Solutions of the autonomous Kirchhoff type equations in RN

Recently, the existence, the multiplicity and the concentration of solutions for the Kirchhoff type equations or systems have been extensively established by a number of authors. Such problems contain a nonlocal term which implies that the equation or system is no longer a pointwise identity. Thus, some researchers think that the nonlocal phenomenon will cause some mathematical difficulties. In this note, however, we will give a simple transformation so that the solutions of the autonomous Kirchhoff type equation or system are easily obtained by using the known solutions of the corresponding local equation or system. In particular, some qualitative properties of solutions for the local problems are also inherited.     

Solutions for the Kirchhoff type equations with fractional Laplacian

Due to the singularity and nonlocality of the fractional Laplacian, the classical tools such as Sturm comparison, Wronskians, Picard--Lindel\"{o}f iteration, and shooting arguments (which are all purely local concepts) are not{\ applicable} when analyzing solutions in the setting of the nonlocal operator $\left( -\Delta \right) ^{s}$. Furthermore, the nonlocal term of the Kirchhoff type equations will also cause some mathematical difficulties. The present work is motivated by the method of semi-classical problems which show that the existence of solutions of the Kirchhoff type equations are equivalent to the corresponding associated fractional differential and algebraic system. In such case, the existence of the fractional Kirchhoff equation can be obtained by using the corresponding fractional elliptic equation. Therefore some qualitative properties of solutions for the associated problems can be inherited. In particular, the classical uniqueness results can be applied to this equation.     

Global solvability for the Kirchhoff equations in exterior domains of dimension three

We consider the initial (boundary) value problem for the Kirchhoff equations in exterior domains or in the whole space of dimension three, and show that these problems admit time-global solutions, provided the norms of the initial data in the usual Sobolev spaces of appropriate order are sufficiently small. We obtain uniform estimates of the L¹(R) norms with respect to time variable at each point in the domain, of solutions of initial (boundary) value problem for the linear wave equations. We then show that the estimates above yield the unique global solvability for the Kirchhoff equations.     

Weak solutions for nonlocal boundary value problems with low regularity data

This paper concerns the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for elliptic and parabolic equations under nonlocal boundary conditions, based on maximal regularity. It also gives the positivity of solutions which can be used in monotone iteration methods. As an application, the results are used to discuss some specific nonlocal problems.     

Hyperbolic-parabolic singular perturbation for quasilinear equations of Kirchhoff type

We consider a hyperbolic-parabolic singular perturbation problem for a quasilinear equation of Kirchhoff type, and obtain parameter-dependent time decay estimates of the difference between the solutions of a quasilinear dissipative hyperbolic equation of Kirchhoff type and the corresponding quasilinear parabolic equation. For this purpose we show time decay estimates for hyperbolic-parabolic singular perturbation problem for linear equations with a time-dependent coefficient.     

Blow-up of solutions for some non-linear wave equations of Kirchhoff type with some dissipation

The initial boundary value problem for non-linear wave equations of Kirchhoff type with dissipation in a bounded domain is considered. We prove the blow-up of solutions for the strong dissipative term -Δ_ut$-\mathrm{\Delta }{u}_t$ and the linear dissipative term _ut$u_t$ by the energy method and give some estimates for the life span of solutions. We also show the nonexistence of global solutions with positive initial energy for non-linear dissipative term by Vitillaro's argument.     

Regular traveling waves for a nonlocal diffusion equation

In this paper, we study a nonlocal diffusion equation with a general diffusion kernel and delayed nonlinearity, and obtain the existence, nonexistence and uniqueness of the regular traveling wave solutions for this nonlocal diffusion equation. As an application of the results, we reconsider some models arising from population dynamics, epidemiology and neural network. It is shown that there exist regular traveling wave solutions for these models, respectively. This generalized and improved some results in literatures.     

Entire solutions in monostable reaction-diffusion equations with delayed nonlinearity

Entire solutions for monostable reaction-diffusion equations with nonlocal delay in one-dimensional spatial domain are considered. A comparison argument is employed to prove the existence of entire solutions which behave as two traveling wave solutions coming from both directions. Some new entire solutions are also constructed by mixing traveling wave solutions with heteroclinic orbits of the spatially averaged ordinary differential equations, and the existence of such a heteroclinic orbit is established using the monotone dynamical systems theory. Key techniques include the characterization of the asymptotic behaviors of solutions as t→−∞ in term of appropriate subsolutions and supersolutions. Two models of reaction-diffusion equations with nonlocal delay arising from mathematical biology are given to illustrate main results.     

Global solvability for Kirchhoff equation in special classes of non-analytic functions

In this paper we derive the following two properties: the first one is a precise representation of WKB solution to the Cauchy problem of a linear wave equation with a variable coefficient with respect to time, and the second one is the global solvability for Kirchhoff equation in some special classes of nonreal-analytic functions, which is proved by grace of the first property.     

Multiplicity of solutions for a class of Kirchhoff type problems

In this paper we apply the （variant） fountain theorems to study the symmetric nonlinear Kirch- hoff nonlocal problems. Under the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz＇s 4-superlinearity condition, or no Ambrosetti- Rabinowitz＇s 4-superlinearity condition, we present two results of existence of infinitely many large energy solutions, respectively.     

A nonlocal dispersal equation arising from a selection–migration model in genetics

This paper is concerned with the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of positive steady-states for a nonlocal dispersal equation arising from selection–migration models in genetics. Due to the lack of compactness and regularity of the nonlocal operators, many classical methods cannot be used directly to the nonlocal dispersal problems. This motivates us to find new techniques. We first establish a criterion on the stability and instability of steady-states. This result is effective to get a necessary condition to guarantee a positive steady-state, it also gives the uniqueness. Then we prove the existence of nontrivial solutions by the corresponding auxiliary equations and maximum principle. Finally, we consider the dynamic behavior of the initial value problem.     

Relaxation-time limits of non-isentropic hydrodynamic models for semiconductors

This work deals with non-isentropic hydrodynamic models for semiconductors with short momentum and energy relaxation-times. The high- and low-frequency decomposition methods are used to construct uniform (global) classical solutions to Cauchy problems of a scaled hydrodynamic model in the framework of critical Besov spaces. Furthermore, it is rigorously justified that the classical solutions strongly converge to that of a drift-diffusion model, as two relaxation times both tend to zero. As a by-product, global existence of weak solutions to the drift-diffusion model is also obtained.     

A reduction approach for determining generalized simple waves

A reduction approach is developed in order to construct generalized simple wave solutions to quasilinear nonhomogenous hyperbolic systems of first order PDEs. The solutions sought must possess a special ansatz which permits time-evolution of the profile of a simple wave due to a source-like term. These solutions involve a free function which can be used to fit classes of initial or boundary value problems. By means of the proposed approach two governing models of interest in a variety of applications are investigated. Model constitutive laws consistent with the full reduction process are obtained and the occurence of singularities at a finite time for the resulting solutions is analysed. Furthermore a comparison is made between the results obtained within the present theoretical framework and the standard simple wave solutions of the corresponding homogeneous (source free) governing models.      

On a reaction diffusion equation with nonlinear time‐nonlocal source term

In this article, we prove the local existence of a unique solution to a nonlocal in time and space evolution equation with a time nonlocal nonlinearity of exponential growth. Moreover, under some suitable conditions on the initial data, it is shown that local solutions experience blow‐up. The time profile of the blowing‐up solutions is also presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一类分数阶Kirchhoff型方程非平凡解的存在性

利用临界点理论中的山路引理,研究一类分数阶Kirchhoff型方程在次临界增长条件下非平凡解的存在性,进一步统一和丰富了已有文献的相关结果.     

Phase transitions with semi-diffuse interfaces

In this paper, we examine new “phase-field” models with semi-diffuse interfaces. These models have the property that the −1/+1 planar phase transitions take place over a finite interval. The models also support multiple interface solutions with interfaces centered at arbitrary points L₁<L₂<?<L_N. These solutions correspond to local minima of an entropy functional (see (3.3) and (3.7)) rather than saddle points and are dynamically stable. The classical models have no such exact solutions but they do support solutions with N equally spaced transition points where the order parameter transitions between values p_min(N) and p_max(N) satisfying −1<p_min(N)<0<p_max(N)<1. These solutions of the classical model are saddle points of the entropy functional associated with those models and are not dynamically stable.     

Local solutions for a coupled system of Kirchhoff type

We investigate the existence of local solutions of the following coupled system of Kirchhoff equations subject to nonlinear dissipation on the boundary: (∗) Here {Γ₀,Γ₁} is an appropriate partition of the boundary Γ of Ω and ν(x), the outer unit normal vector at x∈Γ₁.By applying the Galerkin method with a special basis for the space where lie the approximations of the initial data, we obtain local solutions of the initial-boundary value problem for (∗).     

Semilinear behavior for totally linearly degenerate hyperbolic systems with relaxation

We investigate totally linearly degenerate hyperbolic systems with relaxation. We aim to study their semilinear behavior, which means that the local smooth solutions cannot develop shocks, and the global existence is controlled by the supremum bound of the solution. In this paper we study two specific examples: the Suliciu-type and the Kerr-Debye-type models. For the Suliciu model, which arises from the numerical approximation of isentropic flows, the semilinear behavior is obtained using pointwise estimates of the gradient. For the Kerr-Debye systems, which arise in nonlinear optics, we show the semilinear behavior via energy methods. For the original Kerr-Debye model, thanks to the special form of the interaction terms, we can show the global existence of smooth solutions.     

Extremal equilibria for monotone semigroups in ordered spaces with application to evolutionary equations

We consider monotone semigroups in ordered spaces and give general results concerning the existence of extremal equilibria and global attractors. We then show some applications of the abstract scheme to various evolutionary problems, from ODEs and retarded functional differential equations to parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs. In particular, we exhibit the dynamical properties of semigroups defined by semilinear parabolic equations in RN with nonlinearities depending on the gradient of the solution. We consider as well systems of reaction-diffusion equations in RN and provide some results concerning extremal equilibria of the semigroups corresponding to damped wave problems in bounded domains or in RN. We further discuss some nonlocal and quasilinear problems, as well as the fourth order Cahn-Hilliard equation.     

Stable hyperbolic singularities for three-phase flow models in oil reservoir simulation

We study the characteristic speeds of systems of two conservation laws representing three-phase flow in a porous medium with gravity taken into account.Generically hyperbolicity fails on open regions (elliptic regions) where the characteristic speeds assume complex values. The presence of such regions creates difficulties such as multiple solutions which indicate a modeling problem, according to some authors.The hyperbolicity of the models we study depends on the relative permeability functions. It is customary in oil engineering studies to suppose that the water and gas permeabilities depend only on their respective saturation, while the oil relative permeability changes with the gas and water saturations. Such a hypothesis on the oil relative permeability generically leads to elliptic regions.We define a set of three curves that surround elliptic regions of any model. By studying these curves, we indicate a procedure to locate the singularities and prove that for any choice of gravitational and viscosity parameters such regions shrinks to points where the characteristic speeds are real and equal, provided it is assumed that each relative permeability depends on its respective saturation only. Our results, together with a paper of Trangenstein, lead to the conclusion that in order to insure real wave speeds, such an assumption is necessary and sufficient when gravitational effects are considered in three-phase models.Research supported by Brazillian Government grant from CNPq under number 204395/88.7.