51 T, with its Hc as low as 8.5 A/m. Interestingly, these alloys display dual glass transitions at (Ni0.65Fe0.35)70.5B17.7Si7.8Ta4, (Ni0.60Fe0.4)70.5B17.7Si7.8Ta4 and (Ni0.55Fe0.45)70.5B17.7- Si7.8Ta4 as unveiled by Temperature-Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry.     

非晶合金的离子辐照效应

非晶合金作为一种快速凝固形成的新型合金材料,引起了材料研究者的极大兴趣.微观结构上长程无序、短程有序的特征使其具有独特的物理、化学和力学性能,在许多领域展现出良好的应用前景,尤其是有望成为核反应堆、航空航天等强辐照环境下的备选结构材料.本文深入探讨非晶合金的辐照效应,主要讨论离子辐照对非晶合金微观结构、宏观力学性能以及其他物理化学性能的影响,可为进一步理解非晶合金的微观结构和宏观力学性能之间的关系提供有效的实验和理论基础,也可为非晶合金在强辐照环境下的服役性能预测提供实验依据,对推进非晶合金这一先进材料的工程化应用具有重要的理论与实际意义.     

纳米结构非晶合金材料研究进展

迄今为止,人类社会新技术的发展主要是基于各种晶体材料(如金属、半导体等)的应用.晶体材料的性能可以通过改变它们的微观缺陷结构和/或微观化学结构来调控,但这对于当前的非晶材料而言却是难以实现的.新型的纳米结构非晶材料可以通过引入大量的非晶/非晶界面来改变非晶材料的微观缺陷结构和/或微观化学结构,从而实现对其性能的调控.本文主要讨论了目前纳米结构非晶合金材料的研究进展,包括其制备方法、结构特征和新性能.通过利用这些新特性,有可能会开启一个基于非晶材料的新技术时代.     

Itinerant magnetism in metallic glasses

It is argued that when a ferromagnetic transition metal T (e.g. Fe) is mixed with a metalloid M to form a metallic glass (having a narrow band of conduction electrons) the competing effects of the 3-d intra-atomic Coulomb repulsion and of the interaction between conduction and d-electrons make the magnetic moment of T-atoms to vanish when the concentration x of T-atoms is smaller than a critical concentration x_c. Experimental data for the magnetic moment of iron atoms in Fe_xB_1-x is analyzed along this line and a satisfactory fit is obtained. Inclusion of structural as well as compositional disorder effects could result in a better agreement between theory and experiment.     

Elastic heterogeneity in metallic glasses

When a stress is applied on a metallic glass it deforms following Hook's law. Therefore it may appear obvious that a metallic glass deforms elastically. Using x-ray diffraction and anisotropic pair-density function analysis we show that only about 3/4 in volume fraction of metallic glasses deforms elastically, whereas the rest of the volume is anelastic and in the experimental time scale deform without resistance. We suggest that this anelastic portion represents residual liquidity in the glassy state. Many theories, such as the free-volume theory, assume the density of defects in the glassy state to be of the order of 1%, but this result shows that it is as much as a quarter.     

Developing aluminum-based bulk metallic glasses

This paper details a systematic investigation of the formation of Al-based bulk metallic glasses, expanding on an earlier brief report [Scripta Mater. 61 (2009) p.423]. We discuss an approach for designing and predicting the best glass-forming composition in the Al–TM–RE systems, based on the atomic cluster packing model for the internal structure of the glass. The effects of additional elements in quaternary and quinary systems on the glass-forming ability and thermal stability of the glasses are also discussed. Three new compositions, Al₈₆Ni₆Y_4.5Co₂La_1.5, Al₈₆Ni₇Y₅Co₁La₁ and Al₈₆Ni₇Y_4.5Co₁La_1.5, are capable of forming fully glassy rods of 1 mm in diameter; their glass transition and other thermal properties are systematically characterized.     

High-frequency dynamics in metallic glasses

Using inelastic x-ray scattering we studied the collective dynamics of the glassy alloy Ni33Zr67 in the first pseudo-Brillouin-zone, an energy-momentum region still unexplored in metallic glasses. We determine key properties such as the momentum transfer dependence of the sound velocity and of the acoustic damping, discussing the results in the general context of recently proposed pictures for acoustic dynamics in glasses. Specifically, we demonstrate the existence in this strong glass of well defined (in the Ioffe-Regel sense) acoustic-like excitations well above the boson peak energy.     

Preferred clusters in metallic glasses

In this work,we present a feasible scheme based on framework of the sophisticated Voronoi tessellation method in order to evaluate what clusters should be preferred for building blocks in any given metallic glass,by analysing the fivefold-symmetry axes as well as the degree of structural regularity in various clusters.This scheme is well proved by a group of experiments and calculations,which may have broad implications for exploration of obtaining explicit and proper structural pictures,and understanding the structural origin of the unique properties and glass forming ability in these novel amorphous alloys.     

Optical properties of metallic glasses

Optical reflection spectra of metallic glasses (Pd₈₁Si₁₉ and Pd₈₄Si₁₆) were measured in the spectral range 0.03 to 12 eV and the optical constants were determined by Kramers-Kronig analysis. The experimental reflectivity spectra of glassy Pd₁₈Si₁₉ are similar to the one obtained for Au₈₁Si₁₉ prepared by getter sputtering in argon. However, the energy ranges where intra- and interband optical transitions occur are quite different for the two alloys.     

Thermopower of iron-boron metallic glasses

The thermopower of Fe-B metallic glasses has been measured from 300 K to 800 K. The thermopower is negative over the entire temperature range and the temperature dependence varies for various boron concentrations. The effects of crystallization processes and of possible spin dependent scattering process on the temperature dependence of the thermopower are discussed.The author expresses her thanks to P. Duhaj for the preparation of the samples and to P. Mrafko for the computer data processing.     

Magnetostriction of ferromagnetic metallic glasses

Linear saturation magnetostrictions (295 K) of Fe_80t-xCo_xB₂₀, 0?x?80, and Fe_80?xNi_xB₂₀, 0?x?60 (at. %) glasses are reported. The saturation magnetostrictions of the Fe-Ni-base glasses vary as the sqaure of their respective saturation magnetizations. The behavior in the Fe-Co-base glasses is strikingly different. The compositional trends suggest a difference in origin of magnetostrictions between Fe-Ni-base and Co-containing glasses. When magnetostrictions for these glasses are compared with those for Fe-Co and Fe-Ni polycrystalline alloys, the most significant discrepancies appear in the Fe-rich compositions. This is probably related to the difference in short range order between the crystalline and non-crystalline Fe-rich alloys: α-Fe is 8-fold coordinated whereas all of the metallic glasses studied show ～ 12-fold metal coordination.