激光调制参数对光纤环型谐振腔光谱特性影响

谐振光学环型腔作为光学陀螺的核心敏感单元,其光学调制谱和与之对应的鉴频曲线的特性成为提高光学陀螺系统检测灵敏度的关键。为了研究光学陀螺的调制和鉴频谱线特性,优化陀螺性能,设计并搭建了实验测试系统,光纤环形谐振腔采用分光比为50∶50、直径17 cm的保偏光纤,总长2.2 m。使用直流高压放大器扫描窄线宽激光器（线宽小于1 kHz）的压电转化模块,扫描频率和电压分别选取20 Hz和1 V,使用模拟比例积分电路进行锁频并反馈给激光器的压电转化模块,使激光器的输出频率跟踪谐振腔实时变化。研究分析了光纤环型谐振腔在两种情况下所对应的透射谱和鉴频曲线：第一种情况为调制电压分别为2 V和4 V,对应调制频率从100 kHz到4 MHz变化;第二种情况为当调制频率为900 kHz,调制电压从2 V到10 V变化。通过实验,得到了不同调制参数下光学陀螺谱线的谐振深度、半高全宽、线性带宽、动态范围、品质因数、标度因数以及对应的锁频精度七种物理量的详细变化情况,并进一步得到了静态测试条件下三种陀螺的最佳调制频率及与之所匹配的调制电压。为进一步研究激光调制对光纤环型谐振腔光谱的影响提供指导。     

激光调制参数对光纤环型谐振腔光谱特性影响（英文）

谐振光学环型腔作为光学陀螺的核心敏感单元,其光学调制谱和与之对应的鉴频曲线的特性成为提高光学陀螺系统检测灵敏度的关键。为了研究光学陀螺的调制和鉴频谱线特性,优化陀螺性能,设计并搭建了实验测试系统,光纤环形谐振腔采用分光比为50∶50、直径17cm的保偏光纤,总长2.2m。使用直流高压放大器扫描窄线宽激光器(线宽小于1kHz)的压电转化模块,扫描频率和电压分别选取20Hz和1V,使用模拟比例积分电路进行锁频并反馈给激光器的压电转化模块,使激光器的输出频率跟踪谐振腔实时变化。研究分析了光纤环型谐振腔在两种情况下所对应的透射谱和鉴频曲线:第一种情况为调制电压分别为2V和4V,对应调制频率从100kHz到4 MHz变化;第二种情况为当调制频率为900kHz,调制电压从2V到10V变化。通过实验,得到了不同调制参数下光学陀螺谱线的谐振深度、半高全宽、线性带宽、动态范围、品质因数、标度因数以及对应的锁频精度七种物理量的详细变化情况,并进一步得到了静态测试条件下三种陀螺的最佳调制频率及与之所匹配的调制电压。为进一步研究激光调制对光纤环型谐振腔光谱的影响提供指导。     

光纤环形谐振腔的频率锁定及其特性

基于可调分束比的光纤分束器,制作了光纤环形谐振腔并通过调节分束比实现了对光纤环形谐振腔的欠耦合、临界耦合和过耦合的状态控制.实验测量了腔最小反射率与腔损耗之间的关系,获得光纤环形谐振腔的腔内衰减率为κ_0=2π×(1.60±0.03) MHz ,品质因子为Q=(1.10±0.02)×10.8.在此基础上,结合了压电陶瓷拉伸光纤以控制腔长和Pound-Drever-Hall锁频两大技术优势,克服了之前温度反馈控制等方法的反馈带宽窄、噪声大和稳定性差等问题,实现了对光纤环形谐振腔共振频率的快速、灵敏的控制和锁定.结果表明,锁频过程中相位调制功率与相位调制引起腔反射光的强度调制之间的关系为线性关系,进而通过降低相位调制信号的功率以减小相位调制对腔反射光强度调制的影响.当调制功率设定最低为–9 dBm时,光纤环形谐振腔仍能被稳定锁定.该光纤环形谐振腔为其与原子、金刚石色心等发光粒子相互作用的腔量子电动力学实验研究奠定了坚实的基础.     

矩形折射率调制型薄膜长周期光纤光栅特性研究

镀膜长周期光纤光栅传感器是目前光纤光栅传感研究的一个热点,但关于此类传感器模型的全面的理论分析目前还很少。本文基于严格的四层模型,从理论上对芯层折射率调制为矩形波调制的薄膜长周期光纤光栅的特性进行了详细的分析。在充分考虑材料色散对光纤芯层和包层的影响后,对薄膜参数、占空比和环境折射率的变化对镀膜长周期光纤光栅的谱特性的影响进行了数值研究。研究结果表明,薄膜参数对透射谱有重要影响,合理设计薄膜厚度可以获得较佳的损耗峰。研究还发现,镀膜后占空比对透射谱的影响减小,而对环境折射率变化的敏感度增加。在占空比为0.5时光栅具有最大的损耗峰值。     

谐振腔光纤陀螺光纤谐振环特性研究

对有限光源线宽情况下反射式光纤谐振环的响应特性进行了研究,得到了光纤谐振环各谐振特性参量的表示式.分析了特性参量与光源线宽和耦合器特性的关系,结合对方波调制谐振腔光纤陀螺极限灵敏度的分析,给出了设计高灵敏度谐振腔光纤陀螺光纤谐振环的要求和原则.进行了谐振腔光纤陀螺用光纤谐振环的实验研究,制作了适用于谐振腔光纤陀螺的高精细度和高谐振深度光纤谐振环.     

谐振腔光纤陀螺相位调制复位误差影响的研究

对数字相位斜波调制中2π复位误差对谐振腔光纤陀螺（R-FOG）的影响进行了研究.结果表明,相位复位误差将会导致R-FOG输出光强信号的波动,光强波动周期等于相位斜波复位周期.反射输出光强的波动在相位斜波的前后半周期明显不同,前后半周期输出光强平均值的差异与复位误差的大小和方向相关.提出了一种相位调制复位误差的消除方法,利用前后半周期平均光强差作误差信号,反馈控制相位调制通道增益,可实现复位误差的消除.     

光纤频率调制光谱技术中残余幅度调制特性的研究

频率调制光谱(FMS)技术不仅可以用来同时测量原子和分子的吸收和色散,还是噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱(NICE-OHMS)的关键技术,由于光纤器件的引入或光源输出光的偏振态不稳定等因素会诱发残余幅度调制(RAM),RAM的产生使得FMS技术在痕量气体检测中的应用受到极大的限制,因此研究光纤FMS中RAM的特性具有非常重要的意义。研究首先通过理论分析了无吸收时的FMS信号的线型及RAM的影响因素,实验测量无吸收时输入偏振方向和输出偏振方向及电光调制器(EOM)温度对光纤FMS中RAM的影响,均与RAM存在线型关系,验证了理论分析结果,并为RAM的抑制工作以及基于RAM的其他应用提供了依据。     

激光输入光纤环形腔内相位调制输出功率谱分析

从理论上详细分析了光纤环形腔有内相位调制时的输出光电流功率谱密度函数，该理论对任意相干长度的输入激光光源都是有效的。理论结果和实验数据表明，过快的相位调制能够平坦光电流功率谱上由于环形腔谐振特性而形成的周期性小峰，而弱相位调制对环形腔输出功率谱则影响不大。     

电光调制器输入端光纤温度对光纤频率调制光谱影响的研究

激光光谱技术由于其高灵敏、高分辨、可在线检测等优点被广泛的应用与痕量气体探测领域,而频率调制光谱(FMS)技术由于其除了探测灵敏度高的优点外且可同时探测气体样品的吸收和色散,通常还被应用于原子分子物理、量子光学等领域。发展全光纤FMS可以在保持气体探测灵敏度的同时有效简化实验装置,然而FMS是一项偏振态敏感技术,光纤温度变化等引起不适当的偏振态变化会诱发残余幅度调制(RAM),该RAM不仅使FMS线型扭曲,同时对其色散信号产生直流偏置,因此研究光纤温度对RAM特性的影响具有非常重要的意义。研究首先通过理论和实验验证了相位可控波片模型解释保偏光纤特性的可行性,然后实验测量了进入电光调制器(EOM)前保偏光纤温度对RAM的影响,发现由RAM引起的色散光谱直流偏置随温度呈正弦变化,且在24和26.8 ℃时直流偏置为零,即无RAM的状态,然而基于温度的直接RAM消除无法替代Wong-Hall提出的伺服反馈控制来实现其长期抑制,这种温度诱发RAM的变化也是所有FMS色散信号背景漂移的主要原因。     

反射面形状对光纤位移传感器光强调制特性的影响

为了分析反射面形状对单模光纤照射的光纤位移传感器光强调制特性的影响,建立了反射面不为平面时的光强调制特性函数模型.该模型基于单模光纤出射光场为修正近似高斯分布假设,通过引入反射面形状因子,分析了反射面形状因子对光强调制特性的影响规律.仿真结果表明,随着凹形反射面曲率半径值的增大,传感器特性曲线的前坡无显著变化,而后坡灵敏度增大,线性范围减小;随着凸形反射面曲率半径值的增大,传感器特性曲线的前坡仍无显著变化,而后坡灵敏度减小,线性范围增大;当曲率半径增大的一定值时,反射面的非平面性影响较小,其作用趋近于平面.     

Actively mode-locked fiber ring laser by intermodal acousto-optic modulation

We report an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser. A simple and low-insertion-loss acousto-optic modulator driven by standing flexural waves, which couples core-to-cladding modes in a standard single-mode optical fiber, is used as an active mechanism for mode locking. Among the remarkable features of the modulator, we mention its high modulation depth (72%), broad bandwidth (187 GHz), easy tunability in the optical wavelength, and low insertion losses (0.7 dB). The narrowest optical pulses obtained were of 95 ps time width, 21 mW peak power, repetition rate of 4.758 MHz, and 110 mW of pump power.     

Semiconductor nanowire ring resonator laser

Nanowires of the wide band-gap semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN) have been shown to act as room-temperature uv lasers. Recent advances in nanomanipulation have made it possible to modify the shape of these structures from a linear to a pseudoring conformation. Changes to the optical boundary conditions of the lasing cavity affect the structure's photoluminescence, photon confinement, and lasing as a function of ring diameter. For a given cavity, ring-mode redshifting is observed to increase with decreasing ring diameter. Significant shifts, up to 10 nm for peak emission values, are observed during optical pumping of a ring resonator nanolaser compared to its linear counterpart. The shifting appears to result from conformational changes of the cavity rather than effects such as band-gap renormalization, allowing the mode spacing and position to be tuned with the same nanowire gain medium.     

Optical fiber ring resonator characterization by optical time-domain reflectometry

A novel method for characterization of optical fiber resonators by an optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) technique is reported. This easy-to-use technique yields accurate results for cavity lengths ranging from a few meters to several kilometers. A simple relationship is established between the round-trip cavity loss and the position where the OTDR signal is maximum. The value obtained for the round-trip cavity loss turns out to be quite insensitive to uncertainties in the determination of the OTDR maximum position.     

Fabrication of tapered fiber based ring resonator

Tapered fiber based ring resonators are fabricated and its optical characteristic is investigated in detail. The ring resonator is fabricated by coiling the tapered fiber, which is firstly made by heating and stretching a piece of optical fiber, after the polymer protective cladding has been removed The comb filter with a constant free spectral range (FSR) and the maximum extinction ratio of 4.2 dB is achieved by a single-mode fiber based ring resonator. The FSR of ring resonator can be adjusted by controlling the diameter of the ring. The extinction ratio is improved in the polarization maintaining fiber based ring resonator where the maximum extinction ratio of 14 dB is achieved at 1531 nm region.     

CW-pumped polarization-maintaining Brillouin fiber ring laser: II. Active mode-locking by phase modulation

Stimulated Brillouin backscattering in a cw-pumped long optical polarization-maintaining fiber ring cavity excites spontaneous stable mode-locking. But the shortest pulses allowed by the Brillouin gain bandwidth imply an active mode-locking, which we have achieved by using a phase modulator inside the ring. The experiment is carried out in the infrared at 1.319 μm, and in narrow frequency domains, close to N integer multiples of the ring FSR, we observe two type of mode-locking: either a maximum compression of the Brillouin solitons, or a stable splitting into N equally spaced pulses. Case N = 3 is more detailed. Experiment implies a slight polarization modulation by the phase modulation. Simulations carried out through the coherent three-wave model are in very good agreement for both mode-locking mechanisms. Introduction of a small amplitude modulation together with the intra-cavity phase modulation satisfactorily explains the stable splitting domain as well as the compression domain.     

Enhanced all-optical switching by use of a nonlinear fiber ring resonator

We predict dramatically reduced switching thresholds for nonlinear optical devices incorporating fiber ring resonators. The circulating power in such a resonator is much larger than the incident power; also, the phase of the transmitted light varies rapidly with the single-pass phase shift. The combined action of these effects leads to a finesse-squared reduction in the switching threshold, allowing for photonic switching devices that operate at milliwatt power levels in ordinary optical fibers.