计算机模式识别法在甲状腺肿瘤患者血清微量元素谱研究中的应用

用马氏距离判别法对５３例甲状腺肿瘤患者和５８例健康人血清中Ｂａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ和Ｃａ等元素含量进行了分类研究,分类准确度达９２．８％。研究结果表明,甲状腺肿瘤病变可能与人体中Ｍｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ和Ｓｒ含量异常有关。文中还计算了患者和健康人血清元素间的相关系数,并讨论了其差异性。     

ICP—AES测定东北虎,梅花鹿等动物毛发中的微量元素

研究了东北虎，梅花鹿等动物毛发中元素的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析方法，报道了上述毛发中的Ａｌ，Ｃａ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｇ，Ｐ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｒ，Ｚｎ等元素的含量，为研究微量元素与动物仞关系提供了参考。     

ICP－AES测定东北虎、梅花鹿等动物毛发中的微量元素

研究了东北虎、梅花鹿等动物毛发中元素的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析方法，报道了上述动物毛发中的Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｐ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ等元素的含量，为研究微量元素与动物健康的关系提供了参考。     

人工神经网络方法用于肺癌的辅助诊断

根据人发和血清中微量元素的含量,将人工神经网络(ANN)用于正常人与癌症患者的分类预测.用独立预测样本作了检验,表明该方法可作为肺癌诊断的一种辅助手段.讨论了当预测样本中有元素缺损时ANN的分类预测情况,并研究了人发和血清样品中的元素对分类预测的影响.     

癌症病人头发中无机元素含量变化初探

采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定了肺癌、肝癌、胃癌患者头发中２４种无机元素的含量,与对照组比较,探讨对癌症实验诊断有意义的指标。结果表明：肺癌、肝癌、胃癌患者头发中Ａｌ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ等元素含量与对照组存在显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此采用多元素谱作为上述癌症辅助诊断指标相对于采用单元素值或元素比值作为诊断标准更具参考价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中假尿嘧啶核苷的浓度

应用反相高效液相色谱法测定人血清中假尿苷（ＰＤ）的含量,色谱柱为Ｎｏｖａ－ＰａｋＣ１８３．９ｍｍ×１５０ｍｍ,流动相为０．０４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钾缓冲液（ｐＨ４．０）,检测波长为２６３ｎｍ,线性范围为０．７～６．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,回收率为９３．５０％,日间误差ＣＶ＝３．１１％（ｎ＝６）。同时测定了部队体检正常人血清中ＰＤ的浓度,并用于临床观察肝炎、肾病、肺癌等多种疾病以及Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光治疗前后患者血中ＰＤ含量的变化。正常人血中ＰＤ的浓度无性别差异,成年人的正常值与文献一致。     

胃癌患者血清中五种微量元素含量的分析

报告１９８６年１２月～１９８９年３月间，用极谱法检测了胃癌患者５４例血清中锌、铜、钼、铬和硒等５种微量元素的含量，同时与８３名正常人和１８例胃良性疾病患者进行比较。结果分析发现，胃癌患者血清锌和硒的含量较正常人明显降低（Ｐ＜０，０１及Ｐ＜０．０５）；而血清铜及铜／锌比值较正常人非常显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清钼和铬的变化与正常人差别不大（Ｐ＞０．０５），结合文献对上述变化的原因、因果关系及意义进行了初步讨论。另总结观察了１５例已行根治性胃大部切除后一年的患者血清锌、铜和硒的变化。发现其含量有较大变化并已接近于正常人的水平，就此提出了用术后各元素值的动态变化作为判断预后的设想。     

同时测定合成样中铜钴镍钒含量的分光光度法--主成分回归法和偏最小二乘法比较

研究了主成分回归和偏最小二乘方法在多组分分光光度法分析中的应用,以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ（２〔５－溴－２－吡啶）－偶氮〕５－二乙氨基苯酚）为显色剂,ＯＰ（聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚）作为增溶增稳剂,在ｐＨ＝３．６的条件下,用主成分回归及偏最小二乘分光光度法同时测定了合成样中的铜、钴、镍、钒４组分含量,测定相对误差在－６．００％～４．００％之间。实验证明,对于加和性不好的体系偏最小二乘分光光度法要优于主成分回     

海带中生命元素的ICP－AES研究

应用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ技术测定了Ｓｒ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ等８种生命元素在海带中的分布，发现三种分布模式：（１）Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ在叶状体末端和边缘、固着器末端含量高．其余部位含量低；（２）Ｓｒ和Ｃａ的分布规律与第一类相似，但固着器基部高于固着器末端；（３）Ｍｇ和Ｐ均匀分布．Ｓｒ和Ｃａ分布上的相似性提示了它们生理功能上的相似性．这些数据为研究微量元素在海带中的生理功能提供了新资料。     

冠心病患者血清中微量元素的原子吸收法测定及人工神经网络分析

应用火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法测定了冠心病患者和对照组血清中Ｚｎ,Ｃｕ,Ｆｅ,Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,Ｃｒ,Ｍｎ和Ｓｒ等的含量。对所得数据用反向传播神经网络（Ｂ－Ｐ法）进行分析,建立了冠心病的神经网络识别系统,预报识别率达１００％,可作为该病诊断的一种有效的辅助手段。     

Diagnosis of lung cancer based on metal contents in serum and hair using multivariate statistical methods

The classification of normal and cancer groups with four multivariate methods according to metal contents in serum and hair samples has been discussed in the present paper. Results show that the four multivariate methods, stepwise discrimination analysis, principal components analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and stepwise cluster analysis can distinguish the two groups correctly. The independent samples of both normal and cancer groups were tested and can be distinguished correctly by the four methods. Therefore, these methods can be used as an aid for diagnosis of lung cancer according to the metal contents in serum and hair samples.     

用于癌症病人初级临床诊断的化学计量学研究

用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱及石墨炉原子吸收测定了正常人及癌症病人头发与血清样品中13个元素。将所得数据送入计算机, 分别用化学计量学中PLS及Gram-Schmidt多元分析方法处理了血清与头发样本。在两种情况下均得到了病人与正常人分类极其清晰的二维判别图。头发样本的判别失误率低于血清样本。头发样品取样、存储及运输容易, 也宜于进行光谱分析, 因此可将头发用作癌症初级临床诊断中的分析样品。     

用Delta—Bar—Delta规则神经网络对肺癌患者的判别

采用Ｄｅｌｔａ规则和Ｄｅｌｔａ－Ｂａｒ－Ｄｅｌｔａ规则的神经网络，用于根据头发和血清样品中金属含量对正常人与癌症患者的分类判别研究，对有关参数影响作了讨论，结果表明，采用Ｄｅｌｔａ－Ｂａｒ－Ｄｅｌｔａ规则的神经网络训练速度明显快于Ｄｅｌｔａ规则的神经网络。     

Distribution of some elements in human hair and internal organs,determined by neutron activation analysis

Twenty four male autopsies were obtained from Shanghai, China. The samples of liver, lung, kidney cortex, brain and scalp hair were collected from the autopsies. The elements As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, S, Se and Zn were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The present study shows the distribution of the elements in different tissues and provides the element level for normal persons in the local area. In general, the results are comparable with those of other countries.     

人工神经网络用于消化道癌症初级诊断研究

测定了正常人及消化道癌症病人头发样品１１种元素含量,然后将人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）用于正常人与癌症患者的分类预测,并用独立预测样本作了检验,预报识别率达１００％。讨论了网络参数的选择和发样中微量元素与癌症的关系。结果表明该方法可作为消化道癌症初级诊断的一种辅助手段。     

Analysis of blood serum of lung cancer patients using particle induced X-ray emission

Trace elemental imbalance in human beings is postulated to exert action, directly or indirectly, on the carcinogenic process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of trace elements in blood serum samples of lung cancer patients and analyze their alteration with respect to healthy controls. Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), a well established method for elemental analysis, was used to identify and quantify trace elements in the blood serum samples of the studied groups. The PIXE measurements were carried out using 2.5 MeV collimated proton beam from the 3 MV Tandem Pelletron Accelerator at Ion Beam Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India. The serum of the cancerous group displayed increased concentrations of Ti, Ni, and Cu but lowered concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, and Se. Statistically significant differences were found for serum Cr (p < 0.01), Fe (p < 0.0005), Ni (p < 0.05), Cu (p < 0.00005), and Zn (p < 0.0005) between the two studied groups. The copper to zinc ratio for the lung cancer group was 2.24 ± 0.39, which was almost three times the value for normal subjects (0.77 ± 0.14). The observed alterations are discussed with respect to the possible mechanisms by which these elements might influence the carcinogenic process. Significant reduction in mortality from lung cancer can be achieved by advances in early diagnosis and implementation of multidisciplinary treatment programmes leading to improvement of survivorship and better quality of life. It is expected that similar studies from all corners of the world would ultimately lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat lung cancer.     

多变量判别分析用于癌症诊断研究

用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱及石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定了正常人及癌症病人头发样品中15种元素的含量。所得数据用多元多项式扩展增维和逐步回归变量压缩技术以及PLS方法处理,得到了病人与正常人分类极为清晰的二维判别图。据此可将头发用作癌症临床诊断中的分析样品以取代血液样品。     

前列舒通胶囊中26种无机元素的分析

目的：明确造成前列舒通胶囊不同批次间差异的标志性无机元素,并进行安全性评价。方法：采用ICP-MS测定制剂中Al、As、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti、Tl、V、Zn和Hg元素含量并进行数据分析。运用主成分及综合评分结合聚类分析手段,确定制剂的特征性元素;进行元素含量和相关性分析,明确不同批次各元素的差异及元素之间的关系;以多元素含量为指标,绘制无机元素谱图。结果：19批样品中均未检测出Se、Mo、Sn、Sb、Tl和Hg,且Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Hg均符合限量标准,无机元素含量谱图趋势一致。主成分分析提取了4个主成分,确定元素B、K、Al、V、Cr、Ca、Ti、Na、Co和Mn可作为特征元素。主成分得分图将19批样品分为两类,聚类分析及综合评分结果与其一致,两类样品中各元素含量存在差异性。相关性分析中,明确了B与K、Al、Cr正相关,K与Cr、Co正相关,V与Cr、Mn正相关,Mn与Co正相关,Ca、Ti、Na两两正相关。结论：通过分析前列舒通胶囊中无机元素含量,确定了特征元素,为前列舒通胶囊质量全面控制研究提供科学依据。     

A study of trace elements in scalp hair and fingernails of industrial workers of Ontario,Canada

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was performed on scalp hair and fingernail samples collected randomly from a group of heavily exposed healthy male industrial workers living in the cities of Hamilton and Toronto (Ont.), Canada. The concentrations of trace elements (Ag, Au, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, Lu, Mn, Mo, Rb, Ru and T₃) were evaluated and compared for scalp hair and fingernails. Various trace elements show similar variations in the two kinds of samples. The results have also been compared with those for normal subjects from USA (scalp hair) and Canada (fingernails).