高功率光纤激光受激拉曼散射效应研究新进展北大核心CSCD

由于具有高品质、高效率、高鲁棒性、结构紧凑等优点,光纤激光系统在近20年飞速发展,并得到广泛应用。然而发展至今,依旧存在着一些因素(如非线性效应、热效应、模式不稳定性等)限制着光纤激光系统功率的进一步提升。作为其中的一种主要限制因素,受激拉曼散射效应不仅降低了光纤激光器的输出效率,后向斯托克斯光还会提高系统的损毁风险。最近的研究结果表明,少模光纤中受激拉曼散射在引起模式不稳定性的同时,还会导致准静态的模式退化。因此,需要发展有效的拉曼抑制手段来突破现有瓶颈,促进高功率高光束质量光纤激光发展。在介绍高功率少模光纤激光中受激拉曼散射效应新表征的同时,从高功率光纤激光系统整体优化角度出发,总结整理了相关抑制技术研究新进展,并展望未来可能的研究方向。     

Observation of transverse instabilities in optically induced lattices

We study experimentally the Bloch-wave instabilities in optically induced photonic lattices. We reveal two different instability scenarios associated with either the transverse modulational instability of a single Bloch wave or the nonlinear interband coupling between different Bloch waves. We show that the transverse instability is greatly enhanced in the induced lattice in comparison with homogeneous media.     

二维不可压流体Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的弱非线性研究

通过将扰动速度势展至三阶,提出了Kelvin-Helmholtz（KH）不稳定性的弱非线性理论.在模耦合过程中观察到一个重要的共振现象,共振使得模耦合过程变得相当复杂,单模扰动很快进入非线性区,产生大量高次谐波,共振加强了非线性作用.分析了单模扰动中二次和三次谐波产生效应,以及对基模指数增长的非线性校正.模拟结果支持了解析理论.利用该理论,分析了KH不稳定的非线性阈值问题. 关键词： Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性 弱非线性理论 非线性阈值     

Discrete modulational instability and bright localized spin wave modes in easy-axis weak ferromagnetic spin chains involving the next-nearest-neighbor coupling

We report a theoretical work on the properties of modulational instability and bright type nonlinear localized modes in one-dimensional easy-axis weak ferromagnetic spin lattices involving next-nearest-neighbor couplings.With a linear stability analysis, we calculate the growth rates of the modulational instability, and plot the instability regions.When the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor coupling is large enough, two new asymmetric modulational instability regions appear near the boundary of the first Brillouin zone.Furthermore, analytical forms of the bright nonlinear localized modes are constructed by means of a quasi-discreteness approach.The influence of the next-nearest-neighbor coupling on the Brillouin zone center mode and boundary mode are discussed.In particular, we discover a reversal phenomenon of the propagation direction of the Brillouin zone boundary mode.     

Electrostatic ion-cyclotron wave experiments in the WVU Qmachine

The influence of transverse, localized, DC electric fields (TLEs) on the current-driven electrostatic ion-cyclotron (CDEIC) instability is being investigated in a Q machine. A small (diameter ~10 ion gyroradii) segmented disk electrode is being used to excite the mode in a narrow electron-current channel along which exists a radial electric field between regions that magnetically map to the different circular segments (separated by a radial gap of ~3 ion gyroradii). Experiments aimed at demonstrating a TLE dependence in the threshold current for mode excitation are described. A comparison of observed and predicted mode frequencies over a range of magnetic field strengths is presented for the benchmark case of no applied transverse electric field. When the electric field is present, ion-cyclotron fluctuations are observed for cases in which the current is below the CDEIC instability threshold     

Multimode Coupling Theory for Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in Incompressible Fluid

A weakly nonlinear model is proposed for multimode Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The second-order mode coupling formula for Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in two-dimensional incompressible fluid is presented by expanding the perturbation velocity potential to second order. It is found that there is an important resonance in the course of the sum frequency mode coupling but the difference frequency mode coupling does not have. This resonance makes the sum frequency mode coupling process relatively complex. The sum frequency mode coupling is strongly dependent on time especially when the density of the two fluids is adjacent and the difference frequency mode coupling is not.     

Nonlinear fluctuation,frequency and stability analyses in free vibration of circular sector oscillation systems

In the present paper, the modified homotopy perturbation method (MHPM) is employed to investigate about both nonlinear swinging oscillation and the stability of circular sector oscillation systems. The sensitivity study performed for frequency analysis of the mentioned oscillatory circular sector body shows that frequency of nonlinear oscillation depends on some specific parameters and can be optimized. Furthermore onset of the instability is dependent to angle α and initial amplitude.Comparisons made among the results of the present closed-form analytical solution and the traditional numerical iterative time integration solution confirms the accuracy and efficiency of the presented analytical solution.In contrast to the available numerical methods, the present analytical method is free from the numerical damping and the time integration accumulated errors. Moreover, in comparison with the traditional multistep numerical iterative time integration methods, a much less computational time is required for the present analytical method. Responses of the dynamical systems to some extent are affected by the natural frequencies. Results reveal that for nonlinear systems, the natural frequency is remarkably affected by the initial conditions.     

非线性双折射色散光纤中极化调制不稳定性分析

利用光脉冲在光纤中传播时所遵守的相干非线性薛定谔耦合方程,研究了线偏振光在光纤中的传输特性.结果表明:由于线性双折射、非线性效应和色散的相互作用,导致光的偏振状态发生变化,产生交叉相位调制(XPM),从而导致调制不稳定性.这一调制不稳性不仅在反常色散区产生,在正常色散区也能产生,并且线性双折射发生变化时,增益谱也随之发生变化.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of complex patterns in a two-layer coupled reaction diffusion system

The resonance interaction between two modes is investigated using a two-layer coupled Brusselator model. When two different wavelength modes satisfy resonance conditions, new modes will appear, and a variety of superlattice patterns can be obtained in a short wavelength mode subsystem. We find that even though the wavenumbers of two Turing modes are fixed, the parameter changes have influences on wave intensity and pattern selection. When a hexagon pattern occurs in the short wavelength mode layer and a stripe pattern appears in the long wavelength mode layer, the Hopf instability may happen in a nonlinearly coupled model, and twinkling-eye hexagon and travelling hexagon patterns will be obtained. The symmetries of patterns resulting from the coupled modes may be different from those of their parents, such as the cluster hexagon pattern and square pattern. With the increase of perturbation and coupling intensity, the nonlinear system will convert between a static pattern and a dynamic pattern when the Turing instability and Hopf instability happen in the nonlinear system. Besides the wavenumber ratio and intensity ratio of the two different wavelength Turing modes, perturbation and coupling intensity play an important role in the pattern formation and selection. According to the simulation results, we find that two modes with different symmetries can also be in the spatial resonance under certain conditions, and complex patterns appear in the two-layer coupled reaction diffusion systems.     

国产纺锤形渐变掺镱光纤实现6 kW宽谱激光输出

高功率高光束质量光纤激光器在工业加工等领域有着广泛的应用,然而光纤中的非线性效应和模式不稳定效应限制着高光束质量光纤激光器的功率提升,采用新型结构大模场增益光纤在同时抑制非线性效应和模式不稳定效应方面具有较大潜力。报道了基于单位自研的纺锤形渐变掺镱光纤激光成功实现6 kW功率、高光束质量激光输出。激光器采用主振荡功率放大结构,放大级采用双向981 nm泵浦纺锤形渐变掺镱光纤,在总泵浦功率为7.68 kW时,输出功率达到6.02 kW,光束质量M2因子约为1.9。通过进一步优化纺锤形掺镱光纤制作工艺及结构参数,有望实现更高功率、近单模光束质量的光纤激光输出。     

Magneto‐Modulational Instability in Relativistic Plasmas

The behavior of magnetic fields generated by high frequency transverse plasmons in relativistic plasmas can be described by a set of nonlinear coupling equations, which has considered the nonlinear wave–wave, wave– particle interactions and the relativistic effects of electrons. Modulational instability of the spontaneous magnetic fields is investigated on the basis of the nonlinear coupling equations. Analytical and numerical results indicate the self‐generated magnetic fields are modulationally unstable and will be localized in a narrow region. The characteristic scale and maximum growth rate of the magnetic fields depend on the average Lorentz factor of electrons and the energy density of transverse plasmons. The relativistic effects of electrons will enhance the self‐focusing of magnetic fields (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Review of collective beam instabilities in electron-positron storage rings

The review of studies of collective beam instabilities in electron-positron storage rings is presented. The processes of excitation and suppression of the longitudinal microwave instability, transverse mode coupling instability, longitudinal and transverse multi-bunch instabilities, and instabilities induced by an interaction of a beam with ions or electron clouds are discussed. Important equations for estimation of the threshold beam currents and the rise time of instabilities, as well as the references to the major original works are given. The methods for diagnostics and suppression of instabilities are considered using specific examples.     

Optical beam instabilities in nonlinear nanosuspensions

We investigate the modulation instability of plane waves and the transverse instabilities of soliton stripe beams propagating in nonlinear nanosuspensions. We show that in these systems the process of modulational instability depends on the input beam conditions. On the other hand, the transverse instability of soliton stripes can exhibit new features as a result of 1D collapse caused by the exponential nonlinearity.     

简单MOPA结构窄线宽激光突破5 kW近单模输出

高功率窄线宽光纤激光器在非线性频率转换、光谱合成以及相干合成等领域有着重要的应用前景。本文基于自研的复合腔结构窄线宽振荡器作为种子,采用单级主振荡功率放大技术（MOPA）,实现了5 kW高效率的近单模窄谱激光输出。通过优化振荡器的时序特性和放大级结构,受激拉曼散射、光谱展宽和热致模式不稳定效应得到综合抑制。在最高功率时,信号光的3 dB和20 dB线宽分别为0.48 nm和2.1 nm,放大器的斜率效率约为86.1%,拉曼抑制比为28.3 dB,光束质量M2约1.35。本研究工作对于高功率窄线宽光纤激光的发展和研究具有重要的指导意义。     

Compensation for chromatic aberrations in acousto-optic systems used in spectral analysis of images

This paper considers novel optical schemes that are related to acousto-optic systems for the spectral analysis of images. The systems are characterized by a low level of transverse and longitudinal chromatic aberrations. Mathematical expressions that describe the magnitudes of the transverse aberration in various configurations of acousto-optic filters are derived. A decrease in longitudinal chromatic aberrations is examined in an optical scheme that is based on a single objective lens and an additional negative lens. A similar analysis is carried out for a confocal system that is formed of two objective lenses. The experimental investigations carried out in the visible range of the spectrum demonstrated a decrease in the longitudinal shifts of images by a factor of 2.5 and by as much as two orders of magnitude or more in the transverse image shifts.     

Orthonormal polynomials in analysis of single-mode fiber coupling

Zernike polynomials have been widely used for wave-front analysis because of their orthogonality over a uniform circular pupil. However, the pupil is not uniform but weighted by the backpropagated fiber mode in analyzing fiber coupling efficiency. Zernike polynomials are not appropriate for a weighted pupil due to their lack of orthogonality over such pupil. We emphasize the advantages of using orthonormal polynomials in fiber coupling systems. The orthonormal polynomials over weighted pupil are derived by matrix approach. The effects of primary aberrations are investigated based on the orthonormal polynomials. The accuracy of the Strehl ratio approximation for primary aberrations is evaluated.     

Linear and nonlinear coupling properties of a novel multicore circular dielectric waveguide

In this work we investigate the linear and nonlinear coupling properties of a novel multicore circular dielectric waveguide. The proposed device consists of a circular central core and many circular sectoral cores at the periphery, while the whole structure can be considered as a nonlinear multicore composite optical coupler. Hybrid guided modes in a circular sectoral dielectric waveguide are derived using circular harmonic expansion for the electromagnetic fields and the Point Matching Method (PMM) for the application of boundary conditions. Several cases are investigated varying some of the parameters of the geometry and the optical frequency in order to produce dispersion diagrams. In advance, the electric and magnetic field distributions for the fundamental guided modes are produced, while linear and nonlinear coupling coefficients as well as the sectoral waveguide mode effective area are derived.     

Effect of chromatic dispersion on nonlinear phase noise

We consider the combined effects of amplified spontaneous emission noise, optical Kerr nonlinearity, and chromatic dispersion on phase noise in an optical communication system. The effect of amplified spontaneous emission noise and Kerr nonlinearity were considered previously by Gordon and Mollenauer [Opt. Lett. 15, 1351 (1990)], and the effect of nonlinearity was found to be severe. We investigate the effect of chromatic dispersion on phase noise and show that it can either enhance or suppress the nonlinear noise amplification. For large absolute values of dispersion the nonlinear effect is suppressed, and the phase noise is reduced to its linear value. For a range of negative values of dispersion, however, nonlinear phase noise is enhanced and exhibits a maximum related to the modulation instability found in amplitude fluctuations. Nonlinear phase noise is quenched by these effects even in dispersion-compensated systems; the degree of suppression is sensitively dependent on the dispersion map. We demonstrate these results analytically with a simple linearized model.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a rotor-bearing-seal system under two loading conditions

The operating speed of the rotating machinery often exceeds the second or even higher order critical speeds to pursue higher efficiency. Thus, how to restrain the higher order mode instability caused by the nonlinear oil-film force and seal force at high speed as far as possible has become more and more important. In this study, a lumped mass model of a rotor-bearing-seal system considering the gyroscopic effect is established. The graphite self-lubricating bearing and the sliding bearing are simulated by a spring-damping model and a nonlinear oil-film force model based on the assumption of short bearings, respectively. The seal is simulated by Muszynska nonlinear seal force model. Effects of the seal force and oil-film force on the first and second mode instabilities are investigated under two loading conditions which are determined by API Standard 617 (Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, Seventh Edition). The research focuses on the effects of exciting force forms and their magnitudes on the first and second mode whips in a rotor-bearing-seal system by using the spectrum cascades, vibration waveforms, orbits and Poincaré maps. The first and second mode instability laws are compared by including and excluding the seal effect in a rotor system with single-diameter shaft and two same discs. Meanwhile, the instability laws are also verified in a rotor system with multi-diameter shaft and two different discs. The results show that the second loading condition (out-of-phase unbalances of two discs) and the nonlinear seal force can mainly restrain the first mode instability and have slight effects on the second mode instability. This study may contribute to a further understanding about the higher order mode instability of such a rotor system with fluid-induced forces from the oil-film bearings and seals.     

双层非线性耦合反应扩散系统中复杂Turing斑图

采用双层耦合的Brusselator模型, 研究了两个子系统非线性耦合时Turing 模对斑图的影响, 发现两子系统Turing 模的波数比和耦合系数的大小对斑图的形成起着重要作用. 模拟结果表明: 斑图类型随波数比值的增加, 从简单斑图发展到复杂斑图; 非线性耦合项系数在0–0.1时, 系统1中短波模在系统2失稳模的影响下不仅可形成简单六边形、四边形和条纹斑图, 两模共振耦合还可以形成蜂窝六边形、超六边形和复杂的黑眼斑图等超点阵图形, 首次在一定范围内调整控制参量观察到由简单正四边形向超六边形斑图的转化过程; 耦合系数在0.1–1时, 系统1中短波模与系统2失稳模未发生共振耦合仅观察到与系统2相同形状的简单六边形、四边形和条纹斑图. 关键词： Brusselator模型 非线性耦合 Turing模