在空间微重力条件下斑头雁血红蛋白晶体生长

为获得高质量的斑头雁血红蛋白晶体,在我国返回式卫星FSW-2上进行了两次蛋白质晶体生长实验。首次在1992年实验中生长出了小晶体;在进一步改进样品准备和精化结晶条件基础上,在1994年第2次实验中获得了适合于X射线分析的晶体。经收集X射线衍射数据和统计分析表明,空间微重力条件有利长出优于地面对照组的晶体,其衍射分辨率比地面高约0.06nm。在相同的晶体生长条件下,空间易生长出正交晶系的、c轴方向周期较长的血红蛋白晶体。     

Room-temperature ferro-magnetic semiconductor MnxGa1-xSb

Magnetic semiconductors can combine the semi- conducting properties with magnetic properties, and be used in these applications, such as magnetic field sensors, magnetic memory elements and, in long range, quantum computation and communication.Ⅱ-Ⅵ based diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have been extensively studied[1—3], because some magnetic ions are easily incor-porated into Ⅱ-Ⅵ compounds by substituting group Ⅱ atoms. It was conventionally considered that the equilib-rium solubi…     

界面动力学对微重力下溶液法晶体生长的生长界面和溶解界面稳定性的影响

用一个二维的数学模型研究微重力条件下溶液法晶体生长的晶体生长界面和溶解界面的稳定性以及界面动力学对界面稳定性的影响.研究表明,不管是否考虑界面动力学效应都存在稳定的晶体生长界面和溶解界面,其形状都是上部适当后倾的适当形状的曲面.计算了在各种情况下晶体生长稳定界面和溶解稳定界面的形状.界面动力学使晶体生长稳定界面的倾斜度变小,使溶解稳定界面的倾斜度略微变小.     

InxGa1-xN/GaN应变量子点中激子的结合能

利用有效质量方法和变分原理，考虑内建电场效应和量子点的三维约束效应，研究了InxGa1-xN／GaN应变量子点中的激子结合能随量子点结构参数和量子点中In含量x的变化规律．结果表明，随着量子点高度L和半径R的增加，结合能降低，随着量子点中In含量的增加，激子的结合能增大．对给定体积的量子点，激子结合能存在一最大值，此时电子、空穴被最有效的约束在量子点内．对不同体积的量子点，最大值的位置在量子点高度L=1．7nm附近取得.     

基于反射光谱的InxGa1-xN半导体薄膜厚度测量

氮化镓薄膜是制造蓝紫光光电子器件的理想半导体材料之一。三元合金InGaN薄膜是优良的全光谱材料而且不同In组分的InGaN薄膜叠层可用于研制高效率薄膜太阳电池。精确测量InGaN薄膜的厚度有利于研制高效率的光伏器件。本文利用分光光度计实验研究了蓝宝石衬底金属有机物化学气相沉积（MOCVD）技术生长的铟镓氮（InGaN）半导体薄膜的反射光谱。基于薄膜干涉原理,计算分析了InxGa1-xN薄膜的厚度;结果发现利用反射光谱中不同波峰、波谷确定的薄膜厚度相对偏差度的平均值为4．42％。结果表明用反射光谱的方法测量InxGa1-xN薄膜的厚度是可行的。     

相对论热力学的微重力特征

从物理空间环境角度分析了纵贯２０世纪的相对论温度变换之争．首先发现相对论热力学系统具有微重力环境的特征．然后由此给出相对论热力学量变换的一个判别性实验设计．     

空间微重力环境中的晶体生长研究进展

 随着信息技术和生物技术的发展, 人们对于结构完整、性能完美的高品质光电子晶体和蛋白质晶体的需求愈加迫切。地面重力条件下存在自然对流,它显著地影响热量和溶质的输运过程以及晶体/溶液界面边界层特性,进而影响晶体的品质和性能。空间微重力环境提供了纯扩散晶体生长的理想条件,在此条件下有可能生长出高性能的单晶体。在过去30多年的微重力实验中,科学家通过搭载卫星、飞船和空间站等航天器,开展了一系列空间晶体生长研究。本文综述几种主要晶体的实验研究进展,内容包括：半导体晶体、特殊功能晶体、非线性光学晶体、蛋白质晶体和食盐晶体。     

Parameter-Dependent Third-Order Susceptibility of InxGa1-xN/GaN Parabolic Quantum Dots

The electron states confined in wurtzite InxGa1-xN/GaN strained quantum dots （QDs） have been investigated in the effective -mass approximation by solving the Schrtdinger equation, in which parabolic confined potential and strong built-in electric field effect （due to the piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization） have been taken into account. The real part Rex^（3）（0,0,ω） and the imaginary part Imx^（3）（0,0,ω） of the third-order susceptibil- ity describe quadratic electro-optic effects and electro-absorption process of the QDs respectively. And both of them have been calculated in directions parallel and vertical to z axis. Furthermore, the study shows Rex^（3）（0,0,ω） and Imx^（3）（0,0,ω） increase under resonant conditions with the QDs＇ radius and height increase, and the same results occur when the content increase. In addition, the resonant position shift to the lower energy region when the parabolic frequencies increase.     

微重力下单晶硅生长中热毛细对流的控制研究

在微重力条件下用浮区结晶法生长半导体单晶硅独具优势，但自由界面的温度梯度所诱发的热毛细对流对晶体质量的影响却更为突出。文中提出一种抑制热毛细对流的新方法-表面截割法，即通过适当改变自由表面的状况业抑制热毛细对流；在建立了半浮区（液桥）热毛细对流的数学模型的基础上，利用有限元法对不同截割方式下的流场、温度场做了数值模拟分析。结果表明，表面截割对浮区内的热毛细对流有很好的抑制作用，适当增加截割次数，可使热毛细对流削弱70%以上。     

微重力条件下三维瞬态传热过程的数值分析

研究了微重力条件下固体表面受到外界热辐射作用时的三维瞬态传热过程。气相采用六通量辐射传热模型，通过求解三维非稳态的Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程得到气相流场。固相给出了半无限大固体受到热辐射作用时的表面温度精确解。数值计算时，两相进行耦合迭代求解，结果表明，微重力大小对传热和流动过程有显著影响，它决定着热膨胀、自然对流和强迫流动三者对传热过程影响的相对大小。     

Influence of microgravity on protein crystal structures

Structural determination and comparison of microgravity and ground grown protein crystals have been carried out in order to investigate the effect of microgravity on the structure of protein crystals. Following the structural studies on the hen egg-white lysozyme cystals grown in space and on the ground, the same kind of comparative studies was performed with acidic phospholipase A₂ crystals grown in different gravities. Based on the results obtained so far, a conclusion could be made that microgravity might not be strong enough to change the conformation of polypeptide chain of proteins, but it may improve the bound waters’ structure, and this might be an important factor for microgravity to improve the protein crystal quality. In addition, the difference in the improvement between the two kinds of protein crystals may imply that the degree of improvement of a protein crystal in microgravity may be related to the solvent content in the protein crystal.     

Effects of simulated microgravity on the cell growth and extracellular matrix of cultured chondrocytes

The effects of simulated microgravity on cell growth and extracellular matrix of chondrocytes have been examined by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope using cultured chicken embryonic chondrocytes as the model. No notable difference of the cell density between the rotation group and the control group has been found. But during the same period, the growth spots of the rotation group were sparser than those of the control group. These results indicated that the lower level of cell development and differentiation happened in the rotation group. Observation by the scanning electron microscope showed that the extracellualr matrix decreased after rotating, and the fibres in the extracellular matrix were slighter and blurrier than those of the control group. It is concluded that the simulated microgravity can affect the secreting and assembly of the extracellular matrix. The possible mechanism for them is discussed. Li Xiaobing made the same contribution to this work as the first author     

Lateral growth of silicalite-1 crystal membrane on glass slabs

Conclusions By the control of hydrothermal synthesis, lateral-oriented silicalite-1 membrane was synthesized on a glass slab, which posseses uniform aligned nano-channels in a large scale and results in a new host material for the study host-guest science.     

Effects of impurities on growth habit of KDP crystal

The effects of metaphosphate, boric acid and quaternary ammonium cations with different concentration on the growth habit of KDP crystal are reported. The results are analyzed and discussed, which show that the effects of different impurities on the growth habit of KDP are not the same. It is due to the different adsorption mechanism of the impurities.     

微重力科学前沿

微重力科学是空间科学重要的组成部分,其前沿课题在一定程度上反映了人类认识自然的能力以及各国在该领域的研究状态。在微重力这种极端的物理条件下,孕育着物理、化学过程及材料制备中新现象、新规律的发现,以及在更高精度下实现对基本物理规律的检验与验证。本文介绍国内外微重力科学近年最重要的研究进展,并对其进行研判。     

Two-dimensional investigation of forced bubble oscillation under microgravity

Recent referential studies of fluid interfaces subjected to small vibration under microgravity conditions are reviewed. An experimental investigation was carried out aboard the American Space Shuttle Discovery. Two-dimensional (2-D) modeling and simulation were conducted to further understand the experimental results. The oscillation of a bubble in fluid under surface tension is governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The SIMPLEC algorithm was used to solve the partial differential equations on an Eulerian mesh in a 2-D coordinate. Free surfaces were represented with the volume of fluid (VOF) obtained by solving a kinematic equation. Surface tension was modeled via a continuous surface force (CSF) algorithm that ensures robustness and accuracy. A new surface reconstruction scheme, alternative phase integration (API) scheme, was adopted to solve the kinematic equation, and was compared with referential schemes. Numerical computations were conducted to simulate the transient behavior of an oscillating gas bubble in mineral oil under different conditions. The bubble positions and shapes under different external vibrations were obtained numerically. The computed bubble oscillation amplitudes were compared with experimental data.     

微重力环境及地基的高温熔体润湿特性

经典材料表面与界面的一些实验现象被重力效应覆盖,影响人们对材料本质物理特性的深入了解.因此,微重力对熔体的润湿行为和固/液界面反应的作用机理研究具有重要的意义.本文综合前人对高温熔体特别是高温锡基合金的润湿行为及与基板间的界面反应特性的研究,通过与微重力条件下相关研究及实验结果对比,总结了卫星微重力环境及地基环境下的高温熔体润湿特性,为以后的空间实验及分析提供理论参考.