血液中溴敌隆的液相色谱-质谱联用分析

溴敌隆为第一代抗凝血杀鼠剂,由于其中毒潜伏期长（3～5d）,体内检测有一定难度。特别是中毒者经过抢救以后,溴敌隆在其体内的含量降低,因此需要采用高灵敏度的方法进行检测。对生物检材中溴敌隆的分析国内外均有报道,样品处理多为有机溶剂提取,高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定。谭家镒等采用GDX403大孔树脂提取和紫外吸收光谱导数法进行了测定。有关高效液相色谱-质谱联用（HPLC-MS）测定的方法未见报道。     

高效液相色谱法对谷类食物中4种茚满二酮类鼠药的同时测定

建立了能同时检测谷类食物中杀鼠酮、异杀鼠酮、敌鼠、氯敌鼠的高效液相色谱分析法。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH=5．5）中用乙醇一乙酸乙酯（体积比5：95）作萃取剂,通过正交试验优化提取条件,在ZORBAX SB C18柱（250mm×4．6mmi．d．,5μm）上以磷酸盐缓冲液（pH=6．3）、乙腈、甲醇组成的流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,紫外检测。结果表明,杀鼠酮、异杀鼠酮在0．25～50．0mg／L,敌鼠、氯敌鼠在0．50～100mg／L均具有良好的线性,其相关系数均大于0．9993;杀鼠酮和异杀鼠酮的检出限均为0．1mg／L,敌鼠和氯敌鼠的检出限均为0．2mg／L;4种鼠药的回收率为80％～95％;RSD均小于8．0％。该法适用于谷类食物中茚满二酮类鼠药残留的检测。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定生物体液中的痕量敌鼠和氯敌鼠

建立了中毒应急检测样品生物体液内痕量敌鼠和氯敌鼠的高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱定性定量检测方法。全血样品由甲醇/乙腈(50/50, v/v)沉淀蛋白后再经Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化富集,尿液样品直接经同类小柱净化富集。采用Extend C18柱分离,以乙酸铵-乙酸(0.02 mol/L, pH 5.5)缓冲溶液和甲醇(15/85, v/v)溶液为流动相,使用电喷雾电离负离子多反应监测模式检测敌鼠和氯敌鼠。对全血样品,敌鼠和氯敌鼠分别在1.0～200.0 μg/L和0.5～100.0 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,回收率分别在90.1%～92.2%和87.6%～93.4%范围内,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于6.8%和7.1%,日间RSD分别小于9.9%和10.9%,定量限分别为1.0 μg/L和0.5 μg/L。对尿液样品,敌鼠和氯敌鼠分别在0.2～ 40.0 μg/L和0.1～20.0 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,回收率分别在90.1%～94.5%和90.0%～ 98.0%范围内,日内RSD分别小于6.1%和7.3%,日间RSD分别小于8.9%和11.2%,定量限分别为0.2 μg/L和0.1 μg/L。本方法简便、灵敏,能满足敌鼠和氯敌鼠中毒病人的临床快速诊断要求。     

肝中茚满二酮类杀鼠剂固相萃取-紫外导数光谱检测法

报道了肝中敌鼠，氯敌鼠，杀鼠酮三种茚满二酮类杀鼠剂的题示检测方法。肝匀浆先用乙腈或二甲基甲酰胺浸提，浸提液用６％高氯酸溶液或０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠溶液稀释，然后加入ＧＤＸ１０１大孔树脂萃取，肝中杀鼠剂萃取率约８０％，检出限为１μｇ／ｇ以下     

导数分光光度法测定毒饵中的敌鼠钠

用紫外二阶导数分光光度法测定毒饵中敌鼠钠含量。当样品中含有0.4g·L-1、2g·L-1敌鼠钠时平均回收率为96.8%。标准曲线范围为1～5mg·L-1,相关系数为0.9998,相对标准偏差为0.6%～2.2%,检出限为0.15mg·L-1。     

紫外分光光度法测定土壤中五氯酚

土壤样品经氢氧化钠提取后,其中不易溶于水的五氯酚以易溶于水的五氯酚钠形式被提取出来,采用紫外分光光度法测定土壤中五氯酚的含量。考察了介质的pH值、固液比及提取时间对测定的影响。在优化的试验条件下,五氯酚钠的质量浓度在40 mg.L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.023 mg.L-1。用此方法测定土壤中五氯酚含量,加标回收率为94.4%～104.7%。     

高效液相色谱法测定除草剂中二氯喹啉酸的含量

本文报道酸抑制反相色谱法测定除草剂中二氯喹啉酸的含量，该法采用ＰＣ８－１０／Ｓ２５０４（４．０ｍｍｉ．ｄ．×２５０ｍｍ，１０μｍ）柱，以甲醇－０．１％醋酸为流动相，紫外检测波长为２４０ｎｍ，０．０８ＡＵＦＳ，以２，４－二硝基氯苯为内标物，样品用四氢呋喃提取，该法灵敏度及回收率高，结果定量准确，操作简便可靠。     

二阶导数紫外分光光度法测定面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰

用铁粉与盐酸反应产生的原子态氢将面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰还原成苯甲酸,用乙醚提取,采用二阶导数紫外分光光度法测定其含量,过氧化苯甲酰的检出限是1．0μg/mL,回收率为94％～106％,其测量精密度优于国家标准GB／T5009—1996色谱法,与校正曲线法相当。     

气相色谱-电子捕获检测法直接测定水产动物组织中五氯苯酚及其钠盐

建立了不经衍生直接测定水产动物组织中五氯苯酚及其钠盐残留量的气相色谱-电子捕获检测(GC-ECD)方法.目标化合物在酸性条件下转化成五氯苯酚后用正己烷提取,硫酸磺化法净化,浓缩和定容后测定.方法的线性范围为0.5～400 μg/L,相关系数为0.9978;草鱼和虾空白肌肉组织中添加五氯苯酚的质量浓度分别为0.4、2.0...     

分光光度法测定二氢乳清酸酶酶活的比较

分别采用紫外分光光度法测定二氢乳清酸(DHO)的减少量、PDAB显色法测定N-氨甲酰-天冬氨酸(CA-asp)的生成量来测定二氢乳清酸酶酶活,并对两种方法进行了比较。结果表明紫外分光光度法和PDAB显色法均有良好的回收率,分别为99.4%～101.2%、98.0%～101.3%。但由于PDAB显色法的检测范围为0.05～1.00g/L,较紫外法的检测范围0.05～0.30g/L更为宽泛,仪器要求低,便于实际操作。因此,采用PDAB显色法测定二氢乳清酸酶酶活较为方便。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.