基于环糊精二聚体与金刚烷修饰的温敏性聚合物的主客体识别构筑超分子水凝胶

利用环糊精二聚体(trans-Stilbene β-CD Dimer)与金刚烷修饰的温敏性聚合物(Pnipam-Ad)的主客体识别作用构筑了超分子水凝胶. 2D NMR 测定结果表明trans-Stilbene β-CD Dimer 和Pnipam-Ad 的主客体相互作用是通过β-CD 空腔和疏水体Ad 形成包结络合物进行的. 环糊精二聚体trans-Stilbene β-CD Dimer 和聚合物Pnipam-Ad 两者之间的缔合程度受trans-Stilbene β-CD Dimer 和Pnipam-Ad 的浓度以及trans-Stilbene β-CD Dimer 光异构的影响. 此外, 由于trans-Stilbene β-CD Dimer 对Pnipam-Ad 聚合物链的物理交联作用使两者混合溶液的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)低于纯聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(Pnipam)的LCST.     

含两个识别点的侧链准聚轮烷的制备

合成了侧链含烷基链(C₇)及偶氮基团(Azo)两个疏水基团修饰的聚合物4,并基于环糊精与两个疏水基团C₇、Azo的不同结合能力,制备了含两个识别点的侧链准聚轮烷.首先,在聚合物4的溶液中加入α-环糊精(α-CD),α-CD分别包结在C₇及Azo部分,得到了侧链准聚轮烷;第二步,在365 nm的紫外光光照下,聚合物4侧链端基的trans-Azo异构为cis-Azo,α-CD从Azo部分解离,但α-CD仍包结在C₇部分,得到了侧链聚轮烷;第三步,在侧链聚轮烷溶液中加入β-环糊精(β-CD),β-CD包结在cis-Azo部分,得到了α-CD、β-CD分别包结两个疏水识别点的侧链准聚轮烷.     

基于高分子侧链主客体识别构筑光响应超分子水凝胶

制备了侧链含α-环糊精(α-CD)的聚丙烯酸(PAA-α-CD)作为主体聚合物,侧链含偶氮基团(Azo)的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM-Azo)作为客体聚合物.利用1H NMR、2D NOESY NMR方法测定了PAA-α-CD与PAM-Azo间的主客体作用.结果表明,PAM-Azo侧链的trans-Azo基团能够被PAA-α-CD侧链的α-CD包结,而cis-Azo基团不能被α-CD包结.在一定浓度下,PAA-α-CD与PAM-Azo通过主客体间的识别能够形成超分子水凝胶,并且该凝胶具有光响应性.在365nm紫外光光照下,PAM-Azo侧链的trans-Azo转变为cis-Azo,不能被PAA-α-CD侧链的α-CD包结,超分子水凝胶转变为溶胶.而在430nm的可见光光照下,PAM-Azo侧链的cis-Azo转变为trans-Azo,重新被PAA-α-CD侧链的α-CD包结,又可得到超分子水凝胶.     

基于环糊精二聚体与紫精聚合物的包结作用制备超分子水凝胶

制备了对苯二甲酸连接的环糊精二聚体(α,α-CD Dimer)及紫精聚合物(VP), 利用α,α-CD Dimer与VP之间的主客体识别作用构筑了一种超分子水凝胶. ¹H NMR测定结果表明α,α-CD Dimer和VP的主客体相互作用是通过α-CD空腔和VP形成包结络合物进行的. 环糊精二聚体α,α-CD Dimer和聚合物VP凝胶体系的构筑受环糊精二聚体类型的影响, 同时该超分子水凝胶对有竞争作用的客体分子表现出响应性, 该超分子水凝胶在竞争性客体分子存在的条件下, 可发生小分子诱导的凝胶与溶胶转化行为. 此外, 该凝胶体系还具有良好的热稳定性.     

氧化还原响应性长链超分子超支化聚合物的构筑及药物控释研究

首先合成了一种同时含有端巯基、端炔基且具有β-环糊精(β-CD)/二茂铁(Fc)超分子主客体作用的AB2型长链大分子单体(MM),再利用其巯基和炔基的点击反应可以合成出氧化还原响应性长链超分子超支化聚合物(SHP).利用一维和二维核磁共振谱对MM和SHP的聚合物结构和超分子作用进行了表征和确认.动态光散射和透射电子显微镜测试结果表明:在水溶液中,SHP可自发地形成支化自组装形貌;而当加入H_2O_2后,由于β-CD/Fc主客体作用的解离,支化自组装体结构被破坏、且进一步二次组装球形胶束.对比于线型超分子聚合物自组装体,SHP具有更高的载药效率.利用紫外分光光度计测试载药SHP自组装体对抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)的累积释放曲线发现H_2O_2可有效调控SHP自组装体中DOX的释放速率,即:当加入H_2O_2后,DOX的释放速率明显加快.     

金刚烷可逆加成-断裂链转移聚丙烯酸的制备及主-客体自组装

以金刚烷改性S-1-十二烷基-S’-(α,α’-二甲基-α’’-乙酸)三硫代碳酸酯(DDMAT)所得可逆加成-断裂链转移剂(RAFT)与丙烯酸叔丁酯聚合,经酸解,氨解,得到了金刚烷遥爪聚丙烯酸。以环糊精-环氧氯丙烷在甲苯存在下交联制备了水溶性环糊精线性聚合物(P(β-CD))。由傅立叶红外(FTIR)光谱,核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)表征了聚合物的结构,并通过凝胶渗透色谱测定了丙烯酸叔丁酯聚合物,氨解产物和环糊精聚合物的分子量及分布。研究了金刚烷遥爪聚合物与环糊精聚合物在水溶液中的超分子包合行为,经纳米粒度和透射电镜测试表明,形成了球形胶束结构。     

无规共聚物P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA)的合成及其在水溶液中温度诱导相转变行为

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法,由单体2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯(MEO₂MA)和寡聚(乙二醇)甲基醚甲基丙烯酸酯(OEGMA, M_n = 500 g·mol^-1)合成了无规共聚物P(MEO₂MA-co-OEGMA).并采用动态光散射(DLS)、紫外光谱及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术考察聚合物在水溶液中的温度响应性聚集行为,获得其在水溶液中的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)及其随组成的变化规律.结果表明,该聚合物具有良好且可逆的温度响应行为,这主要归因于聚合物与水分子之间氢键作用,及其分子本身疏水作用之间为了保持一种微妙的动态平衡而自发对聚集形态进行的“自我调整”,从而达到新的热力学平衡状态的结果.该聚合物的LCST与聚合物中单体OEGMA所占的摩尔比例呈线性关系,可以通过改变单体的摩尔配比实现对聚合物LCST的调控.     

轻度交联环糊精聚合物包结诱导自组装胶束的研究

合成了含β-环糊精的多取代单体(GMA)x-CD,经自由基聚合得到轻度交联的或高度支化的聚合物P(GMA)x-CD;同时由自由基共聚得到含有金刚烷侧基的疏水聚合物PtBA-ADA.研究表明,他们可在碱性水中通过β-CD和ADA间的包结络合作用形成胶束.当改变聚合物浓度比时,胶束尺寸在150~300 nm范围变化.TEM和AFM研究表明胶束具有核壳结构,核为疏水PtBA-ADA,壳为亲水(GMA)x-CD.通过对胶束壳CD基的化学交联,将胶束结构进一步固定化.     

温敏性共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)的合成与热缔合行为研究

以N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMA)和双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)为共聚单体,在水溶液中采用常规自由基聚合以K_2S_2O_8-Na_2SO_3双氧化还原体系为引发剂,合成了一系列具有最低临界溶解温度(LCST)的温敏性聚合物P(DMA-co-DAAM).采用紫外可见分光光度计、动态光散射、芘荧光探针法和变温核磁共振氢谱等多种手段研究共聚物在不同温度下的溶液结构,结果表明共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)具有明显的热致缔合行为,在低温下聚合物以单链形式溶解,温度升高超过LCST之后由于P(DMA-co-DAAM)分子链上DAAM侧基发生亲水-疏水性变化,部分疏水链段缔合形成微相分离的胶束聚集体.进一步的研究还表明通过改变共聚物组成和溶液浓度能够有效调节共聚物溶液的缔合转变温度,共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)的LCST值与DAAM含量成很好的线性关系,DAAM含量越高LCST温度越低.采用常规自由基聚合所带来的链间异质性以及分子量的多分散性等特点并没有显著影响共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)的温敏性.     

P(MMA-co-MAh)-g-mPEG的合成及环境敏感性

采用偶合接枝法在甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和马来酸酐(MAh)无规共聚物上接枝不同含量的聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG), 合成具有pH敏感和温度敏感的两亲接枝共聚物P(MMA-co-MAh)-g-mPEG, 并对其进行了红外光谱和核磁共振波谱表征. 通过紫外-可见分光光度计测量了接枝共聚物水溶液的透光率, 结果表明, 接枝聚合物的水溶液呈现低临界溶解温度(LCST), 其LCST值对环境pH值和无机盐等因素敏感, 并可通过控制亲水侧链含量来调节.     

环丙沙星与环糊精超分子体系的研究

利用荧光光谱法研究了环丙沙星与母体β-环糊精(β-CD)及其2种修饰衍生物羟丙基-β-环糊精(Hp-β-CD)、甲基-β-环糊精(Me-β-CD)形成的超分子体系,同时测定了3种超分子体系的猝灭常数和热力学参数.结果表明:环丙沙星与3种环糊精之间常温下均形成稳定的包合物;环丙沙星与3种环糊精包结过程中△G＜0和△H＜0,这说明环丙沙星与3种环糊精的包结能够自发进行而形成超分子体系,且反应为放热过程.通过对3种环糊精与环丙沙星的热力学数包结能力进行了比较,初步探讨了作用机理和影响包结能力大小的可能因素.     

C-hexylpyrogallol[4]arene and β-cyclodextrin as directors of the mode of binding of Coumarin 153 with DNA

The supramolecular interaction between calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and Coumarin 153 in the presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or C-hexylpyrogallol[4]arene (C-HPA) was studied. Inclusion complexes of Coumarin 153 with β-CD and C-HPA were characterised by infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and two-dimensional rotating-frame nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy. The inclusion complexation was further followed by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The influence of β-CD or C-HPA in the binding strength and binding model of C153 with ctDNA was studied by UV–visible, fluorescence and molecular modelling technique. The possible group of interaction of Coumarin 153 with DNA, β-CD and C-HPA was shown by molecular modelling technique.     

Study on the Supramolecular System of TAPP and Cyclodextrins by Spectroscopy

The ability of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), γ-CD, hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD), trimethyl-β-CD (TM-β-CD), sulfurbutylether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD) and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) to break the aggregate of the meso-tetrakis(4-N-trimethylaminobenzyl)porphyrin (TAPP) and to form 2:1 inclusion complexes has been studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation constants are calculated, respectively, by fluorimetry, from which the inclusion capacity of different CDs is compared and the inclusion mechanism of charged-β-CD (SBE-β-CD and CM-β-CD) is quite different from that of the parent β-CD. At lower pH, the complexation between TM-β-CD and H²TAPP²⁺ (the form of the diprotonated TAPP) hampers the continuous protonation of the pyrrole nitrogen of TAPP and the hydrophobic cavity may prefer to bind an apolar neutral porphyrin molecule. ¹HNMR data support the inclusion conformation of the porphyrin–cyclodextrin supramolecular system, indicating the interaction of the meso-phenyl groups of TAPP with the cavity of CDs. For this host–guest inclusion model, cyclodextrin being regarded as the protein component, which acts as a carrier enveloping the active site of heme prosthetic group within its hydrophobic environment, provides a protective sheath for the porphyrin, creating artificial analogues of heme-containing proteins. However, for TAPP, encapsulated within this saccharide-coated barrier, its photophysical and photochemical properties changed strongly.     

β-环糊精-分子内电荷转移荧光探针-牛血清白蛋白三元超分子体系的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)及羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)与分子内电荷转移荧光探针1-酮-2-(对二甲氨基苯亚甲基)-四氢萘(KDTN)的包合作用,求得了二者的包合常数和包合比.进一步研究了CDs、KDTN及牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的超分子体系,计算了结合常数和结合比.结果表明:β-CDs-KDTN-BSA能形成1∶1∶1的三元配合物,环糊精与KDTN的包合有利于与BSA作用,其结合常数大于KDTN与BAS的结合常数.     

An investigation of the complexation of host <Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N′</Emphasis>-bis(9-phenyl-9-thioxanthenyl)ethylenediamine with dihaloalkane guests

In this study, the formation of supramolecular inclusion complex of doxorubicin (DOX), a high loading and pH-dependent delivery of DOX on β-CD dendrimer was studied. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) dendrimer having β-CD in both periphery and core was prepared with entrapment efficiency using click reaction. The encapsulation property of the β-CD-dendrimer was investigated by DOX as model drug. The chemical construction of β-CD-dendrimer was described by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and FTIR and its inclusion complex construction was studied by FTIR, DSC, SEM, and DLS techniques. It was confirmed that β-CD dendrimer able to encapsulate DOX in solution; as a result, the designed complex revealed pH-dependent sustained release of DOX, in vitro. Also, the in vitro outcomes on T47D cells displayed that complexation of DOX with β-CD dendrimer involved an improvement of in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer activity and this data appeared to be as a result of the developed solubility of the DOX.     

Spectral properties and supramolecular inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with flexible amphiphilic and rigid compounds

Spectral properties and inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with nonionic amphiphiles and rigid 1-bromonaphthalene (BrN) was investigated in detail. Fluorescence and ¹H NMR measurements give new insights into inclusion of the hydrophobic moiety of amphiphiles into the cavity of β-CD. Their apparent stability constants were well correlated with the structure of the hydrophobic moiety of amphiphiles. The long and flexible hydrophobic moiety may occupy the cavity in the compressed manner. The phosphorescence quenching and the binding strength of BrN in ternary complexes indicate that the inclusion depth and the rigidity of BrN in the cavity of β-CD are predominant factors in determining its phosphorescence. Further inclusion of rigid BrN into the cavity drives the built-in phenyl group of amphiphiles to expose to bulk water phase to a greater extent. Comparative analyses of molecular sizes and models reveal that the flexible hydrocarbon chain of an amphiphile in supramolecular inclusion complexes was located inside the crowded cavity of β-CD due to the filling of rigid BrN into the cavity.     

Redox-responsive Inclusion Complexation between β-Cyclodextrin and Ferrocene-functionalized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and its Effect on the Solution Properties of this Polymer

Ferrocene-functionalized polymers (poly(NIPAM/FCN)) and their β-CD (β-Cyclodextrin) complex have been prepared. The inclusion complexation between them was investigated by several techniques, including ¹H NMR spectra, cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis spectra and dynamic light scattering measurements. The results showed that β-CD could interact with the reduced ferrocene side groups and hardly affect the oxidized form. Thus a redox-responsive inclusion complexation system based on β-CD and poly(NIPAM/FCN) was obtained. In addition, the effect of this inclusion complexation on the solution properties of this polymer was also investigated. LCST (lower critical solution temperature) increased and the viscosity decreased upon addition of β-CD into the reduced polymer solution due to the disruption of the hydrophobic interaction between the ferrocene side groups by the inclusion complexation. Yet LCST and viscosity of the oxidized polymer solution changed slightly, which resulted from the weak interaction exerted by β-CD.     

Supramolecular Interaction of Primaquine with Native β-Cyclodextrin

The supramolecular host–guest inclusion complex of Primaquine (PQ) with the nano-hydrophobic cavity of beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was prepared by physical mixing, kneading and co-precipitation methods. The formation of an inclusion complex in PQ with β-CD in the solution phase has been confirmed by UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complex is 1:1; the Primaquine molecule is deeply entrapped in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin, which was confirmed by analysis of spectral shifts and corresponding absorbance and fluorescence intensities. The Benesi–Hildebrand plot was used to calculate the binding constant of the inclusion complex of PQ with β-CD at room temperature. The Gibbs energy change of the inclusion complex process has been calculated. The \( {\text{p}}K_{\text{a}} \) and \( {\text{p}}K_{\text{a}}^{*} \) for the monocation and neutral equilibrium of PQ in aqueous and β-CD media are discussed. The thermal stability for the inclusion complex of PQ with β-CD has been analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry. The modification of the crystal structure to amorphous for the solid inclusion complex was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The structure of the complex is proposed by docking studies using the Patch-Dock server. A cytotoxic analysis was also carried out for the pure PQ and its solid complex on the MDA MB 231 cell line and showed that the activity is good for both substances. The cytotoxicity neither improved nor decreased with the formation of the inclusion complex with β-CD.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer using beta-cyclodextrin as functional monomer for the efficient recognition of bilirubin

Bilirubin (BR) imprinted polymer was successfully prepared using supramolecular host compound β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as functional monomer. The adsorption equilibrium was attained in about 4 h, which indicated that the adsorption kinetics was comparatively fast. The results of adsorption and selectivity experiments indicated that BR-imprinted β-CD polymer was able to bind BR specifically and reversibly. The specific recognition of BR-imprinted β-CD polymer for BR may be due to the cooperative effects of inclusion interaction and hydrogen bonding. This BR-imprinted β-CD polymer was further applied to eliminate BR in human serum sample. It was verified that the binding specificity of the BR-imprinted polymer for BR was essentially sufficient in the presence of other compounds coexisting in serum sample. Therefore, as a reusable material possessing high affinity and selectivity, BR-imprinted β-CD polymer has a potential application perspective as a clinical hemoperfusion material.