湖水中的颗粒物对水体生物膜吸附铅、镉的影响

采用逐级过滤的方式对湖水进行过滤,并用含有不同粒径颗粒物的湖水进行生物膜的培养,以研究水中颗粒物对生物膜吸附痕量重金属的影响.研究结果表明,生物膜上铁、锰氧化物含量与水中总铁、总锰含量呈明显的线性关系,锰氧化物的含量受水中颗粒物粒径分布的影响很大.生物膜吸附铅、镉的热力学过程符合Langmuir方程,且膜上铁、锰氧化物吸附铅、镉的能力随着湖水中颗粒物粒径的减小呈增强的趋势.     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定粮谷中铅、铜、镉、镁、锰、铁

用微波消解法进行样品消解,原子吸收光谱法测定了小麦粉国家标准物质中铅、铜、镉、镁、锰、铁6种元素的含量.其中镁、锰、铁用火焰原子化法,铅、铜、镉用石墨炉原子化法,方法的相对标准偏差分别为1.43%(镁),4.72%(镉),5.20%(锰),6.04%(铜),13.8%(铁)及18.7%(铅),检出限分别为0.001(铅及铜),0.000 1(镉),0.01(锰)及O.02(镁和CA)mg·kg-1.     

电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法（ICP-AES）快速测定饮用水中8种微量元素

用电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法（ICP-AES）同时快速测定饮用水中微量的铜、铅、锌、铁、锰、镉、铬、砷,具有快速、简便、灵敏度高等优点,精密度为1．2％～8．2％（RSD,n=5）．回收率为90％～110％．     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蔬菜中铅、镉的含量

选择8种新鲜蔬菜,用硝酸-高氯酸消解后以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅、镉的含量。对测定的工作条件和样品的预处理方法进行了探讨。铅、镉的线性回归方程分别为A=0．00062c 0．004,A=0．00366c 0．0350。测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为5．99％、5．33％,回收率分别为88．5％、107％,检出限分别为2．24、0．472μg/kg。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定陶瓷绝缘子镀液中的锌、铜、铁

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行镉镍电池陶瓷绝缘子镀液中锌、铜、铁含量的连续测定。在优化条件下．该方法灵敏度高，干扰小，选择性和重现性好，步骤简单，操作容易，分析周期短。测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于1．0％，加标回收率为97．0％～99．0％。该法适用于镉镍电池陶瓷绝缘子镀液中锌、铜、铁含量的现场控制分析和样品系统分析。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定菠萝中的铜、锌、铁、锰

探讨了用微波消化罐消化样品、以火焰原子吸收光谱法在同一体系中测定菠萝中微量元素铜、锌、铁、锰的方法。考察了硝酸、过氧化氢的不同用量以及消化时间长短的影响和在同一体系中钢、锌、铁、锰的彼此干扰情况。在选定条件下，检测限铜为0．0060μg/mL、锌为0．0074μg/mL、铁为0．0040μg/mL、锰为0．0090μg/mL，相对标准偏差1．9％-4．7％，回收率93．2％-105％。     

饮用水中19种金属元素快速检测方法的建立

目的建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）同时测定饮用水中铝、铜、锌、硒、砷、汞、镉、铅、铁、锰、钼、锡、铍、锑、镍、钡、银、铬、铊等19种金属元素含量的快速检测方法。方法对仪器工作参数进行优化,选取7Li,45Sc,72Ge,115In,209Bi作为测定元素的内标元素,有效克服了基体效应、接口效应及仪器波动所产生的影响,利用八极杆碰撞／反应池技术,消除多原子离子对待测元素的干扰。结果19种金属元素在测定的含量范围内标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数都在0．9992以上,方法检出限为0．002～0．444μg／L,定量限为0．006—1．480μg/L,低、中、高含量水样加标回收率为85．9％～105．5％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．60％-5．65％（n=6）。结论该法具有操作简便、干扰少、分析速度快、灵敏度高、结果准确可靠等优点,是测定饮用水中金属元素含量的理想方法。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定废水中痕量镉

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境废水中痕量镉时,锰、铬、镍、铜、钴、锌等共存元素干扰严重。以100 mg·L-1铁作为基体改进剂可消除干扰,加标回收率为94％～105％,RSD为5．92％～7．42％。     

ICP-AES法测定玻璃器皿中铅、镉、砷、锑溶出量的研究

采用ICP-AES法同时测定玻璃器皿中铅、镉、砷、锑的溶出量,对ICP-AES法测定4％乙酸浸泡液时分析线的选择和射频功率、载气压力的影响,以及基体和共存离子的干扰情况等进行了研究。4种元素的检出限分别为铅0．012mg／L,镉0．0009mg／L,砷0．015mg／L,锑O．015mg／L,加标回收率为97．3％～102．0％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．45％～1．36％（n=6）.     

以铁灯作光源-火焰原子吸收法测定饮用水中微量锰

探讨了以铁空心阴极灯作光源，火焰原子吸收法测定饮用水中微量锰。结果表明，本法相对标准偏差为4．12％，加标回收率为96．0％-99．7％，用本法对质控样进行测定和对比试验，结果令人满意，同时实现了一灯多用。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水泥中的铁和锰的研究

对火焰原子吸收分光光度法定水泥中的铁和锰的方法进行了研究.结果表明,在选定的最佳仪器条件下,测定水泥中铁和锰的RSD分别为0.45％和2.68％,回收率分别为97.0％～99.0％和98.0％～102.0％,该法操作简单、测试快速、结果准确稳定.     

云南富源某地区土壤8种有效态元素的测定

一种DTPA土壤测试被成功开发并应用到云南富源某地区,以识别土壤中的有效锌、铁、锰、铜、铅、钴、镍和镉的含量,用于指导该地区的土壤施肥情况以获得作物的最大产量。提取剂由0.005molL-1DTPA(二乙烯三胺五乙酸)、0.1 molL-1三乙醇胺和0.001molL-1CaCl, pH为7.3。土壤测试包括用20ml的提取剂震荡10g风干土壤2小时,过滤渗滤液,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定滤液中的锌、铁、锰、铜、铅、钴、镍和镉。根据作物对锌、铁和锰等有效态的反应,土壤测试使用标准化的土壤准备、研磨和提取程序。提取剂在pH值7.30时得到缓冲,选用能有效地提取8种微量元素金属DTPA作为螯合剂。通过大量实验确定最佳的震荡时间是2h,最佳的水土比是2：1。通过实验,方法线性相关系数R＞0.99,国家一级标准物质的准确度、精密度和检出限满足云南富源地区土壤检测要求,确定了该的确的土壤检测方法,并通过加标回收实验,回收率在90%～110%之间。该方法绿色环保,简单快捷,准确度高,适合该地区土壤有效态的分析。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定汉中石韦中微量元素含量

应用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了汉中石韦中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn共4种微量元素的含量。结果表明,汉中石韦中含有丰富的Fe（12．91μg／g）、Cu（32．12μg／g）、Nn（22．45μg／g）、Zn（72．84μg／g）等人体必需的微量元素,精密度不大于3．24％,回收率在93．5～106．2％之间。方法可靠,准确。     

洛阳牡丹花中营养元素和有害元素含量分析

为了提供洛阳牡丹花能否作为蔬菜食用的科学依据,采用原子吸收法测定了洛阳红、胡红、凤丹3个品种的牡丹花中钙、铁、锰、锌、铜、铅、镉元素含量。结果表明,洛阳红、胡红、凤丹花中含有丰富的营养元素钙、锰、铁;金属元素铜、锌含量在国家食品卫生限量标准内,有害元素铅、镉含量超出了国家限量标准。从微量元素含量的角度来评价,食用洛阳红、胡红、凤丹牡丹花,存在对人体健康产生危害的风险。测定结果的RSD为0.07%～16.1%,精密度高,可靠。     

儿童癫痫与微量元素关系初探

测定42例癫痫病患儿血中必需微量元素及有害元素，对其含量变化与临床症状间的关系进行分析研究，表明人体内微量元素失衡对本病的发生发展起重要作用．     

EDTA滴定法测定再生锌原料中的锌含量

采用氟化铵-盐酸-硝酸-硫酸分解样品,氨水沉淀分离铁、锰、铅等共存元素,滤液中加入掩蔽剂掩蔽少量干扰元素,在pH=5～6的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准滴定溶液滴定。测得结果为锌、镉合量,扣除镉量,即为锌量。方法用于测定再生锌原料中锌,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.15%～1.0%。按照实验方法对再生锌原料样品进行加标回收实验,回收率为99.1%～102%。能满足日常对再生锌原料中锌含量的检测要求。     

Lead and Cadmium Adsorption onto Iron Oxides and Manganese Oxides in the Natural Surface Coatings Collected on Natural Substances in the Songhua River of China

Natural surface coatings collected from natural substances(NSCsNS)were employed to study the roles of the main chemical components(iron oxides,manganese oxides,and other components)in controlling the adsorption of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in aquatic environments.The selective chemical extraction followed by the adsorption of Pb and Cd experiments and statistical analysis,were used to investigate the adsorption property of each component.Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used to remove manganese oxides selectively,and sodium dithionite was used to extract iron oxides and manganese oxides.The result indicated that iron oxides and manganese oxides played an important role in the adsorption of Pb and Cd on NSCsNS,and the relative contribution was about two-thirds.The contribution of manganese oxides was the greatest,with a lesser role indicated for other components.The adsorption ability of manganese oxides for Pb and Cd was greater than that of iron oxides or other components for Pb and Cd.The Pb adsorption observed in each component was greater than Cd adsorption.     

Differentiation of Spanish brandies according to their metal content

Eleven metals, namely, aluminium, calcium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and zinc were determined in twenty samples of Sherry brandies and twelve samples of Penedés brandies by applying atomic spectrometry techniques. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for quantitating calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc; atomic emission spectrometry to determine potassium and sodium; and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to analyse aluminium, cadmium and lead. A chemometric approach was followed to study the discrimination between brandies from Sherry or Penedés according to the metal profile.     

Simultaneous Determination of Iron,Copper, and Cadmium by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in the Presence of Thymolphthalexone

A novel, sensitive and selective adsorptive stripping procedure for simultaneous determination of iron, copper and cadmium is presented. The method is based on the adsorptive accumulation of thymolphthalexone (TPN) complexes of these elements onto a hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by reduction of adsorbed species by voltammetric scan using differential pulse modulation. The influences of control variables on the sensitivity of the proposed method for the simultaneous determination of iron, copper and cadmium were studied using the Derringer desirability function. The optimum analytical conditions were found to be TPN concentration of 2.0 μM, pH of 9.5, and accumulation potential at ?0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl with an accumulation time of 60 s. The peak currents are proportional to the concentration of iron, copper and cadmium over the 1–80, 0.5–100 and 1–100 ng mL^?1 ranges with detection limits of 0.5, 0.4 and 0.9 ng mL^?1_, respectively. The R.S.D. at a concentration level of 20 ng mL^?1 of iron, copper and cadmium were 2.5%, 0.9% and 1.5% (n=6), respectively. The procedure was applied to the simultaneous determination of iron, copper and cadmium in the tap water and some synthetic samples with satisfactory results.     

A new selective and high affinity polymeric complexing agent for transition metal ions

Summary The synthesis and characteristics of a new chelating glycinohydroxamate-containing polymer resin is described. The functionality of the polymer is 1.76 mmolg^–1. The hydrogen capacity, water regain and adsorption capacities for iron(III), cadmium(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) were measured at various pH values; uptake of the metal ions increased with pH and was quantitative above pH 3 for most of the metal ions. All cations studied showed high exchange rates towards the resin. The half saturation times for iron(III), cadmium(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) were all less than 1 min. The coordination behaviour of the resin was studied with the help of e.p.r., i.r., u.v. and potentiometry. The pK _a of the resin is 10.70 and the log value of the stability constants for iron(III), copper(II), lead(II), zinc(II), cobalt(II), manganese(II), cadmium(II) and nickel(II) were measured as 21.81, 19.50, 19.20, 18.59, 18.51, 18.46, 18.37 and 18.36, respectively, at 25 ° C and I = 0.2M KCl.