Efficient microwave access to polysubstituted amidines from imidoylbenzotriazoles

Microwave reactions of primary and secondary amines with imidoylbenzotriazoles 6a-w gave diversely substituted amidines 7a-Aa in 76-94% yields. Convenient preparations of a variety of amides 5a-Ab (87-96%) and imidoylbenzotriazoles 6a-w (56-95%) have also been developed using microwave irradiation under mild conditions and short reaction times. These results demonstrate further the advantages of microwave synthesis and introduce a new application of imidoylbenzotriazoles in the preparation of polysubstituted amidines.     

New bronchodilators. II. 3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones.

A series of novel 3-substituted imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones (2a-w) was prepared by the reaction of imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones (6) with several electrophiles under basic conditions. The bronchodilatory activity of these compounds was evaluated on the basis of their protective effects against antigen-induced contraction (the Schultz-Dale reaction) of guinea-pig trachea (in vitro) and antigen inhalation-induced bronchospasm in passively sensitized guinea-pigs (in vivo). Although correlations between in vitro and in vivo activities were not clear, short alkyl chains such as the methyl and ethyl groups at the 3-position were important for potent activity, especially in vivo. Substituents at the 5-position were more tolerant of the activity than those at the 3-position. 5-Ethyl-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-one (21) exhibits the most potent bronchodilatory activity among our tested compounds and is at least 5-fold more active than theophylline in vivo.     

4′-{2-[5-(4-羧基苯基)呋喃基]}-2,2′:6′,2″-三联吡啶的合成——推荐一个大学有机化学实验

介绍一个面向大学高年级本科生的综合性有机化学实验——4′-{2-[5-(4-羧基苯基)呋喃基]}-2,2′:6′,2″-三联吡啶的合成与结构表征。以糠醛、对氨基苯甲酸为原料经低温条件下的偶联反应制备5-(4-羧基苯基)呋喃-2-甲醛,并以其和2-乙酰基吡啶为原料,在碱性条件下以氨水为氮源合成目标产物。通过熔点测定、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行表征。该实验合成路线成熟,包括芳环偶联、α,β-不饱和酮的合成、Michael加成等内容,能达到多方面对学生进行锻炼之目的,是一个值得推荐的有机化学实验。     

Synthesis of organo soluble aromatic poly(amide-imide)s based on 2-(5-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)pyridine in an ionic liquid

In this work,the syntheses of new thermally stable poly(amide-imide)s with pendant 2-pyridyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole units in n-butyl methyl imidazolium bromide as reaction media have been reported.A new dicarboxylic acid has been derived from the reaction of diamine,2-(5-(3,5-diaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)pyridine(POBD),and trimellitic acid anhydride.Polymers were prepared from the reaction of the diimide-diacid(DIDA) and different aromatic diamines in butyl methyl imidazolium bromide,[bmim][Br],in the ...     

Synthesis of New Near-infrared Fluorescent Dyes

Inrecentyears,agrowingnumberofscientistsareIookingforpr0cedurestolabelbiologicallyimp0rtantmolecules(suchasDNA,Proteins,etc.)'-'.Oneefficientwaycurrentlyexploitedistheuseofnear-infraredfluorescentdyesasfluorogeniclabels.AIthoughtherearemanyfluorescentdyescommerciallyavailable,onlyseveralclassesofm0lecuIescanbe0peratedinthefar-visibleornear-infraredregion(6O0-lO00nm)whicharetheareas0flowinterference.Inanattemptt0lookfornewnear-infraredfluorescentmolecules,0urgroupsynthesizedaseriesofbenzo[a…     

2-(4-甲基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯的合成

以对甲氧基苯甲酸为原料,经5步反应合成了新化合物2-(4-甲基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯,其结构经1H NMR,MS及X-射线单晶衍射确证。     

Substituted γ-lactones. XXX. Reactions of α-Keto-β-Subtituted-γ-butyrolactones with diamines

The condensation reaction between α-keto-β-aroyl (or acyl) -γ-butyrolactones, 4a-4e and o-phenylenediamine or 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene leads under retrograde aldol condensation involving loss of formaldehyde to formation of 3-substituted-3, 4-dihydro-2 (1H) quinoxalinones or benzo [g] quinoxalinones, 7a-7g , respectively as a new convenient synthesis of this type of heterocyclic systems. The reaction of type 4 compound with 4, 5-diaminopyromidine, 8 , was found to proceed differently. 2-[(4-Amino-5-pyrimidinyl)amine]-4-oxo-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-phenyl-2-butenoic acid 9 was the only product formed when the reaction between 4a and 8 was run in ethanol. The same reaction in glacial acetic acid proceeds with loss of formaldehyde, to afford 7-phenacylidene-7,8-dihydro-6 (1H)-pteridione 10 . The reaction between type 4 compounds and ethylenediamine or 1, 4-phenylenediamine leads to the formation of the bis-condensation products 13–15 , respectively.     

Determination of catecholamines and serotonin by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection

6-Oxy-(N-succinimidyl acetate)-9-(2'-methoxycarbonyl) fluorescein, a new synthesized fluorescent reagent, was established for the first time as a label for the sensitive analysis of catecholamines (CAs) and serotonin (5-HT) by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with laser-induced fluorescence detection. After careful study on the derivatization conditions such as pH value, reagent concentration, temperature and reaction time, the labeling reaction was accomplished as quickly as 7 min with stable yield. The separation parameters for the CAs and 5-HT were also optimized in detail. The derivatives were baseline separated in a running buffer containing 30 mM boric acid and 15 mM sodium dodeculsulfate at pH 9.0. The detection limits ranged from 5 x 10(-10) to 2 x 10(-9) M (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). The rapid and sensitive method was also applied to the determination of the CAs and 5-HT of urine samples.     

天然产物Combretastatin A-1和Combretastatin B-1的合成

基于Perkin反应策略合成了具有强效抗肿瘤、抗血管活性的天然产物Combretastatin A-1(CA1)和Combretastatin B-1(CB1).以2,3,4-三羟基苯甲醛(1)为起始物, 经单甲基化反应得到2,3-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(2), 再经酚羟基保护得到2,3-二异丙基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(3), 该化合物与3,4,5-三甲氧基苯乙酸(4)发生Perkin反应分离得到E-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-3-(2',3'-二异丙氧基-4'-甲氧基)丙烯酸(E-5), 经脱羧反应得到Z-3,4,4',5-四甲氧基-2',3'-二异丙氧基二苯乙烯(6), 最后经脱保护反应得到CA1.另外, 将E-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-3-(2',3'-二异丙氧基-4'-甲氧基)丙烯酸(E-5)脱去保护基得到E-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-3-(2',3'-二羟基-4'-甲氧基)丙烯酸(7), 该化合物经脱羧-异构化反应得到E-3,4,4',5-四甲氧基-2',3'-二羟基二苯乙烯(E-CA1), 最后经催化氢化得到CB1.     

S-oxygenation of thiocarbamides I: Oxidation of phenylthiourea by chlorite in acidic media

The oxidation of 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) by chlorite was studied in aqueous acidic media. The reaction is extremely complex with reaction dynamics strongly influenced by the pH of reaction medium. In excess chlorite concentrations the reaction stoichiometry involves the complete desulfurization of PTU to yield a urea residue and sulfate: 2ClO2- + PhN(H)CSNH2 + H2O --> SO4(2-) + PhN(H)CONH2 + 2Cl- + 2H+. In excess PTU, mixtures of sulfinic and sulfonic acids are formed. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by observing the formation of chlorine dioxide which is formed from the reaction of the reactive intermediate HOCl and chlorite: 2ClO2- + HOCl + H+ --> 2ClO2(aq) + Cl- + H2O. The complexity of the ClO2- - PTU reaction arises from the fact that the reaction of ClO2 with PTU is slow enough to allow the accumulation of ClO2 in the presence of PTU. Hence the formation of ClO2 was observed to be oligooscillatory with transient formation of ClO2 even in conditions of excess oxidant. The reaction showed complex acid dependence with acid catalysis in pH conditions higher than pKa of HClO2 and acid retardation in pH conditions of less than 2.0. The rate of oxidation of PTU was given by -d[PTU]/dt = k1[ClO2-][PTU] + k2[HClO2][PTU] with the rate law: -d[PTU]/dt = [Cl(III)](T)[PTU]0/K(a1) + [H+] [k1K(a1) + k2[H+]]; where [Cl(III)]T is the sum of chlorite and chlorous acid and K(a1) is the acid dissociation constant for chlorous acid. The following bimolecular rate constants were evaluated; k1 = 31.5+/-2.3 M(-1) s(-1) and k2 = 114+/-7 M(-1) s(-1). The direct reaction of ClO2 with PTU was autocatalytic in low acid concentrations with a stoichiometric ratio of 8:5; 8ClO2 + 5PhN(H)CSNH2 + 9H2O --> 5SO4(2-) + 5PhN(H)CONH2 + 8Cl- + 18H+. The proposed mechanism implicates HOCl as a major intermediate whose autocatalytic production determined the observed global dynamics of the reaction. A comprehensive 29-reaction scheme is evoked to describe the complex reaction dynamics.     

Synthesis of 3-arylsulfonylmethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives

Several new 3-arylsulfonylmethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives have been synthesized. A typical example, 3-[(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)methyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 2c ), was prepared from the reaction of 2-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)acetamide oxime ( 1c ) with ethyl oxalyl chloride. The hydrazide derivative ( 3f ) showed antihypertensive activity in rats. Various structural modifications to improve activity are discussed.     

Three-component reaction for synthesis of 2-amino-6-aryl-5-(phenylamino)-3,7-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives in water

A new three-component domino reaction for the synthesis of 2-amino-6-aryl-5-(phenylamino)-3,7-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives 4 using acetic acid as catalyst has been established. The reaction was performed in aqueous media using readily available and inexpensive 2,6-diaminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one 1 , 2,2-dihydroxy-1-arylethan-1-one 2 and aniline 3 as substrates. The simple and efficient one-pot three-component approach, inexpensive catalyst, green reaction media, make the present methodology a good synthetic procedure.     

Ring closure reaction of 4-(2-hydroxyanilino)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid with acetic anhydride. Synthesis of pyrimido[5,4-c] [1,5]benzoxazepin-5(11H)ones

Syntheses of 11-acety1-2-phenylpyrimido[5,4-c][1,5]benzoxazepin-5(11H)one ( 16a ) and analogs ( 16b,c, 22 ) were described. The reaction of 4-chloro-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 7 ) with 2-aminophenol afforded 4-(2-hydroxyanilino)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidine-carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 8a ). The latter was also prepared by catalytic reduction of 4-(2-nitrophenoxy)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 9 ), which was obtained from 7 and 2-nitrophenol. Involvement of 4-(2-aminophenoxy)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 12a ) in this reduction as an intermediate was demonstrated by an independent synthesis of 12a and its subsequent rearrangement to 8a. Hydrolysis of 8a or 12a gave 4-(2-hydroxyanilino)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid ( 15a ). Reaction of 15a with acetic anhydride afforded 16a , the first member of a novel ring system, the pyrimido[5,4- c ][1,5]-benzoxazepin. Additional examples ( 16b,c ) were prepared similarly. The corresponding 11-ethyl derivative ( 22 ) was prepared in similar fashion, starting with 7 and 2-ethylaminophenol. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of 16a-c from 15a-c and acetic anhydride was discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of optically active polyamides based on 2-(1,3-isoindolinedione-2-yl)glutaric acid by direct polycondensation

<正>Five new optically active polyamides(PAs) 6a-6e were prepared by direct polycondensation reaction of 2-(1,3- isoindolinedione-2-yl)-glutaric acid 4 as a new chiral diacid with various aromatic diamines 5a-5e in a medium consisting of triphenyl phosphite(TPP),calcium chloride,pyridine(Py) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP).The polycondensation reaction produced a series of polyamids 6a-6e in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.26-0.39 dL/g.The resulting polymers were fully characterized by means of ~1H-NMR,FT-IR spectroscopy,elemental analysis,inherent viscosity and specific rotation.Thermal properties of these polymers were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal gravimetry(DTG).Phthalimide rings as a bulky pendent group in the polymer chains disturb the interchain and intrachain interactions and make these PAs readily soluble in polar,aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethyl acetamide(DMAc),N,N-dimethyl formamide(DMF),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) and sulfuric acid.     

Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid by inhibition of the hydrochloric acid-bromate reaction

A new analytical method was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juice and pharmaceuticals. The method is based on its inhibition effect on the reaction between hydrochloric acid and bromate. The decolourisation of Methyl Orange by the reaction products was used to monitor the reaction spectrophotometrically at 510 nm. The linearity range of the calibration graph depends on bromate concentration. The variable affecting the rate of the reaction was investigated. The method is simple, rapid, relatively sensitive and precise. The limit of detection is 7.6 x 10(-6) M and calibration rang is 8 x 10(-6)-1.2 x 10(-3) M ascorbic acid. The relative standard deviation of seven replication determinations of 8 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-5) M ascorbic acid was 2.8 and 1.7%, respectively. The influence of potential interfering substance was studied. The method was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals.     

Design of chiral bis-phosphoric acid catalyst derived from (R)-3,3'-di(2-hydroxy-3-arylphenyl)binaphthol: catalytic enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with amidodienes

Chiral bis-phosphoric acid 1 was designed to identify a new class of structural features in chiral Br?nsted acid catalysts. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the single atropisomer 1, bearing S axial chirality at 3,3'-biaryl substituents on (R)-binaphthyl and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the two phosphoric acid moieties. The newly designed bis-phosphoric acid 1 was evaluated in the Diels-Alder reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes 4 with 1-N-acylamino-1,3-butadienes 3. After systematic variation of the catalyst substituents, as well as the N-acyl substituents of 1,3-butadiene, the use of an N-Cbz amidodiene 3a in the presence of bis-phosphoric acid 1e with a 2,4,6-tri-isopropylphenyl group was found to be optimal to yield the 1S,6R enantiomeric product 5aa in a Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein (4a). Application of this method to substituted substrates was found to be an efficient approach to the enantioselective synthesis of 3- and 3,6-substituted cyclic formylcarbamates 5. The specific character as well as the utility of 1e was further established by comparing its enantioselectivity, absolute stereochemistry, and catalytic efficiency with those of mono-phosphoric acid 2.     

Oligomerization of indole derivatives with incorporation of thiols

Two molecules of indole derivative, e.g. indole-5-carboxylic acid, reacted with one molecule of thiol, e.g. 1,2-ethanedithiol, in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid to yield adducts such as 3-[2-(2-amino-5-carboxyphenyl)-1-(2-mercaptoethylthio)ethyl]-1Hindole-5-carboxylic acid. Parallel formation of dimers, such as 2,3-dihydro-1H,1'H-2,3'-biindole-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid and trimers, such as 3,3'-[2-(2-amino-5-carboxyphenyl) ethane-1,1-diyl]bis(1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid) of the indole derivatives was also observed. Reaction of a mixture of indole and indole-5-carboxylic acid with 2-phenylethanethiol proceeded in a regioselective way, affording 3-[2-(2-aminophenyl)-1-(phenethylthio)ethyl]-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid. An additional product of this reaction was 3-[2-(2-aminophenyl)-1-(phenethylthio)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H,1'H-2,3'-biindole-5'-carboxylic acid, which upon standing in DMSO-d6 solution gave 3-[2-(2-aminophenyl)-1-(phenethylthio)ethyl]-1H,1'H-2,3'-biindole-5'-carboxylic acid. Structures of all compounds were elucidated by NMR, and a mechanism for their formation was suggested.     

(E)-3-Halo-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones: synthesis and transformation to novel pyrazoles

New methods for the synthesis of (E)-3-halo-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones were established. The reaction of these compounds with hydrazine hydrate afforded new and unexpected 3(5)-aryl-5(3)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazonoethyl]-1H-pyrazoles, which upon acid hydrolysis gave 3(5)-aryl-5(3)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1H-pyrazoles. The reaction mechanisms for these transformations, involving 1,6- followed by 1,4-conjugate additions, are discussed and the structures of all new compounds were established by NMR studies.     

Synthesis of a New Phosphonate Methacrylate Monomer

In this work, a new methacrylate phosphonate monomer synthesis was described according to a two-step reaction. First the monoaddition of thioglycolic acid onto dimethylvinyl phosphonate monomer led to dimethyl–5-carboxymethyl-2-thiaethylphosphonate, a new phosphonate acid compound. This reaction also led to the thioester homologue of dimethyl–5-carboxymethyl-2-thiaethylphosphonate with a 15% yield by reaction of a thioglycolic acid thioester with dimethylvinyl phosphonate. Second, dimethyl carboxy-4-thia-butyl phosphonate reacted with glycidyl methacrylate. This epoxy-acid addition reaction was catalyzed by chromium salt at 70°C and led to the new methacrylate phosphonate monomer. We showed that only the secondary alcohol was obtained via a β addition. The two-step reaction final yield was calculated to be about 85%.