1，3－双－（介晶基）－1，1，3，3－四甲基二硅氧烷的合成和相变研究

合成了１６种１，３－双－（介晶基）－１，１，３．３－四甲基二硅氧烷（Ⅱ_（ａ，ｂ），Ⅲ_（ａ─ｇ），Ⅲ_ｊ，Ⅳ_（ａ─ｆ）．其化学结构用￣１ＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ和元素分析表征。通过ＤＳＣ和偏光显微镜研究了它们的相行为，除Ⅱ_（ａ，ｂ）、Ⅲ_ｄ和Ⅳ_ｄ外，其余都呈现液晶相变。用Ｘ衍射分析研究了１，３－双－（４－甲基偶氮苯氧甲基）－１，１，３，３－四甲基二硅氧烷（Ⅱ_ａ）的晶体结构。讨论了这些新型硅氧烷化合物的比学结构对液晶相变行为的影响。     

含L—氨基酸结构的手性液晶化合物的合成及其相变行为

合成了９种具Ｌ－氨基酸衍生物结构的介晶化合物、４种氨基酸衍生物和６种介晶化合物，新化合物的化学结构通过ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析证实，并用偏光显微观察和ＤＳＣ分析研究了其相变行为，结果表明有８种化合物呈现液晶相变。测定了它们的比旋光度，通过Ｘ射线射研究了化合物的近晶结构，证明其具铁电性。     

7β-杂环酰胺基头孢菌素新衍生物的半合成及抗菌活性研究

利用１－芳基－５－甲基－１Ｈ－１，２，３－连三唑－４－甲酰氯－，苯并三唑－１－乙酰氯以及５－甲基异恶唑－３－甲酰氯在低温，丙酮－水条件下，分别用７－ＡＣＡ，７－ＤＣＡ和７－ＡＤＣＴ反应，制得１３种头孢菌素衍生物３ａ－３ｉ，６ａ－６ｂ和９ａ－９ｂ，所有化合物经葡萄糖聚糖凝胶柱层析和离心薄层层析反复精制得纯品，新化合物结构经元素分析，ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ和ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ确认，其中代表物显示出强的抗菌活性。     

有机环四硅氧烷液晶的合成及其相变行为

两种环四硅氧烷分别和６种液晶基元化合物（Ｍ１－６）反应，合成了６种仅含１个介晶侧基的环四硅氧烷（１－６）。它们的化学结构已由＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＩＲ和元素分析证实，借助ＤＳＣ和偏光显微镜观察研究了１２个化合物的相变行为。     

7β-杂环酰胺基-3-杂环硫亚甲基头孢菌素衍生物的半合成及抗菌活性研究

通过２－取代１,３,４－恶二唑－５－硫醇１ａ－１ｆ和头孢菌素母体７－ＡＣＡ反应,制得头孢菌素中间体２ａ－２ｆ,用氨噻唑肟活性酯３和１－芳基－１Ｈ－１,２,３－三唑－４－甲酰氯４ａ－４ｅ分别和头孢菌素中间体缩合制得头孢菌素新衍生物５ａ－５ｂ和６ａ－６ｈ,新化合物的结构经＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ,ＩＲ及ＭＳ确认,初步体外抗菌结果表明,头孢菌素５ａ－５ｂ对革兰氏阳性和阴性菌有显著抑制活性,而６ａ－６ｈ对其则显示出中等程度的抑制活性。     

（C5H7S2）3[Bi2Cl9）]的合成和晶体结构

标题化合物由ＢｉＣｌ３和乙酰丙酮在ＨＣｌ（气）／Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ溶剂中通入Ｈ２Ｓ气体反应而得。晶体属四方晶系，Ｍｔ＝１１３０．７６，空间群Ｐ４１２１２。晶胞参数ａ＝ｂ＝８．８６７（２），ｃ＝４１．５１１（４）Ａ；Ｖ＝３２６４（１）Ａ＾３，Ｚ＝４，Ｄｃ＝２．３０ｇｃｍ＾－３，μ（ＭｏＫａ）＝１１８．６０７ｃｍ＾－１，Ｆ（０００）＝２１０４．晶结构由重原子法求得。最终偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０７２。晶体由分立的（     

不对称1,3,2—苯并二氧碳杂环己烷非对映消旋体的合成及生 …

通过相转移催化关环反应合成了新的６－取代－２－硫－２－烷（芳）氧－４（２，４－二氯苯基）－４－氢－１，３，２－苯并二氧磷杂环己烷（３ａ－３ｇ），用结晶法分离得到了７对非对映消旋体，其结构经ＨＮＭＲ、＾３１ＰＮＭＲ和元素分析确证，化合物３ａ－Ａ单晶Ｘ射线分析表明其构型为（２Ｒ，４Ｓ；２Ｓ，４Ｒ），生物活性测定结果表明，化合物３ｃ有良好的杀虫活性，非对映消旋体Ａ和Ｂ具有协同杀虫作用。     

光学活性有机钛试剂与苯甲醛不对称加成反应

光学活性二醇（１Ｒ，２Ｒ）－（＋）－１，２－二苯基－１，２－乙二醇（Ⅲａ）和（２Ｒ，３Ｒ）－（－）－１，１，４，４－四苯基－２，３－（缩丙酮）－１，４－丁二醇（Ⅲｂ）分别修饰Ｔｉ（ＯＰｒｉ）３Ｃｌ，再与甲基锂和乙基锂进行烷基化，制备出新的手性有机钛试剂Ⅱａ和Ⅱｂ，然后与苯甲醛进行加成，所得１－苯基乙醇（Ⅳａ）和１－苯基丙醇（Ⅳｂ）的光学收率分别为２５～６５％ｅ．ｅ．和１０～２０％ｅ．ｅ．。简单讨论了Ｃ２－对称型二醇对立体选择性及反应条件的影响     

螺噻唑并咪唑类化合物的合成

由螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮与硫脲在碘的存在下反应，生成了４，５－二氢螺［苯并［ｄ］噻唑－６－（７Ｈ），１′－环己烷］－２－胺（３），３与溴甲基苯基甲酮在苯中缩合得到相应的酮４ａ～４ｃ，然后在醇中加热环化生成二氢螺［咪唑并［２，１－ｂ］苯并［ｄ］噻唑］化合物５ａ～５ｃ。新化合物５ａ～５ｃ的分子组成及结构经元素分析、１ＨＮＭＲ、１３ＣＮＭＲ证实，其中产物５ｂ的分子结构经Ｘ－射线衍射晶体分析确认。     

meso－5，10，15，20－四（3，4，5－三甲氧基苯基）卟啉的晶体和分子结构

用Ｘ－射线测定了ｍｅｓｏ－５，１０，１５，２０－四（３，４，５－三甲氧基苯基）卟啉的溶剂（正庚烷）合物（ＴＴＯＭＰＰ·２Ｃ＿７Ｈ＿（１６））的晶体结构。实验表明，该化合物（Ｃ＿（７０）Ｈ＿（８６）Ｎ＿４Ｏ＿（１２））的晶体属三斜晶系，空间群Ｐ１，ａ＝８．７４９（６），ｂ＝１５．１２９（６），ｃ＝１６．４４９（３），ａ＝６０．０７（３），β＝７０．６４（４），γ＝８１．７０（５），Ｖ＝１７７９．６，Ｍ＿ｒ＝１１７５．４９，Ｚ＝１，Ｄ＿ｃ＝１．０９７ｇ／ｃｍ￣３，μ＝０．６９７ｃｍ￣（－１），Ｆ（０００）＝６３０。讨论了卟啉环上取代基的电子和立体效应及卟啉与铁（Ⅲ）离子配位后铁（Ⅲ）离于对卟啉结构参数的影响。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。