VLBI天线接收机Ka波段低温耦合器的设计

针对VLBI天线接收机系统对Ka波段噪声定标的需求,设计了一款工作温度在≤20 K(-253℃)的双十字槽紧凑型Ka波段低温耦合器。采用HFSS软件和冷热负载法,对设计的耦合器分别进行了仿真和测试,在频段28～34 GHz和13 K环境温度下,耦合器插入损耗小于0.18 dB,耦合度在22.71～23.33 dB区间。测试和仿真结果一致性好,插损和耦合度满足了接收机要求。     

用于LED照明的反射型复眼设计方法

设计了一个高亮度LED光源照明的反射型复眼照明系统.通过软件模拟,整个复眼系统长度小于20 mm,物面的光照均匀度达到80％以上,光源照明输出光能利用率为75％.应用高亮度LED的反射型复眼具有体积小,光强分布均匀,像差小等特点.在小型便携式投影仪中有广阔的应用前景.     

基于BGO晶体的反射型法拉第光纤电流传感器

采用Bi4Ge3O12（BGO）晶体作为传感元件,设计了一种闭合磁环型光纤电流传感器,并对其传感特性进行了理论分析和实验研究.将BGO晶体加工成一带斜面的长方体,并在端面镀金属膜,通过光在晶体中多次临界反射来增大光程以提高测量灵敏度.实验测量得到的法拉第转角与采用倍频法测量的结果符合较好,但与实际结果存在一较大比例系数.对产生该系统误差的主要因素——传感头端面金属膜反射引起的相移及入射角偏离临界角时产生的相移进行了详细地理论分析和数值模拟.结果表明,金属膜反射和偏离临界角引起的相移对测量结果均有较大影响,但输出与作用在传感头上的磁感应强度呈很好的线性关系,可以通过将传感器的测量值乘上一个补偿系数来消除反射相移所产生的误差.     

基于金属——介质薄膜的反射型彩色滤光片

基于诱导反射原理设计了一种可见光波段金属-介质薄膜结构的反射型彩色滤光片.高吸收铬和高反射铝的应用使它既能获得高反射率又有很高的宽波段截止度,通过改变介质匹配层的厚度实现适当的导纳匹配,得到了反射率大于72％、较高色饱和度的红绿蓝三色滤光片.实验制作了样品,测试结果与设计相吻合.基于半色调技术,采用光刻和剥离工艺制备了...     

均匀与混合蛾眼结构减反射性能的模拟

采用时域有限差分法,对均匀蛾眼结构(UMS)和双混合蛾眼结构(BHMS)进行仿真,分析底面直径和高度对反射率的影响规律,比较了UMS与BHMS的减反射性能。基于反射率曲线和电场强度分布,分析了BHMS优异的减反射性能。结果表明:在300～1200 nm波段,UMS的反射率随着高度的增大而减小,随着底面直径的增大而先减小后增大;当底部直径为250 nm时,由不同高度的UMS组成的BHMS的平均反射率大于相应UMS的最小平均反射率;由不同底面直径UMS组成的BHMS的减反射性能可以进一步提升。     

p型GaAs的远红外波段光学特性

砷化镓(GaAs)是太赫兹波段半导体异质结构激光器的重要材料之一,为了获得p型GaAs材料在远红外波段的光学特性,采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)技术在半绝缘GaAs(100)衬底上生长了掺Be的p型GaAs薄膜材料,其载流子浓度从1.54×1015~1.85×1019cm-3。用远红外变换傅里叶光谱仪测量了其远红外反射光谱,并对反射光谱进行了理论模拟和分析,计算得出了不同空穴浓度的p型GaAs在远红外波段的折射率、消光系数和吸收系数。发现在这一波段消光系数和吸收系数均随着载流子浓度的增加而增大,吸收系数最大值可达到4.0×104cm-1。     

Ka波段带状注相对论扩展互作用振荡器的模拟设计

利用三维粒子仿真软件,对工作在Ka波段的带状注相对论扩展互作用振荡器进行了模拟仿真设计。采用宽高比为30∶1的带状电子束以降低空间电荷效应,选择多间隙耦合腔为高频结构以增加器件功率容量,在电子束电压为400 kV、束流为2 kA、轴向引导磁感应强度为1 T的情况下,器件输出微波功率为240 MW,频率为30 GHz,效率为30%。     

Ka波段带状注相对论扩展互作用振荡器的模拟设计

利用三维粒子仿真软件,对工作在Ka波段的带状注相对论扩展互作用振荡器进行了模拟仿真设计。采用宽高比为30∶1的带状电子束以降低空间电荷效应,选择多间隙耦合腔为高频结构以增加器件功率容量,在电子束电压为400kV、束流为2kA、轴向引导磁感应强度为1T的情况下,器件输出微波功率为240 MW,频率为30GHz,效率为30%。     

基于等离子喷涂的反射型激光防护涂层研究

本文首先介绍了激光武器在未来战争中的突出地位和发展现状,阐明了高能激光束与目标材料相互作用时的热效应毁伤机理;总结了基于等离子喷涂的反射型激光防护涂层的研究进展,包括等离子喷涂金属涂层和陶瓷涂层的研究进展、以及各自的技术特点和防护效果,为高能激光防护领域的研究提供了借鉴。研究结果表明,控制金属涂层在激光辐照过程中的氧化现象能有效地提高涂层的激光防护性能,同时具有优异反射性能的新型陶瓷涂层在高能激光防护领域中有较好的发展前景。     

基于深对流云的FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ反射太阳波段辐射响应评估

风云三号D星（FY-3D）中分辨率光谱成像仪Ⅱ型（MERSI-Ⅱ）已在轨运行超过5年,经定量应用反演发现部分通道辐射响应性能出现明显退化。本研究采用深对流云（DCC）目标对MERSI-Ⅱ大部分反射太阳波段辐射响应变化进行趋势评估,为提高该方法的稳定性,对基础DCC定标方法进行了优化。首先,比较了当前两种DCC双向反射分布函数（BRDF）模型的校正效果,采用月度反射率概率密度函数（PDF）众数和均值分别对反射率长时间序列稳定性进行分析。结果表明：对可见光和近红外波段使用CERES厚冰云BRDF模型校正的反射率PDF众数较优;短波红外波段反射率PDF均值较优,但对于两种BRDF模型均不敏感。其次,针对BRDF模型在短波红外波段无明显校正效果的问题,提出了一种基于反射率拟合残差和滑动平均值的去季节性方法。该方法显著改善了2018—2022年短波红外波段月度DCC反射率序列的相对标准差和波动性,分别降低了约22.2%和53%。这种去季节性方法为其他卫星光学传感器基于DCC目标的辐射定标研究提供了参考。最后,使用上述方法对MERSI-Ⅱ的11个反射太阳波段辐射响应进行定量评估,发现蓝光通道和全部...     

Coplanar waveguide phase shifter controlled by a spatially periodic optical illumination

The characteristics of a periodically-illuminated CPW phase shifter are investigated by the spectral domain approach combined with the cascaded transmission line matrix method. It is found that the phase shifter characteristics can be improved by appropriate use of periodic illumination instead of uniform illumination.This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant AFSOR-86-0036.     

Multichannel vector sum phase shifter

A novel multichannel vector sum phase shifter that is suitable for phased array antenna applications is demonstrated. Each channel is implemented using a distinct optical wavelength. Selective control of each channel is performed using an acousto-optic polarization coupler. The concept is successfully demonstrated for two individually controlled channels. For each channel, a continuously variable frequency linear phase shift is demonstrated between DC and 7 GHz, with the phasing range exceeding 100 degrees.     

Millimeter-wave electron-beam-switched resonance phase shifter

A powerful millimeter-wave phase shifter switched by an electron beam is studied. The operation of the device is based on the phase change in a wave reflected from a microwave resonator, depending on whether this resonator is or is not turned to resonance. Numerical simulation of several designs of the phase shifter is carried out, and the feasibility of its low-power operation is experimentally demonstrated. In the experiments, the typical time of phase change in the electromagnetic wave is 30 ns. It is shown that not only the electron beam, but also the near-electrode plasma, significantly influences the amount and time of phase change in the reflected wave.     

Thermistor controlled gunn oscillator at Ka-band

Frequency drift of Gunn oscillators is a major cause of concern in most of the Millimeter wave communication systems. This paper describes a simple and cost effective technique to arrest the frequency drift of a Ka band Gunn oscillator within 15 MHz for the operating temperature range of 0°C to 60°C as against a typical drift of about 50 to 100 MHz for free running Gunn oscillator for the same temperature range. At the ambient, the oscillator remains within ±1 MHz from switching on to stabilization. The temperature variation is sensed with a small thermistor bead placed close to the diode and a correction voltage is applied to the bias to compensate for the frequency drift. This compensation circuit also takes into account the non-linear behaviour of the thermistor and the Gunn oscillator with the temperature.     

高功率无移相器自旋转波束扫描天线设计

设计了一种无移相器结构的平板高功率天线,通过辐射层自旋转方式改变口径场相位分布,从而实现空间波束扫描,满足轻质、低剖面集成要求,辐射增益36 dB,波束扫描范围-30°至+30°,GW级功率容量,满足Ku波段工作的系统指标与能力要求。对天线进行了实物加工与测试,测试结果说明该天线具有良好的波束扫描特性和较高的口径辐射效率。无需加载移相馈电网络便可改变波束指向,具有伺服简单,结构紧凑,平面化、低剖面、轻质等优点,可广泛应用于机载、车载、舰载等高功率微波系统的表面共形发射。     

基于光纤的新型矢量和微波光子移相器

针对相控阵天线中基于光纤的微波光子移相器原理进行研究,并在此基础上设计了新型方案,通过引入可调分光器和保偏光纤来精确控制相移,降低了移相器的复杂性和相干干涉损耗,增强了移相器的可控性。研究了分光系数和频率对信号相位和幅度的影响,实现了超过140的移相,并可通过功率放大器来补偿信号幅度损失     

Magnetic phase shifter for superconducting qubits

We have designed and investigated a contactless magnetic phase shifter for flux-based superconducting qubits. The phase shifter is realized by placing a perpendicularly magnetized dot at the center of a superconducting loop. The flux generated by this magnetic dot gives rise to an additional shielding current in the loop and induces a phase shift. By modifying the parameters of the dot an arbitrary phase shift can be generated in the loop. This magnetic phase shifter can, therefore, be used as an external current source in superconducting circuits, as well as a suitable tool to study fractional Josephson vortices.     

Synthesis of deterministic phase codes for phase shifter in holography

A new family of a deterministic phase coding suitable for a phase shifter in holography is proposed. For a phase shifter with matrix-shaped sampling elements, in which phase is shifted by the amount of 0, π/2, π, or 3π/2, new deterministic codes satisfy the two following conditions: (1) nearly uniformity of the Fourier transformed image before insertion of an object, and (2) a constant phase difference (π/2 or -π/2) between the nearest neighbor sampling elements. The diminished fluctuation of the simulated reconstruction image, as well as uniformity of the Fourier transformed image, is experimentally shown as expected from the above conditions. This indicates a novel phase coding for a phase shifter in recording high density and high quality holograms.     

铁电体移相器高功率微波应用研究

为拓展高功率微波阵列天线的波束扫描范围, 将铁电体移相器引入到高功率微波领域。分析铁电体移相器的工作原理, 并研究其应用于高功率微波领域可能遇到的问题, 利用时域有限差分法对高功率微波在铁电体材料中传播的简单模型进行分析, 研究了微波功率及偏置电场对输出波形的影响, 并进一步分析铁电体移相器应用于高功率微波领域的可行性。结果表明：在不考虑介质损耗的情形下, 选择适当的铁电体材料可以在10 cm内实现L波段180相移, 同时传输效率达到90%以上。     

A design for a nonreciprocal phase shifter

A design is described for a nonreciprocal phase shifter, which is the key element in the constitution of a Mach-Zehnder interferometric isolator consisting of a magneto-optical channel waveguide. A four-layered structure waveguide is dealt with in which a cover layer having a larger refractive index than that of the film is placed on the magneto-optic thin film; it is revealed that the phase shifter length can be shortened by up to 6 mm at the 1.15 m wavelength, which is half the length of a nonreciprocal phase shifter constructed of a three-layered waveguide without a large refractive index cover layer. Two types of channel waveguides are investigated: a rib waveguide and a strip-loaded waveguide; they are found to have the same phase shifter length for the optimum condition.