Zn含量对Mg-Zn合金在模拟体液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用析氢实验、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等研究经过固溶处理的纯Mg和镁锌合金模拟体液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:几种镁锌合金的腐蚀速率远低于纯镁,镁锌合金的腐蚀速率随着Zn含量降低而降低。固溶处理降低了晶界数量和位错密度,减少了晶间腐蚀和点蚀的发生,随着第二相含量增加造成相界面增加,暴露在表面的相界面成为电偶腐蚀发生的位置,因此本研究中镁锌合金的腐蚀以电偶腐蚀以主。显微组织观察发现纯镁的表面腐蚀产物比较疏松,而Zn的加入使镁锌合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀产物变得平整致密,但随着Zn含量的提高,第二相的体积分数上升,腐蚀产物的裂纹增大,造成腐蚀速度上升。     

燃煤电厂污染控制单元对汞释放的控制作用

采用Ontario-Hydro方法和半连续汞排放监测仪,研究了电厂现有污染控制单元,选择还原催化(SCR)、静电除尘(ESP)、烟气脱硫(FGD)对烟气中汞的脱除能力。实验结果表明,在SCR催化剂V2O5/TiO2的作用下,50%以上的Hg0被氧化成Hg2+,但SCR本身不能控制汞释放量;ESP通过对飞灰的捕获直接降低了烟气中颗粒汞的比例;FGD依据Hg2+易溶于水的性质,通过吸收烟气中的Hg2+控制总汞的释放,部分Hg2+和FGD系统中的亚硫酸盐等发生反应,被还原为Hg0,发生了二次汞释放问题,造成脱汞整体效率降低。研究中考察了SCR开闭两种状态下整个系统汞的释放量,发现SCR单元启用时,由于烟气中Hg2+的浓度较高,二次汞释放现象更严重。     

电化学共沉积HA/胶原复合涂层及其生物性能初探

应用电化学恒电流共沉积法在医用纯钛基底上制备羟基磷灰石(HA)/胶原(collagen)复合涂层.SEM和XPS等测试表明:复合涂层呈特定有序的纳-微米二级多孔结构,化学组分为HA和胶原的有机-无机复合.借助体外细胞的培养实验观察种植于不同材料表面的细胞贴壁及生长形态,显示电化学共沉积的复合涂层具有比纯HA或纯钛表面更好的生物相容性.     

用于预测高温高浓度溴化锂溶液中碳钢腐蚀行为的BP神经网络(英文)

本文建立了预测碳钢在LiBr溶液中腐蚀速率的神经网络模型.该模型拟合了碱度,温度,LiBr和Na2MoO4浓度变化对碳钢全面腐蚀速率的影响,可用于准确预测不同温度下,在含有不同缓蚀剂的LiBr溶液中的碳钢腐蚀速率,其预测值和实验值完全吻合,为研究溴冷机中金属材料的腐蚀和现场监测提供了新的思路和方法.     

水杨基荧光酮-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵高灵敏分光光度法测定微量钛

在硫酸介质中,钛与水杨基荧光酮及CTMAB可以形成两种颜色不同的络合物。当水杨基荧光酮过量时,络合物呈红紫色(λmax=540nm);当钛过量时,络合物呈蓝紫色(λmax=610nm)。本文系统研究了红紫色络合物的生成条件及其在测定钛中的应用。试验证明,钛-水杨基荧光酮-CTMAB的红紫色络合物具有较高的灵敏度ε640=1.64*10~5. 常见阳离子中除钨(Ⅵ)以外,绝大部分阳离子均不干扰钛的测定或可用适当掩蔽剂消除干扰。有色溶液在钛含量为0—5生克/25毫升时,遵守比尔定律。本法可以不经任何分离,直接快速测定某些合金钢及纯金属材料(如铝)中的微量钛并得到了比较满意的结果。     

A3钢在氧化亚铁硫杆菌、链霉菌及其混合菌体系中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法和表面分析技术研究了A3钢在链霉菌(Stremptomyces)和氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus fer-rooxidans,T.f)单独及共同作用下的腐蚀行为.结果表明,试样在不同的含菌腐蚀体系中浸泡7d后,表面生成了不均匀的生物膜层,并表现出各不相同的形貌特征;A3钢在氧化亚铁硫杆菌和链霉菌单种菌作用下发生了局部腐蚀,而混合菌体系中的试样发生均匀腐蚀;混合菌体系中A3钢的腐蚀失重速率介于两种菌单独存在时的腐蚀失重速率之间;试样浸泡14d后的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,A3钢电极在氧化亚铁硫杆菌-链霉菌混合菌体系中的阻抗值介于两种单菌腐蚀体系之间.以上研究结果表明,A3钢在链霉菌体系中腐蚀最重,混合菌体系其次,氧化亚铁硫杆菌体系中腐蚀最轻.     

A3钢在链霉菌和诺卡氏菌共同作用下的腐蚀行为

采用腐蚀失重法、电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)和表面分析技术研究了A3钢在链霉菌(Stremptomyces)和诺卡氏菌(Nocardia sp)共同作用下的腐蚀行为. 结果表明, 与单种菌相比, 混合菌作用下试样表面的腐蚀倾向增大, 阻抗值降低, 腐蚀电流密度增加. 浸泡21天后, 混合菌溶液中A3钢的腐蚀失重速率大于两种微生物单独存在时的腐蚀失重速率之和. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明, 混合菌溶液中A3钢表面发生了严重的局部腐蚀, 在链霉菌和诺卡氏菌的共同作用下, A3钢的腐蚀程度加剧.     

质子交换膜燃料电池服役环境对TA1腐蚀行为的影响

选用纯钛(钛金属牌号TA1)为实验基材,通过动电位、恒电位、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和模拟工况测试等方法研究了运行环境(温度、 pH值、气体氛围)和运行工况(电位和模拟工况时长)对其腐蚀行为的影响,并利用光学显微镜(OM)、能量色散X射线能谱(EDX)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、界面接触电阻(ICR)、接触角和表面粗糙度等测试方法,对不同时长模拟工况测试后TA1基材的表面形貌和性能进行了分析.结果表明,运行环境和运行工况对TA1耐蚀性均有影响,在10 h模拟工况测试后, TA1基材表面氧化层的堆积提高了其耐蚀性,腐蚀电流密度从2.62μA/cm²降至0.94μA/cm²;其导电性和疏水性显著降低,与商用碳纸之间的ICR值从31.75mΩ·cm²增加至333.17 mΩ·cm²,接触角从86.28°减小至68.04°.     

pH/Cl-复合探针技术对钢筋混凝土电化学除氯的原位检测

采用恒电流法电化学除氯处理受氯离子污染的钢筋混凝土试样,并用pH/Cl^-复合探针原位检测电化学除氯过程钢筋混凝土不同位置孔隙液的氯离子含量与pH值分布,同时用线性极化曲线和交流阻抗谱图等电化学技术考察钢筋的腐蚀性能,探讨电化学除氯过程的混凝土微环境和钢筋腐蚀速率. 研究结果表明：在电化学除氯过程,混凝土孔隙液的氯离子浓度逐降,而pH值在初期略有升高,随之其pH值略降;电化学除氯施加的阴极电流,使钢筋处于阴极极化状态而得到保护;除氯停止（即退极化）后钢筋的腐蚀电位明显正移,腐蚀电流降低,极化电阻升高,表明电化学除氯能改善钢筋的腐蚀环境,降低钢筋的腐蚀速率.     

2205双相不锈钢沉积氯化钠之高温腐蚀

本文研究表面沉积2 mg/cm2氯化钠的2205双相不锈钢(2205 DSS)在500 vppm NaC(l g)流动气氛加热炉内550~850℃下之高温腐蚀.结果显示,2205 DSS之高温腐蚀动力学遵守)物线定律,腐蚀反应速率随温度的上升而加速.高温腐蚀后生成的腐蚀皮膜结构由外而内依次为Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Cr2O3及FeCr2O4,不同温度下腐蚀生成的皮膜结构并无明显相异,唯850℃之试片于氧化皮膜脱落后,从其表层较容易检测到S iO2及N iO.在双相结构腐蚀顺序实验中,对表面沉积2 mg/cm2氯化钠的试片,其腐蚀顺序与α、γ相无关,为全面性的腐蚀.但于500 vppm NaC l(g)的流动气氛下,虽无法分辨α、γ相的腐蚀顺序,但可发现γ相较α相有较快速腐蚀的现象.     

Potential of zinc based-graphene oxide composite coatings on mild steel in acidic solution

This study introduces varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) as a filler into zinc chromate in forming composite coatings to improve the corrosion protection of mild steel. The purity of synthesized GO was inferred through the application of complementary characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX, and TEM analyses. GO doped zinc chromate coatings were deposited on the surface of mild steel through the brushing method. Electrochemical studies, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PD) were conducted to elucidate the anticorrosion properties of the coated mild steel exposed to 0.5 ​M HCl solution. It was revealed that the highest anticorrosion protection was attained at low doping amount of 0.5% of GO with a corrosion rate of 0.036 mpy. Surface analyses revealed that incorporating GO into zinc chromate coating can effectively improve the anticorrosion properties and adhesion strength.     

Corrosion inhibition of zinc-plated steel in 0.5, 1 and 1.5 M sulphuric acid by poly(ethylene glycol)

The effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 4000 on the corrosion of zinc-plated steel in H₂SO₄ has been investigated over a wide range of conditions. It was found that the corrosion rate depends upon exposure time. The rate of corrosion goes down rapidly to reach a low value, which is an almost constant value within 5 hr under most conditions. This trend was also found by Growock and Lopp for the inhibition of steel corrosion in HCl with 3-phenyl-2-propyl-1-ol. Other workers have linked this slow fall-off in the corrosion rate to film formation. The corrosion rate was found to decrease slowly with increasing PEG concentration, and to increase slowly with acid concentration for all conditions. The effect of temperature on corrosion rate was found to be similar to that of acid concentration. The corrosion rate decreased exponentially with poly(ethylene glycol) concentration. The percentage inhibition reached a value of 48.93 for a PEG concentration of 4 ppm: to double this, the concentration had to be increased to 40,000 ppm. Sulphuric acid titration against sodium hydroxide showed no change in acid concentration during the corrosion protection process, thus supporting the film protection theory     

Preparation of YSZ Coated AISI-Type 316L Stainless Steel by the Sol-Gel Coating Method and Its Corrosion Behavior in Molten Carbonate

The effect of heat-treatment conditions on the corrosion behavior of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coated AISI-type 316L stainless steels in molten carbonate are investigated. YSZ films on stainless steel were prepared by the sol-gel method. While the sample heat-treated at 800°C for 2 hours in air has an uneven surface microstructure with macrocracks, a YSZ coated sample heat-treated in argon has an even microstructure. The polarization resistance and corrosion rate of YSZ coated sample heat-treated in air were deteriorated from 6.948 cm² and 364.7 mpy (millimeter per year) to 3.291 cm² and 769.8 mpy, respectively, by the corrosion for 100 hours due to its poor surface microstructures. At the same experimental condition, meanwhile, those corrosion parameters of YSZ coated sample heat-treated in argon were 15.43 cm² and 164.2 mpy, respectively, and those were improved to 18.83 cm² and 134.6 mpy after the corrosion for 100 hours. This is attributed to the YSZ film with well developed surface microstructures. The concentration profiles of elements and X-ray diffractograms indicate that the oxide layer of YSZ coated sample heat-treated in argon had a triple layer structure composed of outer YSZ film, in between Fe₂O₃ layer, and inner chromium rich layer during corrosion.     

A sustainable method of mitigating acid corrosion of mild steel using jackfruit pectin (JP) as green inhibitor: Theoretical and electrochemical studies

This study is attempted to develop a green corrosion inhibitor from a waste material of Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). This method is therefore quite valuable to health, environment, and economic point of view. Pectin is isolated from the jackfruit peel waste using 0.05 ?N oxalic acid and used as an inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in acidic environment as it is highly water soluble. 250–1000 ?ppm of pectin was used in this study at a temperature range of 303–323 ?K. The protection efficiency of jack fruit pectin (JP) in 0.5 ?M HCl was evaluated by conventional weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The potentiodynamic polarization results revealed that JP could effectively reduce the corrosion of mild steel in acidic medium at 1000 ?ppm concentration with an inhibition efficiency of 89.75% and corrosion rate of 2.392 mpy. The mixed type behavior of the inhibitor is identified from Tafel polarization studies. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements suggest that the corrosion inhibition process is kinetically controlled. adsorption and kinetic behavior of the inhibitor also have been studied. Surface manifestations were followed using FESEM and AFM techniques. DFT calculations and Monte Carlo simulations were also carried out to corroborate the experimental results with theoretical outputs and succeeded to a great extent.     

Corrosion behaviour of aluminium in the presence of neutrons and gamma radiations

The corrosion of aluminium has been studied employing the irradiation in situ by neutrons from²⁵²Cf and gamma radiations from⁶⁰Co. The effects of irradiation indicated the absence of pitting, suppression of the corrosion rate, i. e., quantitative reduction in corrosion when measured as weight loss as compared with unirradiated specimens. A protective grayish layer had emerged on the specimen surface which was akin to that formed in simulated experimental conditions carried out in presence of hydrogen peroxide. The possible mechanisms of the elimination of pitting and formation of grayish layer on the surface are discussed.     

Second derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of cobalt, nickel and iron using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol

A simple, sensitive and rapid derivative spectrophotometric method using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) has been developed for simultaneous determination of Co(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) which have very similar chemical behavior and appear together in many real samples. The complexes of all these metal ions with 5-Br-PADAP were formed immediately at pH 7.0 ammonium acetate buffered solution and were stable for at least 24 h. Second derivative spectra were selected for evaluation, because working wavelength determination was more precise and spectral overlap was less than in the ordinary and first derivative spectra. Three wavelengths at which the complexes exhibit extremum ²D values for Co(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) were selected as analytical wavelengths, i.e., 640, 600 and 740 nm, respectively. Calibration curves drawn with zero-to-peak values at mentioned wavelengths were linear between 80 and 2000 ng ml⁻¹ for each metal ion. Concentrations of Co(II) and Ni(II) were calculated from the total ²D values and the sum of the linear equations for these three cations at 640 and 600 nm, after Fe(II) assay by making use of the ²D value at 740 nm. Limits of detection (LOD) for Co(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) were 2.7, 13.9 and 3.0 ng ml⁻¹, respectively. The method has been applied to tool steel and heater resistance wire samples successfully.     

Evaluation of modulators and electron-capture detectors for comprehensive two-dimensional GC of halogenated organic compounds

Different cryogenic and a heated GC x GC modulator(s) were evaluated and compared for the analysis of high-boiling halogenated compounds. The cryogenic modulators investigated were: (i) the longitudinally modulated cryogenic system; (ii) the liquid-nitrogen-cooled jet modulator (KT2001); (iii) a dual-jet CO2 modulator (made in-house); (iv) a semi-rotating cryogenic modulator (made in-house) and (v) a CO2 loop modulator (KT2003); the heated modulator was the slotted heater system (sweeper). Each modulator was optimised with respect to analyte peak widths at half height in the second-dimension. n-Alkanes, chlorinated alkanes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and fluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (F-PAHs) were used as test analytes. The flow rate of the coolant was found to be an important parameter, i.e. the flow rate of the gaseous nitrogen in the KT2001, and of the liquid CO2 in the other cryogenic modulators. For the slotted heater the stroke velocity and pause time were important parameters. This modulator had a limited application range in terms of temperature due to a necessary 100 degrees C difference between sweeper and oven temperature. All cryogenic modulators were found to be suitable for the GC x GC analysis of high-boiling compounds, but the CO2 modulators are to be preferred to the KT2001 due to a wider application range and slightly narrower peaks. As regards the performance of three commercially available electron-capture detectors (ECDs), the aim was to obtain narrow peak widths in GC x GC, i.e. to avoid band broadening caused by the cell volume. The most important parameters were the flow rate of the make-up gas and the detector temperature which both should be as high as possible. Comparison of analyte peak widths obtained with ECD mode and flame ionisation detection (FID) showed that all ECDs exhibited band broadening compared to the FID. The narrowest peaks were obtained with the Agilent micro-ECD, which has a cell volume of only 150 microl.     

Ballistic Impact Behaviour of Glass/Epoxy Composite Laminates Embedded with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wires

This paper aims to estimate the enhancement in the energy absorption characteristics of the glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRP) by embedding prestrained pseudo-elastic shape memory alloy (SMA) that was used as a secondary reinforcement. The pseudo-elastic SMA (PE-SMA) embedded were in the form of wires and have an equiatomic composition (i.e., 50%–50%) of nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti). These specimens are fabricated using a vacuum-assisted resin infusion process. The estimation is done for the GFRP and SMA/GFRP specimens at four different impact velocities (65, 75, 85, and 103 m/s) using a gas-gun impact set-up. At all different impact velocities, the failure modes change as we switch from GFRP to SMA/GFRP specimen. In the SMA/GFRP specimen, the failure mode changed from delamination in the primary region to SMA-pull out and SMA deformation. This leads to an increase in the ballistic limit. It is observed that energy absorbed by SMA/GFRP specimens is higher than the GFRP specimens subjected to the same levels of impact energy. To understand the damping capabilities of SMA embedment, vibration signals are captured, and the damping ratio is calculated. SMA dampens the vibrations imparted by the projectile to the specimen. The damping ratio of the SMA/GFRP specimens is higher than the GFRP specimens. The damping effect is more prominent below the ballistic limit when the projectile got rebounded (65 m/s).     

磷酸体系中有机膦酸类缓蚀剂的鉴定及其电喷雾质谱研究

利用^1H、^13C-NMR和ESI-MS(-Q)等方法对1种新型磷酸体系清洗剂中的有机膦酸类缓蚀剂进行了分析,结果表明该缓蚀剂为羟基乙叉二膦酸和2-羟基膦基乙酸,同时利用ESI-MS(-Q)的多级电离技术对这两种有机膦酸在软电离条件下的碎裂行为进行了研究。     

电化学法评估Ti-6Al-4V合金表面氧化膜之特性

Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金因具有低密度,高强度,成为航太及生医方面重要使用的材料。此合金因表面层形成氧化膜的特性,更可广泛地应用于要求较高材料性能的环境上。近年来,更由于Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金接近于人体骨骼的轻质结构,大量使用于骨料手术植入物。本研究即针对此种钛合金表面在盐酸及硫酸中的腐蚀及耐蚀行为进行评估。实验中,配合直流定电压及极化曲线扫描,观察出随时间而电流值增加之变化情况。此外,进行交流阻抗测