一个变形的启发

在推导椭圆、双曲线的标准方程时,我们知道,当２ａ＞２ｃ时,（ｘ－ｃ）２＋ｙ２＋（ｘ＋ｃ）２＋ｙ２２ａ等价于ｘ２ａ２＋ｙ２ｂ２１（其中ｂ２＝ａ２－ｃ２）;当２ａ＜２ｃ时,｜（ｘ－ｃ）２＋ｙ２－（ｘ＋ｃ）２＋ｙ２｜２ａ等价于ｘ２ａ２－ｙ２ｂ２１（其中ｂ２＝ｃ２－ａ２）．因而类似一些根式方程与不等式的求解问题就可以考虑用椭圆或双曲线的方程来处理．首先给出下列两个命题：命题１　对（ｘ－ｃ１）２＋ｎ２＋（ｘ－ｃ２）２＋ｎ２ｍ（ｃ１＜ｃ２,ｎ≠０）（１）当ｍ＞ｃ２－ｃ１时,①与（ｘ－ｃ）２ａ２＋ｎ…     

关于Thue方程的解数

设ｍ是正整数，ｆ（Ｘ，Ｙ）＝ａ０Ｘｎ＋ａ１Ｘ（ｎ－１）Ｙ＋．．．＋ａｎＹｎ∈Ｚ［Ｘ，Ｙ］是Ｑ上不可约化的叫ｎ（ｎ≥３）次齐次多项式。本文证明了：当ｇｃｄ（ｍ，ａ０）＝１，ｎ≥４００且ｍ≥１０（３５）时，方程｜ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）｜＝ｍ，ｘ，ｙ∈ｚ，ｇｃｄ（ｘ，ｙ）＝１，至多有６ｎｖ（ｍ）组解（ｘ，ｙ），其中ｖ（ｍ）是同余式Ｆ（ｚ）＝ｆ（ｚ，１）≡０（ｍｏｄｍ）的解数。特别是当ｇｃｄ（ｍ，ＤＦ）＝１时，该方程至多有６ｎ（ω（ｍ）＋１）组解（ｘ，ｙ），其中ＤＦ是多项式Ｆ的判别式，ω（ｍ）是ｍ的不同素因数的个数．     

一类超椭圆方程的整数解

设ｍ，ｎ∈Ｎ；ｍ≥２，ｎ≥２，ｍｎ≥６，ｆ（ｘ）＝ｘｍ＋ａ１ｘｍ－１＋…＋ａｍ∈Ｚ［ｘ］，Ｈ＝ｍａｘ（｜ａ１｜，…，｜ａｍ｜）．本文运用组合分析方法证明了：当ｍ≡０（ｍｏｄｎ），ａ１，…，ａｍ不全为零，而且其中第一个非零系数ａｓ与ｎ互素时，方程ｆ（ｘ）＝ｙｎ，ｘ，ｙ∈Ｚ，仅有有限多组解（ｘ，ｙ），而且这些解都满足｜ｘ｜＜（４ｍＨ）２ｍ／ｎ＋１以及｜ｙ｜＜（４ｍＨ）４ｍ２／ｎ２＋ｍ／ｎ＋１     

一类时变线性差分方程组的稳定性及各类反例的构造

本文研究变系数线性差分方程组ｘ（ｎ＋１）＝ａｘ（ｎ）＋ｂｒ－ｎ（ｎ），ｙ（ｎ＋１）＝ｃｒｎｘ（ｎ）＋ｄｙ（ｎ）的稳定性，利用参数ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ和ｒ，给出了这一系统稳定性的完整分类．这一分类结果给我们提供了一种简单的方法构造违背常系数线性差分方程对应结果的各种反例．     

单元目标检测、试题交流、寒假生活 参考解答

［单元目标检测］代数初步知识目标检测１．∨∨∨∨∨;∨∨∨．二、１．６ａ２ｃｍ２,ａ３ｃｍ３;２．８ｃｍ;３．ｘ（２０－ｘ）ｃｍ２;４．ｙ与ｘ的平方差与ｘ、ｙ的积．的商５．０;６．１,（可根据条件求得ｘ＝１,ｙ＝２）;７．ａ＝１;８．４８ｘ＝１２００．三、１．５（ａ３－ｂ３）－９,２．１２（２ｘ－ｙ２）３．３ｎ＋１和３ｎ＋２,４．（１＋４．１×１２‰）ａ,５．１（１ａ＋１ｂ）;６．２Ｓ（Ｓｘ＋Ｓｙ）千米时,７．（１＋１０％）（１－５％）ａ吨,８．ｎ－ｎ４－（ｎ４－５）四、１．…     

新题征展(4)

Ａ．题组新编１．（１）图１是四个对数函数ｙ＝ｌｏｇａｘ、ｙ＝ｌｏｇｂｘ、ｙ＝ｌｏｇｃｘ、ｙ＝ｌｏｇｄｘ的图象,则ａ、ｂ、ｃ、ｄ、０、１等六个实数之间的大小关系是　　．（２）设２＜ｍ＜ｎ＜３,则ｌｏｇｍ（ｍ－２）与ｌｏｇｎ（ｎ－２）的大小关系是　　．（３）设０＜ｍ＜ｎ＜１,则ｌｏｇｍ（ｍ＋１）与ｌｏｇｎ（ｎ＋１）的大小关系是　　．２．已知关于ｘ的二次不等式ｘ２－（ａ－２）ｘ＋３ａ＜０在区间（－２,１）内：（１）恒成立,则实数ａ的取值范围是　　;（２）无解,则实数ａ的取值范围是　　;（３）存在解,则…     

整式目标测试题(一)

一、判断正误（每题２分）１．单项式ｘ的系数是０,次数是１．（　２．三次二项式ａ２＋ｂ３的常数项是０．（　）３．多项式ｘ３－１３ｂ４ｙ＋３ｙ２ｘ是按ｙ升幂排列的．（　）４．１３ｐ２ｑ与－９ｑ２ｐ是同类项．（　）５．（－ｍ＋ｎ）－２（ｃ＋ｄ）＝ｍ＋ｎ－２ｃ＋２ｄ．（　）二、填空题（每空３分）１．代数式２ｘ,ｘ２,ａ２ｂｃ２,ａ２２＋ｂ２－０．４ａ２,ｘ－２中单项式是,多项式是．２．单项式－２ｘ２ｙ３的系数是,－２ａｂ２５的系数是．３．多项式ａ３－６ａ２ｂ－ａｂ２＋ａ２ｂ的项数是,次数是．４．２ｘ３ｙ…     

一元一次方程目标检测题(一)

一、填空１．方程１３ｘａ＋２＝３是一元一次方程,则ａ＝．２．３ｘ－２与２ｘ－３互为相反数,则ｘ＝．３．（２ｘ－１）２＋｜３ｙ＋２｜＝０,则ｘ＝,ｙ＝．４．当ｍ＝时,关于ｘ的方程ｍｘ－８＝１７＋ｍ的解是－５．５．若５ｘｍｙ与１２ｙｎ＋２ｘ３是同类项,则ｍ＝,ｎ＝．６．把浓度为９５％的酒精１５００克稀释为７５％的酒精,需加水克．二、单项选择题１．已知ｙ＝１是方程２－１３（ｍ－ｙ）＝２ｙ的解,那么关于ｘ的方程ｍ（ｘ－３）－２＝ｍ（２ｘ－５）的解是（　）（Ａ）ｘ＝－２　　（Ｂ）ｘ＝－１（Ｃ）ｘ＝０　　（…     

具正负系数中立型时滞差分方程解的振动性

本文讨论一阶具正负系数中立型时滞差分方程 △（ｘ（ｎ）－ｃ（ｎ）ｘ（ｎ－ｋ））＋ｐ（ｎ）ｘ（ｎ－ｍ）－Ｑ（ｎ）ｘ（ｎ－１）－０,ｎ＝０,１,２,…我们获得了使方程所有解振动的“ｓｈａｒｐ”条件,即在系数ｐ（ｎ）,Ｑ（ｎ）,Ｃ（ｎ）为常数时是充分必要条件,本文的结果推广并改进了已有的结果．     

费尔马最后定理的证明

（ｉ）我们用（ｘ－ｂ）ｎ＋ｘｎ＝（ｘ＋ａ）来代替ｘｎ＋ｙｎ＝ｚｎ作为费尔马最后定理（ＦＬＴ）的普遍方程式．其中ａ及ｂ是两个任意自然数．应用二项展开式，（０．１）可以写成因为ａｒ－（－ｂ）ｒ始终包含ａ＋ｂ作为它的因数，（０．２）可写成其中фｒ＝［ａｒ－（－ｂ）ｒ］／（ａ＋ｂ）对于ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ．都是个整数．（ｉｉ）令ｓ是ａ＋ｂ的一个因数，并令ａ＋ｂ＝ｓｃ．我们可用ｘ＝ｓｙ来变换（０．３）成为下列（０．４）（ｉｉｉ）将（０．４）除以Ｓ２，我们得（０．５）式的左边，是的整系数多项式，而右边ｃф／ｓ是个常数Ｃф／ｓ．若Ｃф／ｓ不是个整数，那末我们不能求得能适合（０．５）的整数ｙ，这样ＦＬＴ对这场合是对问．若Ｃфｎ／ｓ是个整数，我们可以改变ｓ和ｃ，使ｃф／ｓ≠整数。     

有资格限制的指派问题的求解方法

在实际的指派工作中，常会遇到某个人有没有资格去承担某项工作的问题，因此，本建立了有资格限制的指派问题的数学模型。在此数学模型中，将效益矩阵转化为判定矩阵，由此给出了判定此种指派问题是否有解的方法；在有解的情况下，进一步将效益矩阵转化为求解矩阵，从而将有资格限制的指派问题化为传统的指派问题来求解。最后给出了一个数值例子来说明这样的处理方法是有效的。     

Extreme values of the sum of squares of degrees of bipartite graphs

In this paper we determine the minimum and maximum values of the sum of squares of degrees of bipartite graphs with a given number of vertices and edges.     

碾压混凝土坝施工层面变形分析模型

针对碾压混凝土坝施工层面对大坝变形产生显著影响的问题,深入研究了施工层面的变化性质及规律,提出了层面不同阶段变形的模拟方法,建立了施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型,提出的模型能反映层面的弹性变形、衰减蠕变、不可逆变形以及加速蠕变等变形状态．实例分析表明:所提出的碾压混凝土坝施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型能较客观地模拟大坝的结构变化形态,尤其是施工层面有厚度分析模型较完整地模拟了层面的渐变规律,其计算结果与原位监测成果吻合较好．同时,提出的方法和建立的分析模型可推广应用于常规混凝土坝,特别是坝基内断层和夹层等变形规律的分析．     

Estimation of the number of components of finite mixtures of multivariate distributions

An estimator of the number of components of a finite mixture ofk-dimensional distributions is given on the basis of a one-dimensional independent random sample obtained by a transformation of ak-dimensional independent random sample. A consistency of the estimator is shown. Some simulation results are given in a case of finite mixtures of two-dimensional normal distributions.     

Galois Structure of K-Groups of Rings of Integers

N/Kbe a Galois extension of number fields with finite Galois group G.We describe a new approach for constructing invariants of the G-module structure of the K groups of the ring of integers of N in the Grothendieck group of finitely generated projective Z[G]modules. In various cases we can relate these classes, and their function field counterparts, to the root number class of Fröhlich and Cassou-Noguès.     

Convergence of densities of some functionals of Gaussian processes

The aim of this paper is to establish the uniform convergence of the densities of a sequence of random variables, which are functionals of an underlying Gaussian process, to a normal density. Precise estimates for the uniform distance are derived by using the techniques of Malliavin calculus, combined with Stein?s method for normal approximation. We need to assume some non-degeneracy conditions. First, the study is focused on random variables in a fixed Wiener chaos, and later, the results are extended to the uniform convergence of the derivatives of the densities and to the case of random vectors in some fixed chaos, which are uniformly non-degenerate in the sense of Malliavin calculus. Explicit upper bounds for the uniform norm are obtained for random variables in the second Wiener chaos, and an application to the convergence of densities of the least square estimator for the drift parameter in Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes is discussed.     

Number of connected components of groups of real points of adjoint groups

We present a unified approach to compute the number of connected components in the group of real points of adjoint almost simple real algebraic groups.     

白骨化尸体死亡时间的推断

本文分析了15具白骨化尸体标本的股骨汞(Hg),铅(Pb),镉(Cd)元素含量数据,在三年的时间内采集了3次,一共收集到45个数据。首先将这组数据看着纵向数据,利用线性随机效应混合模型、Cox随机混合效应模型进行分析,结果显示,如果对每个白骨化尸体标本建立线性模型,可以精确预测出死亡时间,而且不需要采集铅元素含量数据。混合效应模型的预测效果也很好,最大误差不会超过1个月。其次我们对数据不作任何假设,利用机器学习中随机森林方法分析数据,并利用5折交叉验证方法来判断结果的可靠性,训练集和测试集的NMSE分别为0.1205944,0.5604286,因此可以用训练出的模型来预测死亡时间。     

Variational analysis of functions of the roots of polynomials

The Gauss-Lucas Theorem on the roots of polynomials nicely simplifies the computation of the subderivative and regular subdifferential of the abscissa mapping on polynomials (the maximum of the real parts of the roots). This paper extends this approach to more general functions of the roots. By combining the Gauss-Lucas methodology with an analysis of the splitting behavior of the roots, we obtain characterizations of the subderivative and regular subdifferential for these functions as well. In particular, we completely characterize the subderivative and regular subdifferential of the radius mapping (the maximum of the moduli of the roots). The abscissa and radius mappings are important for the study of continuous and discrete time linear dynamical systems. Dedicated to R. Tyrrell Rockafellar on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Terry is one of those rare individuals who combine a broad vision, deep insight, and the outstanding writing and lecturing skills crucial for engaging others in his subject. With these qualities he has won universal respect as a founding father of our discipline. We, and the broader mathematical community, owe Terry a great deal. But most of all we are personally thankful to Terry for his friendship and guidance. Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0203175. Research supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0412049.