线弹簧模型法在含表面裂纹球壳中的应用

本文应用线弹簧模型法,基于Sih.G.C.含二维裂纹球壳理论建立了含表面裂纹球壳的控制方程,采用数值方法选取位移试函数及合理地处理了对偶奇异积分方程使计算大为简化,通过电算实现了计算求解过程,从而获得了球壳表面裂纹前沿各点的应力强度因子之值。 最后将计算结果与考虑“膨胀效应”后的Ncwoun-Raju 解进行了比较,同时研究了曲率因素对表面裂纹线弹性断裂性态的影响。     

疲劳载荷下的裂纹张开位移

自Wells提出裂纹张开位移〔COD〕概念以来,作为一种工程断裂准则,在结构的断裂分析中已经得到了广泛的应用。然而,由于实际裂纹顶端张开位移〔CTOD〕难于直接测量,现在所用的方法多数是在塑性铰的假设模型下,测量裂纹咀张开位移〔CMOD〕,再换算成名义裂纹张开位移的。当然,在较大范围屈服的情况下,作为近似,这种假设是成功的。在疲劳载荷下,裂纹顶端的塑性区通常很小,塑性铰模型将不能正确地描叙裂纹顶端的张开位移。本文所探讨的就是测量和计算小范围屈服下裂纹顶端张开位移的方法。     

聚碳酸酯板裂纹顶端的弹塑性研究

本文研究了聚碳酸酯板的延性断裂特征;提出了修正的强化Dugdale条带屈服模型,并用实验-数值计算混合法确定了强化弹塑性材料裂纹顶端附近的应力场参数.实验测定结果与理论等色线,计算的裂纹前沿塑性区长度相符合.由此,验证了所提出的修正强化Dugdale条带屈服模型的合理性.     

用裂纹张开位移全场拟合法求应力强度因子-边裂纹问题

从一组给定的的裂纹张开位移（COD）资料求应力强度因子（SIF）的好方法应具有以下特征：（1）这个方法应最大限度地利用已知的COD信息；（2）数值计算只包含位移量；（3）后处理简单；（4）所得到的SIF的误差可由COD资料本身的误差来估计。该文将求内裂纹SIF的COD全场拟合法扩充应用到边裂纹问题，该方法具有上述优点。对几种典型的边裂纹用边界元法得到的COD资料，用这种方法得到了可靠性高、一致性好的SIF，其计算精度与所用的COD资料的平均精度具有相同的量级。     

弯载下中长圆柱壳表面裂纹的线弹簧模型解

针对含环向表面裂纹的中长圆柱壳,基于薄壳半膜力理论和线弹簧模型,导出了其在弯载作用下的解析解,并给出了相应的表面裂纹前缘的应力强度因子的计算公式以及表面裂纹存在对整个圆柱壳柔度的影响的表达式。研究表明,对于中长圆柱壳中的较长裂纹,裂纹前缘最深点处的应力强度因子对裂纹前缘的形状并不敏感;相应的数值计算结果表明,本文的解与有限元结果的误差不超过3%。     

裂纹表面承受均布载荷时的应力强度因子及裂纹张开位移的边界配…

本文针对裂纹表面承受载荷时的应力条件，提出了新的应力函数，对于各种裂纹模型，各种边界条件，各种边界形状，裂纹表面自由或承受均布载荷等均适用。并利用边界配位法，计算了裂纹表面承受均布载荷的方型板内中心裂纹的应力强度因子及裂纹的张开位移。     

扭力轴三维裂纹扩展寿命仿真研究

对疲劳载荷谱作用下三维表面裂纹,采用双重边界元理论求解裂纹前沿的应力应变场,运用Forman理论、最小应变能密度法和Elber模型,计算裂纹前沿各点的扩展长度、扩展方向和应力强度因子等特征量.根据增量步下裂纹几何形状的改变,对裂纹面进行网格重划分和迭代计算,模拟三维裂纹的扩展,预测裂纹扩展寿命.扭力轴表面裂纹扩展的仿真结果表明该方法合理可行.     

表面钝裂纹的计算模型及其边界元法模拟

研究了表面钝裂纹问题的边界元模拟方法。文中通过平面应变比拟，建立了三维钝型纹的计算模型和局部场结构；并由三维边界元程序计算了表面钝裂纹前沿附近的位移场和应力场；进而利用裂纹面前沿的“张开位移”推算应力强度因子的分布文中的钝裂纹模型的有效性和离散格式的收敛性进行了考核，应力强度因子计算针对含表面裂纹的平板进行。     

考虑闭合效应和三维应力约束的表面裂纹扩展模拟

假定承受Ⅰ型常幅载荷下的表面裂纹在扩展中的形状保持为半椭圆,利用Newman半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算应力强度因子。提出了等效厚度的概念,利用穿透直裂纹的研究结果,考虑表面裂纹扩展中塑性致闭和三维应力约束效应。基于Elber模型建立了三维表面裂纹扩展模型。数值模拟了表面裂纹扩展过程,研究了裂纹形状变化及规律,计算了裂纹扩展寿命。将计算结果与有关试验结果进行了对比,吻合较好。     

一种用于计算含裂纹旋转壳动态特性的模型

本文用“含裂纹单元”模型（在垂直于裂纹面方向的单元尺度为零），求解含裂纹旋转壳的振动问题。同时给出了相应结构的实验数据，数值计算的结果和实验分析的结果具有很好的一致性。     

裂纹在冲击载荷作用下起裂的临界载荷面

采用有限元方法研究裂纹在I型短脉冲载荷作用下应力强度因子随时间的变化 ,用应力强度因子的初始上升时间Tr 对时间坐标无量纲化 ,对应力强度因子初始上升段进行曲线拟合 ,得到了上升段的曲线表达式。运用简单弹性梁理论和Lagrangian运动方程 ,获得载荷与时间对裂纹作用的关系式 ,结合有限元的结果 ,得到了上升时间Tr 的计算表达式 ,并进一步推出了裂纹在冲击载荷作用下起裂的临界载荷面。     

The line spring model with arbitrary loads on crack surfaces and its applications in thermal shock analysis

In this paper the line spring model taking account of arbitrary loads on crack surfaces, and the corresponding constitutive relations, are proposed. The general expressions of the additional outfield loads, which are equivalent to the distributed loads on crack surfaces, are derived. The model is used to compute stress intensity factors in a hollow cylinder with an axial surface crack subjected to thermal shock. Several results of calculations are presented and discussed.     

基于等效弹簧模型的裂纹Euler-Bernoulli梁弯曲变形分析

考虑裂纹的缝隙效应,研究了开闭裂纹Euler-Bernoulli梁的弯曲变形．首先,将裂纹等效为内部旋转弹簧,利用广义函数,给出了考虑裂纹缝隙影响的Euler-Bernoulli梁的等效抗弯刚度,推导了具有任意数目开闭裂纹梁弯曲变形的显式通解．在此基础上,研究了均布载荷作用下上侧单裂纹简支梁以及裂纹处承受集中力和集中力偶共同作用的固支梁的弯曲变形,分析了梁长细比、裂纹深度和位置以及载荷等对裂纹开闭状态和梁弯曲变形的影响。结果表明：梁挠度分布在裂纹处存在尖点,而转角分布存在跳跃;梁挠度与载荷的响应关系一般为双折线形式,分别对应于裂纹的张开和闭合状态;且裂纹张开时,裂纹梁的柔度随着梁长细比的增加和裂纹深度的减小而减小。这些结果对梁裂纹无损检测具有指导意义．     

圆盘状裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸及张开位移估计

将Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ模型推广到三维裂纹问题计算了圆盘状裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸,并结合断裂力学中的Ｂａｒｅｎｂｌａｔｔ－Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ裂纹模型和三维Ｊ－积分原理计算了圆盘状裂纹前缘张开位移,得到了Ｊ－积分与裂纹张开位移的关系,最后用非线性有限元方法对圆盘状裂纹的前缘塑性区尺寸作了数值分析,确定了公式中的未知常数,并对其正确性作了数值验证,本文的工作推广了Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ模型的应用范围。     

Crack growth in hydraulic rock fracturing

Various mining processes involve the injection of liquid under pressure into existing or newlyproduced points; examples are hydraulic fracturing in oil, fracturing in coal seams, and oil displacement at elevated pressures [1, 2]. Studies have been made [3, 4] of vertical and horizontal crack growth in response to a noninfiltrating liquid. In those cases, the actual pressure distribution in a joint was replaced by the statically equivalent uniform pressure on part of the joint surface. Here we propose a treatment that handles such topics reasonably effectively and does not involve the assumption of uniform pressure distribution. A system of equations has been derived for a vertical symmetrical crack to define the Cauchy problem for the crack volume. The quasistatic equilibrium condition for the crack and the solution are very much simplified if a system of mobile elliptical coordinates related to the crack is used. An analogous approach has been used in examining the growth of a circular horizontal crack.     

含环向表面裂纹圆柱壳的波传播特性研究

研究了振动波在含有环向表面裂纹的无限长圆柱壳中的传播特性.圆柱壳体的振动用Flügge方程来描述.运用线弹性断裂力学的理论,考虑到裂纹的张开、滑移和撕裂3种模式以及它们相互之间的耦合,利用分布的线弹簧来模拟裂纹并建立了裂纹所在区域的局部柔度矩阵,得到由此引起的附加位移和壳体中内力之间的关系.在入射波已知的情况下,根据裂纹两侧区域的位移和内力的连续性条件得到了反射和透射波的幅值系数.分析了入射波通过裂纹后的透射、反射系数与激励频率和裂纹尺寸之间的关系.为基于振动功率流方法识别圆柱壳表面损伤提供了理论基础.     

Crack buckling in soft gels under compression

Recent interest in designing soft gels with high fracture toughness has called for simple and robust methods to test fracture behavior. The conventional method of applying tension to a gel sample suffers from a difficulty of sample gripping. In this paper, we study a possible fracture mechanism of soft gels under uni-axial compression. We show that the surfaces of a pre-existing crack, oriented parallel to the loading axis, can buckle at a critical compressive stress. This buckling instability can open the crack surfaces and create highly concentrated stress fields near the crack tip, which can lead to crack growth. We show that the onset of crack buckling can be deduced by a dimensional argument com- bined with an analysis to determine the critical compression needed to induce surface instabilities of an elastic half space. The critical compression for buckling was verified for a neo-Hookean material model using finite element simulations.     

Crack tip field in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic media

This paper considers the magnetoelectroelastic problem of a crack in a medium possessing coupled piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and magnetoelectric effects. Based on the extended Stroh formalism, the general two-dimensional solutions to the magnetoelectroelastic problem are obtained, involving five analytic functions of different variables. The magnetoelectroelastic field around the crack tip is given. It contains five modes of square root singularities. Expressions of the stresses, electric displacements and magnetic inductions in the vicinity of the crack tip are derived and the field intensity factors are provided. The path-independent conservative integral is derived. The energy release rate is written in terms of those field intensity factors. The explicit algebraic results are given for a special case of an anti-plane crack in a magnetoelectroelastic medium.     

Closed-form weight function for edge crack problems

An accurate crack surface opening displacement formula for edge cracks in finite bodies has been derived, and was subsequently used to develop wide-range closed-form weight functions for edge cracks. The analytical weight function is general and can be easily used to determine accurate stress intensity factors and crack surface opening displacements for arbitrarily loaded edge cracks with high efficiency. Examples have been given for problems of edge crack(s) with a number of typical load conditions for illustration.     

悬臂梁中开闭裂纹的损伤识别

利用裂纹诱导弦挠度函数,建立了悬臂Euler-Bernoulli中开闭裂纹位置、深度、初始张开角等损伤参数的识别方法.为此,首先将梁中开闭裂纹等效为单向扭转弹簧,给出了考虑裂纹缝隙效应的裂纹梁等效抗弯刚度,并得到悬臂Euler-Bernoulli开闭裂纹梁弯曲挠度的显式闭合解及裂纹诱导弦挠度函数,证明了裂纹诱导弦挠度的...