一种基于时域滤波的红外序列图像去噪算法

红外图像是现代光学设备常用的图像源,图像显示效果直接影响设备的用户体验,而红外序列图像中的噪声会导致显示效果的下降。为了减轻噪声对红外序列图像显示效果的影响,通过历史多帧灰度值的加权和当前帧无噪声图像的估计,提出了一种基于时域高斯滤波的去噪方法。参考空域双边滤波的权值分配方法,引入了灰度值的影响对时域高斯滤波的权值进行修正,解决时域滤波导致的序列图像中运动目标拖尾和模糊。实验结果表明,时域滤波方法能够有效平滑帧间噪声,减轻噪声导致的红外序列图像显示效果的恶化,引入灰度值的影响进行滤波权值修正之后,能够解决时域滤波导致的运动目标拖尾和模糊问题。     

自适应双边滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对红外弱小目标检测,提出一种基于自适应双边滤波的背景预测算法.该算法利用空域低通滤波和图像灰度信息的非线性组合,自适应的对背景进行预测,达到提高弱小目标检测性能的目的.仿真和实验表明:与小波滤波的检测算法相比,该算法能够更加有效地从结构化背景中检测目标抑制背景.     

自适应双边滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对红外弱小目标检测,提出一种基于自适应双边滤波的背景预测算法.该算法利用空域低通滤波和图像灰度信息的非线性组合,自适应的对背景进行预测,达到提高弱小目标检测性能的目的.仿真和实验表明：与小波滤波的检测算法相比,该算法能够更加有效地从结构化背景中检测目标抑制背景.     

基于时空联合滤波技术的缓慢运动红外弱小目标检测算法

针对天空云层杂波与噪音背景下红外弱小目标的检测和跟踪问题,提出了一种基于时域和空域联合滤波的检测算法.首先对所获取的红外图像序列进行标准化预处理,再用时域滤波算法对预处理后的图像序列进行滤波,然后采用目标增强算法,对残留的云层杂波和噪音做进一步抑制.最后,通过实验对所提出的算法进行检验,结果证明了算法的有效性.     

红外搜索系统中弱小目标检测算法研究

 复杂背景下低信噪比弱小目标的检测是红外搜索系统中的重点和难点,为解决红外搜索系统中杂波干扰多、目标信噪比低等问题,提出一种模板匹配滤波的目标检测方法。该算法在预测背景的同时,通过对图像背景灰度值进行动态的阈值处理,自适应地进行背景抑制。当背景包含较多复杂因素时,采用模板匹配滤波的目标检测方法,消除背景抑制后的残留杂波,实现弱小目标的提取。试验结果表明：当场景较复杂且图像信噪比较低时,使用该算法处理后可使图像信噪比达到4 dB以上,从而提高了弱小目标的检测概率。     

复杂背景下红外弱小目标检测算法研究

复杂背景下低信噪比弱小目标的检测是红外预警系统中的重点和难点。为解决红外图像中杂波干扰多、目标信噪比低等问题,提出一种非线性空间滤波的目标检测方法。该算法在传统线性空间滤波算法的基础上,通过对预测点周围4个象限的背景灰度值进行计算,并动态地调节阈值,以达到突出小目标的目的。试验结果表明:当背景包含较多复杂因素时,采用非线性空间滤波的检测方法可有效地抑制杂波,实现弱小目标的提取,与线性滤波算法结果相比较,虚警数降低了3/4,且易于工程实现。     

层次卷积滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对单帧复杂背景红外图像点目标检测算法存在复杂背景下处理效果不理想、处理时间长的问题,提出了一种层次卷积滤波检测算法。主要分为两个部分：第一,根据红外小目标特性,设计一种层次卷积滤波的算子,对图像进行滤波处理,实现图像中小目标的增效和背景抑制的效果;第二,采用基于最大值的自适应阈值方法,对图像进行二值化操作,过滤背景杂波,最终提取到待检测的目标。在大量不同背景红外图像中进行实验,论文算法在背景抑制因子和信噪比增益的性能量化结果上优于现有5种典型红外弱小目标检测算法的性能结果,且平均处理时间仅为高斯拉普拉斯（Laplacian of Gaussian,LoG）滤波算法的30.42%。通过实验对比,表明该层次卷积滤波算法可以有效解决在不同复杂背景下的红外图像中对小目标检测的问题。     

自适应红外目标特征增强算法

利用直方图均衡化和灰度变换增强算法,不能有效增强红外图像目标。鉴于此,在研究红外图像特点的基础上,提出了一种自适应红外目标特征增强算法。该算法先对红外图像进行中值滤波,滤除掉图像中的随机噪声,然后利用直方图分割将红外图像分为目标和背景2部分,通过线性加权叠加抑制背景和增强目标。实验表明,该算法不仅能够根据红外图像中目标的灰度特性自适应地选取直方图分割阈值,而且在去除噪声和增加对比度的同时还抑制了背景,达到了预期的效果。该算法尤其适用于目标和背景像素比例相近时直方图具有局域双峰特征的红外图像中目标的增强。     

基于关键帧的核密度估计背景建模方法

在充分研究现有运动目标检测算法的基础上,提出了一种新的非参数核密度估计背景模型。应用高斯核密度估计进行背景建模,不需要事先假定背景特征的密度分布,根据视频序列像素灰度的相似性原理从训练样本中提取关键帧,减小了密度估计的样本量。将剩余的灰度值按距离最近原则归并到关键帧中去,降低目标检测的虚警率和误检率。实验结果表明:该算法在检测精度影响极小的情况下,大大提高了原算法的速度,可用于室外的实时视频监控系统。     

时空域非线性滤波红外序列图像非均匀性校正

针对现有非均匀性校正方法中校正结果收敛速度慢、图像退化、存在"鬼影"现象等问题,提出一种空域三边滤波与时域梯度加权均值滤波相结合的红外序列图像非均匀性校正方法.该方法首先利用三边滤波将图像分解为基本分量与细节分量;然后对分离出的细节分量序列图像的时域曲线进行梯度加权均值滤波,从而分离出细节分量中非均匀性和场景细节;最后用原图减去非均匀性,得到校正结果.实验结果表明,该方法能有效地抑制"鬼影"并改善图像退化现象,校正结果无论主观视觉还是客观评价指标均明显优于时域高通与神经网络校正方法.     

Small target detection using bilateral filter and temporal cross product in infrared images

We introduce a spatial and temporal target detection method using spatial bilateral filter (BF) and temporal cross product (TCP) of temporal pixels in infrared (IR) image sequences. At first, the TCP is presented to extract the characteristics of temporal pixels by using temporal profile in respective spatial coordinates of pixels. The TCP represents the cross product values by the gray level distance vector of a current temporal pixel and the adjacent temporal pixel, as well as the horizontal distance vector of the current temporal pixel and a temporal pixel corresponding to potential target center. The summation of TCP values of temporal pixels in spatial coordinates makes the temporal target image (TTI), which represents the temporal target information of temporal pixels in spatial coordinates. And then the proposed BF filter is used to extract the spatial target information. In order to predict background without targets, the proposed BF filter uses standard deviations obtained by an exponential mapping of the TCP value corresponding to the coordinate of a pixel processed spatially. The spatial target image (STI) is made by subtracting the predicted image from the original image. Thus, the spatial and temporal target image (STTI) is achieved by multiplying the STI and the TTI, and then targets finally are detected in STTI. In experimental result, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were computed experimentally to compare the objective performance. From the results, the proposed algorithm shows better discrimination of target and clutters and lower false alarm rates than the existing target detection methods.     

A novel spatial–temporal detection method of dim infrared moving small target

Moving small target detection under complex background in infrared image sequence is one of the major challenges of modern military in Early Warning Systems (EWS) and the use of Long-Range Strike (LRS). However, because of the low SNR and undulating background, the infrared moving small target detection is a difficult problem in a long time. To solve this problem, a novel spatial–temporal detection method based on bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and time-domain difference is proposed in this paper. This method is downright self-data decomposition and do not rely on any transition kernel function, so it has a strong adaptive capacity. Firstly, we generalized the 1D EMD algorithm to the 2D case. In this process, the project has solved serial issues in 2D EMD, such as large amount of data operations, define and identify extrema in 2D case, and two-dimensional signal boundary corrosion. The EMD algorithm studied in this project can be well adapted to the automatic detection of small targets under low SNR and complex background. Secondly, considering the characteristics of moving target, we proposed an improved filtering method based on three-frame difference on basis of the original difference filtering in time-domain, which greatly improves the ability of anti-jamming algorithm. Finally, we proposed a new time–space fusion method based on a combined processing of 2D EMD and improved time-domain differential filtering. And, experimental results show that this method works well in infrared small moving target detection under low SNR and complex background.     

The combined effect of nonlinear filtration and window size on the accuracy of tissue displacement estimation using detected echo signals

In cardiac elastography, the regional strain and strain rate imaging is based on displacement estimation of tissue sections within the heart muscle carried out with various block-matching techniques (cross-correlation, sum of absolute differences, sum of squared differences, etc.). The accuracy of these techniques depends on a combination of ultrasonic imaging parameters such as ultrasonic frequency of interrogation, signal-to-noise ratio, size of a kernel used in a block-matching algorithm, type of data and speckle decorrelation. In this paper, we discuss the possibility to enhance the accuracy of the displacement estimation via nonlinear filtering of B-mode images before block-matching operation. The combined effect of a filter algorithm and a kernel size on the accuracy of the displacement estimation is analyzed using a 36-frame sequence of grayscale B-mode images of a human heart acquired by an ultrasound system operating at 1.77 MHz. It is shown that the nonlinear filtering of images enables to obtain the desired accuracy (less than one pixel) of the displacement estimation with smaller kernels than without filtering. These results are obtained for two filters--an adaptive anisotropic diffusion filter and a nonlinear Gaussian filter chain.     

基于场景的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法综述

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性噪声是制约红外成像质量的主要因素。基于场景的非均匀校正算法通常利用图像序列并依赖帧间运动对焦平面阵列的非均匀性进行校正。介绍和分析了全局非均匀性校正,Kalman滤波器法,自适应滤波法,轨迹跟踪法,基于场景运动分析的校正算法,基于小波变换实现低通滤波的校正算法,高通滤波与神经网络相结合的算法,基于小波去噪、序列图像配准和正交最小二乘拟合的校正算法,改进的神经网络算法以及代数算法等,对算法进行了比较。     

Spatial and temporal bilateral filter for infrared small target enhancement

This paper presents a spatial and temporal bilateral filter (BF) to detect target trajectories, by extracting spatial target information using a spatial BF and temporal target information using a temporal BF. Background prediction when it is covered by targets is the key to small target detection. In order to apply the BF to a small target detection field for this purpose, this paper presents a novel spatial and temporal BF with an adaptive standard deviation to predict spatial background and temporal background profiles, based on analysis of the blocks surrounding a spatial and temporal filter window. In order to discriminate between the edge or object regions with a flat background and the target region spatially and temporally, spatial and temporal variances of the blocks surrounding the filter window are calculated in a spatial infrared (IR) image and temporal profile. The spatial and temporal variances adjust standard deviations of the spatial and temporal BF. Through this procedure, spatial background and temporal background profiles are predicted, and then small targets can be detected by subtracting the predicted spatial background (and temporal background profile) from the original IR image (and original temporal profile) and multiplying spatial and temporal target information. To compare existing target detection methods and the proposed method, signal-to-clutter ratio gain (SCRG) and background suppression factor (BSF) are employed for spatial performance comparison and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) is used for detection-performance comparison of the target trajectory. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a superior target detection rate and a lower false-alarm rate.