臭氧氧化优尼素红B-B染料废水及脱色动力学研究

研究了在鼓泡反应器中,臭氧氧化优尼素红B-B模拟染料废水在10~70℃范围内的脱色反应动力学.发现并解释了不同温度下出现的反应速率交叉现象,利用紫外可见分光光度法定量分析染料特征颜色(浓度)变化情况.结果表明,在不同温度下,表观脱色反应动力学都符合一级动力学规律,相关系数都达到了0.95以上.40℃下,反应速率常数为0.011 83 s~(-1),臭氧氧化脱色过程符合y=exp(0.521-0.014x+5.02×10~(-6)x~2)方程.随着温度的升高,臭氧在高温下氧化染料的反应速率小于臭氧的分解速率,低温时臭氧氧化的速率高于臭氧的分解速率,导致高温下氧化速率变慢.在40~50℃时,臭氧氧化优尼素红B-B染料废水脱色率最高,利用紫外可见分光光度法对氧化后废水进行分析,结果表明脱色率达到了99.5%.     

常温常压湿式催化氧化染料废水的Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料

染料广泛应用于纺织厂、皮革厂以及染发等各个领域.染料废水具有成分复杂、浓度高、色度大和生物难降解等特性,因此传统的处理方法难以将其完全降解.高级氧化技术已成为国内外广泛应用的染料废水处理技术之一,特别是湿式催化氧化(CWAO)技术.然而,CWAO工艺中反应往往需要高温(通常为200-280℃)和高压(通常为2-9 MPa),制约了其广泛应用.因此,人们致力于研发具有高催化活性的催化剂,通过改变反应历程和降低反应的活化能,使反应在常温常压条件下进行.本课题组曾采用钼酸盐浸渍于Zn/Al LDHs溶液中成功制备了Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂,该催化剂能在常温常压下湿式催化氧化降解阳离子红GTL有机废水.Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂中Mo作为主催化成分,Zn-Al LDHs作为载体.Cu-Fe LDHs本身作为一种催化剂,与Mo相结合能有效提高催化剂的活性及稳定性,因此本文采用浸渍法制备了Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料,采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、循环伏安法和氧气程序升温脱附等表征手段研究了Mo-Cu-Fe-O材料的结构及氧化还原特性.以阳离子红GTL、结晶紫和酸性红为染料废水代表,研究了常温常压下Mo-Cu-Fe-O催化降解染料废水的催化活性.结果表明,在中性条件下Mo-Cu-Fe-O对阳离子型染料废水具有良好的催化活性.循环使用七次后该样品对阳离子红GTL和酸性红的脱色率分别达到91.5%和92.8%,然而对酸性红阴离子型染料废水基本无催化活性.在常温常压CWAO过程中产生的羟基自由基能有效降解阳离子GTL废水,其废水毒性随着反应的进行逐渐减小.     

常温常压湿式催化氧化染料废水的Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料（英文）

染料广泛应用于纺织厂、皮革厂以及染发等各个领域.染料废水具有成分复杂、浓度高、色度大和生物难降解等特性,因此传统的处理方法难以将其完全降解.高级氧化技术已成为国内外广泛应用的染料废水处理技术之一,特别是湿式催化氧化(CWAO)技术.然而,CWAO工艺中反应往往需要高温(通常为200-280°C)和高压(通常为2-9 MPa),制约了其广泛应用.因此,人们致力于研发具有高催化活性的催化剂,通过改变反应历程和降低反应的活化能,使反应在常温常压条件下进行.本课题组曾采用钼酸盐浸渍于Zn/Al LDHs溶液中成功制备了Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂,该催化剂能在常温常压下湿式催化氧化降解阳离子红GTL有机废水.Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂中Mo作为主催化成分,Zn-Al LDHs作为载体.Cu-Fe LDHs本身作为一种催化剂,与Mo相结合能有效提高催化剂的活性及稳定性,因此本文采用浸渍法制备了Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料,采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、循环伏安法和氧气程序升温脱附等表征手段研究了Mo-Cu-Fe-O材料的结构及氧化还原特性.以阳离子红GTL、结晶紫和酸性红为染料废水代表,研究了常温常压下Mo-Cu-Fe-O催化降解染料废水的催化活性.结果表明,在中性条件下Mo-Cu-Fe-O对阳离子型染料废水具有良好的催化活性.循环使用七次后该样品对阳离子红GTL和酸性红的脱色率分别达到91.5%和92.8%,然而对酸性红阴离子型染料废水基本无催化活性.在常温常压CWAO过程中产生的羟基自由基能有效降解阳离子GTL废水,其废水毒性随着反应的进行逐渐减小.     

羧基化石墨烯对4种离子型染料的吸附脱色

合成的羧基化石墨烯（G-COOH）用FT-IR进行表征,并对G-COOH用于水溶液中甲基紫、中性红、灿烂黄和茜素红4种离子型染料的吸附性能进行了研究。 考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、初始浓度以及溶液pH值等条件对吸附效果的影响。 同时,研究了甲基紫染料的脱附性能,结果表明,用NaOH/EtOH混合溶液洗脱甲基紫,洗脱率可达88.2%,洗脱后的G-COOH可再利用。 从热力学角度探讨得出,G-COOH对阳离子染料甲基紫和中性红的吸附行为能够较好的符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,而对阴离子染料灿烂黄和茜素红的吸附行为则能够较好的符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,计算的吸附参数表明,G-COOH对4种染料的吸附过程容易进行。 动力学研究表明,G-COOH对4种离子型染料的吸附行为均能较好的符合准二级吸附模型。 该实验研究表明,在处理染料废水时,G-COOH为相当优异的吸附剂。     

扎赉诺尔褐煤在液相中吸附特性的研究——Ⅳ.吸附阳离子染料的特性

扎赉诺尔褐煤对印染废水中的阳离子染料有良好的净化能力。实验证明,它对阳离子染料的交换能力(以mg/g计)为30—50,对不同阳离子染料的吸附序为艳兰RL>嫩黄7GL>红2GL。本文考察了扎赉诺尔褐煤的组成、有效孔径、表面电荷性质以及阳离子染料类型、废水pH值等对吸附的影响。本文指出,阳离子染料在扎赉诺尔褐煤中的有效扩散系数为1×10~(-9)cm~2/s,活化能为4.37kcal/mol。     

TiO2/柚子皮生物质活性炭复合材料的制备和吸附光降解性研究

本文以自制柚子皮生物质活性炭为原料,采用凝胶-溶胶法合成TiO2/柚子皮生物质活性炭复合材料(TiO2/BAC)。对复合材料进行SEM、FTIR、XRD等表征,并研究该复合材料对中性红、亚甲基蓝染料及甲醛的吸附降解性能。结果表明,在复合材料中柚子皮生物质活性炭的添加量为7 g、预吸附时间为2 h时,对染料具有最佳的吸附降解效果,复合材料在循环使用5次后对染料的吸附降解率仍达到了80 %以上。当活性炭的添加量为6 g、复合材料的添加量为2 g时,复合材料对甲醛的吸附降解达到最大,可达61%。表明该复合材料对中性红、亚甲基蓝染料及甲醛具有良好的吸附降解效果,有望用于废水染料的去除和家居甲醛净化。     

W/W型PAM乳液对活性翠兰K-GL染料模拟废水脱色性能的研究

以明胶为稳定剂,采用分散聚合法制备了W/W型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)乳液,并与混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合研究了活性蓝K-GL染料模拟废水的处理,分别研究了W/W型PAM乳液和PAC的用量、染料浓度和模拟染料废水pH值等对絮凝沉降速度及脱色率的影响规律。研究结果表明,该复合絮凝沉降体系能有效地去除废水中的染料,体系中的明胶能提高絮凝效果及脱色率。     

胺基酚醛型吸附树脂对染料废水的吸附与脱色

研究了胺基酚醛型吸附树脂对4种水溶性染料酸性橙II,活性红R-3B、活性黑KN-B、活性翠蓝KN-G的吸附性能。探讨了浓度、温度等因素对染料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附树脂对酸性橙II具有较好的吸附;升高温度有利于吸附;随染料浓度的增大,树脂的吸附量增加。吸附树脂对4种水溶性染料的吸附速率较快,达到吸附平衡所用时间较短。对模拟废水的脱色率均达到了95.7%以上。     

酸性媒介红稀土染料的制备、表征及其羊毛染色性能

制备并提纯了酸性媒介红稀土(La, Nd, Y, Er)染料, 稀土及元素分析测得其稀土与配体酸性媒介红染料物质的量的比为1∶1; 红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱分析表明, 在酸性媒介红稀土染料的结构中, 稀土离子(La3+, Nd3+, Y3+)与配体染料分子中的羧基、羟基产生配位作用, 其中Y3+同时还与偶氮基(-N=N-)作用,在3个稀土染料中稀土离子与染料分子中的磺酸基(-SO3-)也产生作用; 所有样品的羊毛布料染色实验及其各项牢度测试结果表明 酸性媒介红稀土染料羊毛染色比相应配体酸性媒介红染料色光纯正, La, Nd染料染色增深, Y, Er染料染色增艳, 但均比铬金属络合染料颜色鲜艳, 钇染料的各项羊毛染色牢度比配体染料好, 与Cr金属络合染料相当, 具有实用价值.     

Keggin型Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐的合成、表征及催化超声降解性能

采用水热合成法制备了Keggin型结构的Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐,并利用红外光谱（IR）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对合成的产物进行了表征。以酸性绿B（AGB）为目标物,研究了在超声波辐射下,Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐的投加量、染料废水初始浓度、pH值等因素对降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：新合成的杂多酸盐具有Keggin型结构,当催化剂的投加量为0.8 g/L,染料废水的初始浓度为10 mg/L,初始pH=5时,用 40 kHz超声频率辐射60 min,染料废水的降解率最高可达90.2%。通过动力学分析,降级反应符合一级反应动力学模型,降解速率随初始浓度的增加而减小。     

REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF DYESTUFFS FROM DYEING WASTEWATERS

The toxic nature of some dyestuffs (DSs) has long been recognized. Accordingly, dyeing wastewaters represent a source of water contamination, and should be treated in some way so as to reduce the concentration of the polluting DSs to permissible limits, prior to dumping its wastewater. In addition, some DSs can be recovered for reuse, a point which should represent saving in the overall cost of the dyeing process. Extensive publications on the removal of DSs from dye house wastewaters have been cited in the literature in which many techniques have been applied, biological treatment being the method most widely used as a primary treatment. However, only few publications have been concerned with recovery of DSs from their wastewaters. In the present paper, numerous techniques, if not all, that are presently used for either removal or recovery of DSs have been reviewed, evaluated and compared.     

Efficient Degradation of Aqueous Rhodamine B Irradiation Under Indoor Light Using a SiO2–Hypocrellin B Complex

An efficient method for the degradation of the dye Rhodamine B (RhB) is reported. A SiO₂–hypocrellin B (SiO₂–HB) complex was found to work as a catalyst to degrade RhB in aqueous solution at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, over the pH range 1–10, under indoor light conditions. This method is capable of removing 82.68% of RhB within 20 min at pH 9. The SiO₂–HB complex was characterized by both scanning electron microscopy and surface area analysis. The reaction progress was examined using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and UV–visible spectroscopy. This process represents an efficient means of decontaminating dye‐containing wastewaters in either highly acidic or weakly alkaline environments.     

Use of nanoparticles for dye adsorption: Review

A very serious problem nowadays is the colored waters and especially the wastewaters from dyeing industries. Many techniques were already applied in order to treat those effluents, but one of the most simple, low-cost, effective, and successful is adsorption. A very promising class of materials used for this purpose is nanoparticles. This review summarizes some very important works of the last years regarding the use of nanoparticles as potential adsorbent materials for dye adsorption (mainly wastewaters). Widely-used models are described and analyzed for finding the best theoretical adsorption capacity (Langmuir, Freundlich, etc.), as well as some kinetic (pseudo-first, -second order, etc.), thermodynamic (free energy Gibbs, enthalpy, entropy), and desorption/regeneration studies are also discussed in details. Moreover, significant factors such as pH, agitation time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration are also reported extensively. Based on thermodynamic studies, meta-data analysis was carried out and commented.     

Decomposition and decoloration of a direct dye by electron beam radiation

The wastewaters released by textile industries to the environment contain hazardous compounds like toxic refractory dye stuff at high concentration. In this study, electron beam irradiation-induced decoloration and decomposition of C.I. Direct Black 22 aqueous solutions were investigated. The influences of absorbed doses and initial dye concentration on the percent of decoloration, COD and pH of the solutions are described. The results show that the direct dye solutions can be effectively degraded by electron beam irradiation.     

Click chemistry-induced selective adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes using functionalized cellulose methacrylate hydrogels

Cellulose - In the preparation of hydrogels for removing dye pollutants from wastewaters, cellulose, a natural polymer, has become a popular raw material of late. In an effort to develop adsorbents...     

Aam/Aac水凝胶对碱性藏花红染料的吸附特性研究

以丙烯酰胺(AAm)、丙烯酸(AAc)合成了单体配比分别为1，2、1／1、2，1的AAm/AAcc水凝胶，采用分光光度计法研究了此水凝胶对水溶性单价阳离子染料碱性藏花红的吸附特性，测定了它们的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线：探讨了水凝胶单体组成对该染料吸附性能的影响：并且用静电场理论解释了解吸后水凝胶更优的再吸附特性，研究表明，AAm，AAc水凝胶可作为染料污水处理中一种良好的吸附剂。     

Analysis of electrochemical degradation products of sulphonated azo dyes using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Electrochemical treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes in the textile industry is a promising approach for their degradation. The monitoring of the course of the decomposition of azo dyes in wastewaters is essential due to the environmental impact of their degradation products. In this work, aqueous solutions of a simple azo dye with a low molecular weight (C.I. Acid Yellow 9) and more complex commercial dye (C.I. Reactive Black 5) were electrochemically treated in a laboratory-scale electrolytic cell in sodium chloride or ammonium acetate as supporting electrolytes. Ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is applied for the identification of electrochemical degradation products. In addition to simple inorganic salts, the formation of aromatic degradation products obtained due to the cleavage of azo bonds and further degradation reactions is shown, as well as chlorination where sodium chloride is the supporting electrolyte. Degradation mechanisms are suggested for the treatment with sodium chloride as the supporting electrolyte.     

Cloud-point extraction of rhodamine 6G by using Triton X-100 as the non-ionic surfactant

Cloud-point extraction (CPE) using the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 was used successfully to remove a highly toxic dye, rhodamine 6G (R6G), from water and wastewater. The effects of different analytical parameters such as pH, concentration of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and salts, equilibrium temperature, and incubation time on the efficiency of the extraction of R6G were studied in detail, and optimum conditions for dye extraction were obtained. Thermodynamic parameters including changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were also calculated, and these parameters indicated that the CPE of R6G was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in the temperature range of 75-95 degrees C. The equilibrium solubilization capacity of TX-100 was found to be 1.10 mmol/mol by using Langmuir isotherm models. No significant interference effects were observed in the presence of phenol and its derivatives, some acidic and basic dyes and most of the anions and cations. It was concluded that the CPE process described in this paper can be an alternative technique for removal of dyes and other pollutants from waters and wastewaters.     

Partially carboxymethylated cotton dust waste for sorption of textile wastewater coloured with the cationic dye Basic Blue 41 as a model: synthesis,regeneration and biodegradability

The removal of residual dyes in coloured textile wastewaters is mandatory, and a significant portion of the dyes used are cationic. Textile factories mainly process cotton yarns, and 8 % of this virgin feedstock is lost as cotton dust waste (CDW). Using factorial experimental design, this dust was derivatised with monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) to produce a partially carboxymethylated cellulose (CM^?-CDW) with NaOH, MCAA and isopropanol for the retention of Basic Blue 41 dye (BB 41) (column and batch), and biodegradability was investigated. The dye retention efficiency was examined with additional experiments varying the initial concentration, contact time and addition of salts. Heteronuclear multiple bonding correlation-nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the covalent insertion of CM^? groups in the cellulosic fibres. The selected matrix provided a dye sorption of 58.33 (column) and 64.50 mg/g (batch). The Langmuir isotherm was a good fit to the sorption data. The efficiency of uptake of BB 41 was predominantly dictated by the concentration of alkali in the matrix synthesis. Biodegradability by cellulases was similar when using uncharged and dye-charged matrices. The latter were fully regenerated by washing in dilute acid. Retention was proportional to the initial dye concentration and the contact time required to reach equilibrium, which was longer for higher dye concentrations. The addition of 10 mmol/l NaCl decreased BB 41 retention by 50 %. Therefore, CM^?-CDW proved effective for the removal of the cationic dye BB 41 and thus represents an important alternative in the treatment of coloured textile effluents.     

红霉素生产废水的树脂吸附法处理研究

采用XDA-1大孔吸附树脂对琥乙红霉素和红霉素碱两种生产废水分别进行动态吸附处理,研究影响吸附的一些因素.结果显示,在室温、原废水pH和较低流速条件下,经处理后废水的COD降低72%～88%;经丙酮解吸后再从解吸液蒸馏回收99%的醋酸丁酯,从琥乙红霉素废水中还可回收大约0.4kg/m3的红霉素粗品.