Theoretical study of 2 X 2 element planar array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna in plasma medium

The radiation properties of 2 X 2 element planar array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna in plasma medium are studied. The array factor and far-zone EM-mode and P-mode radiation fields of the array geometry are derived using vector wave function techniques and pattern multiplication approaches. The total field patterns and various characteristics of pattern such as half power beam width (HPBW), first null beam width (FNBW) and direction of maximum radiation are computed for two different values of progressive phase excitation difference between the elements. The results of this array geometry are obtained both in plasma medium and in free space and compared with those of single element equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna.     

Effects of a Quasi-Stationary Field in Contact Radiometry

We analyze theoretically the thermal radiation of an absorbing half-space, received by an antenna of an arbitrary size located at an arbitrary height above the half-space surface. It is shown that the measured power consists of quasi-stationary (near-field) and wave components. The relative contribution of each component depends on the antenna size and height. Conditions under which the near-field component is dominant are found. It is shown that the total power of the radiation received from a uniformly heated medium is entirely determined by the medium temperature and is independent of the antenna parameters. If the influence of the quasi-stationary field is strong, then the received radiation is formed in a layer whose effective depth is less than the skin-layer depth. This effect can be used for detection of the near-field component of thermal radiation.     

Theoretical study of two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on ferrite substrate

The radiation characteristics of a two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on a ferrite substrate are studied theoretically by considering the presence of bias magnetic field in the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves. It is found that the natural modes of propagation in the direction of magnetic field are left- and right-circularly polarized waves and these modes have different propagation constants. In loss-less isotropic warm plasma, this array antenna geometry excites both electromagnetic (EM) and electroacoustic plasma (P) waves in addition to a nonradiating surface wave. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the EM- and P-waves can be decoupled into two independent modes, the electroacoustic mode is longitudinal while the electromagnetic mode is transverse. The far-zone EM-mode and P-mode radiation fields are derived using vector wave function techniques and pattern multiplication approaches. The results are obtained in both plasma medium and free space. Some important antenna parameters such as radiation conductance, directivity and quality factor are plotted for different values of plasma-to-source frequency.     

超低折射率特异材料天线

采用金属网格和泡沫材料实现低折射率材料媒质,并对其参数进行了优化,辐射源采用单极天线,制作了样机。利用HFSS电磁仿真软件对应用低折射率材料媒质天线与传统天线的方向性进行了对比研究,并研究了辐射源的参数对定向天线的性能影响。对样机进行了测试,测试结果与仿真结果比较吻合,与传统天线相比较,基于超低折射率特异材料的天线方向性明显提高。因此,选择适当电磁参数的超低折射率特异材料,用于定向天线的设计,可以改变传统天线的设计。     

双负媒质结构改善Ku波段天线辐射特性

基于负介电常数和负磁导率产生原理,采用金属细线和裂环谐振器结构,针对12.5 GHz频率开展双负媒质结构设计。通过特殊边界条件下S参数计算以及Nicolson-Ross-Weir方法,完成等效参数的提取,获得介电常数、磁导率、折射率实部均为负值,且折射率接近于0的左手材料特性。将双负媒质结构加载于Ku波段圆锥喇叭口面进行仿真优化,提高天线增益2.17 dB,在11~13 GHz频带范围内,加载天线的增益均有所改善。实验结果表明,口面加载双负媒质结构后,天线增益提高1.51 dB,后向辐射减小5.7 dB,辐射特性获得了明显改善。     

Effect of Intrinsic Decoherence on Nonclassical Effects of the Nondegenerate Bimodal Multiquanta JCM

We study the nondegenerate multiquanta Jaynes-Cummings model governed by Milburn equation. This models the decoherence of a quantum system as it evolves through intrinsic mechanisms beyond conventional quantum mechanics governed by the Schrödinger equation. We find an exact solution of this equation and apply it to investigate the effects of the intrinsic decoherence on nonclassical effects of the system, such as collapses and revivals of the population inversion and squeezing of the radiation field, for the resonant and the off-resonant cases when the particle (atom or trapped ion) is taken to be prepared initially in a coherent superposition state.     

A novel design for high gain lens antennas with homogeneous media

A high gain lens antenna is designed by using a new transformation different from the discrete optical transformation. The antenna is composed of two blocks. Each block is made of homogenous and anisotropic materials, and thus can be easily achieved by metamaterial. The numerical results based on full wave simulation indicate that the antenna can be used to realize highly directive radiation beam, and the direction of radiation beam can be controlled artificially by changing the geometry parameters of the device. The electromagnetic field in the transformation region can be either stretched or compressed along both transverse and longitudinal directions by varying the geometry parameters in the virtual space while the distribution of electromagnetic field outside the antenna is little influenced. Moreover, effective medium theory is applied to realize such an antenna with isotropic materials. Also, the multi-beams antenna is investigated. It is indicated that this antenna can generate multi-collimated beams radiating at the desired angles.     

Near-field effect in thermal radio-frequency radiation

The near-field effect was experimentally observed in the thermal radiation of an absorbing medium in the rf range. The radiation from a temperature-stratified aqueous medium was measured at a wavelength of 31 cm using specially developed electrically small antennas. The effect manifests itself as a decrease in the effective thickness of a layer in which the received radiation is formed and in the dependence of this thickness on the receiving antenna’s size and its height above the medium surface.     

Scalable ion trap quantum computing without moving ions

A hybrid quantum computing scheme is studied where the hybrid qubit is made of an ion trap qubit serving as the information storage and a solid-state charge qubit serving as the quantum processor, connected by a superconducting cavity. In this paper, we extend our previous work [CITE] and study the decoherence, coupling and scalability of the hybrid system. We present our calculations of the decoherence of the coupled ion-charge system due to the charge fluctuations in the solid-state system and the dissipation of the superconducting cavity under laser radiation. A gate scheme that exploits rapid state flips of the charge qubit to reduce decoherence by the charge noise is designed. We also study a superconducting switch that is inserted between the cavity and the charge qubit and provides tunable coupling between the qubits. The scalability of the hybrid scheme is discussed together with several potential experimental obstacles in realizing this scheme.     

Intrinsic Decoherence of Two Atoms System With Kerr Medium

We study the effect of Kerr medium on the intrinsic decoherence of a system which consists of two two-level atoms and a optical cavity. The entanglement of the system is calculated by making use of concurrence. Our results show that the intrinsic decoherence is very sensitive to the nonlinear coupling constant of Kerr medium. Both the oscillation period and the amplitude of the concurrence increase with the increasing nonlinear coupling constant.     

TEM喇叭天线辐射机理分析和优化设计

在频域和时域研究了TEM喇叭天线的辐射机理。在频域,高频信号激励的TEM喇叭表现为口径天线的辐射特性,具有良好的方向性;低频信号激励的TEM喇叭可视作偶极子天线,具有全向辐射特性;在时域,脉冲激励的TEM喇叭天线辐射场由四个子波叠加构成,在不同方向上,各个子波的波形和相对时序不同,导致不同方向上辐射场波形也不相同。根据辐射机理研究结果,提出了一种TEM喇叭天线末端加载设计并给出了其优化设计方法,有效地改善了天线主轴辐射性能,提高了辐射因子和天线效率。     

Measurement-induced decoherence and Gaussian smoothing of the Wigner distribution function

We study the problem of measurement-induced decoherence using the phase-space approach employing the Gaussian-smoothed Wigner distribution function. Our investigation is based on the notion that measurement-induced decoherence is represented by the transition from the Wigner distribution to the Gaussian-smoothed Wigner distribution with the widths of the smoothing function identified as measurement errors. We also compare the smoothed Wigner distribution with the corresponding distribution resulting from the classical analysis. The distributions we computed are the phase-space distributions for simple one-dimensional dynamical systems such as a particle in a square-well potential and a particle moving under the influence of a step potential, and the time-frequency distributions for high-harmonic radiation emitted from an atom irradiated by short, intense laser pulses.     

Indirect decoherence in optical lattices and cold gases

The interaction of two–level atoms with a common heat bath leads to an effective interaction between the atoms, such that with time the internal degrees of the atoms become correlated or even entangled. If part of the atoms remain unobserved this creates additional indirect decoherence for the selected atoms, on top of the direct decoherence due to the interaction with the heat bath. I show that indirect decoherence can drastically increase and even dominate the decoherence for sufficiently large times. I investigate indirect decoherence through thermal black body radiation quantitatively for atoms trapped at regular positions in an optical lattice as well as for atoms at random positions in a cold gas, and show how indirect decoherence can be controlled or even suppressed through experimentally accessible parameters.     

Quantum State Sharing of an Arbitrary Three-Atom State by Using Five-Atom Cluster State in Cavity QED

We present a scheme for implementing the deterministic quantum state sharing of an arbitrary three-atom state by using a five-atom cluster state and a Bell-state in cavity QED. In the scheme, it does not involve Bell-state measurement and only needs to perform the single-atom measurements. Our scheme is not sensitive to both the cavity decay and the atom radiation, which is of importance in view of decoherence.     

Decoherence in a system of many two-level atoms

I show that the decoherence in a system of degenerate two-level atoms interacting with a bosonic heat bath is for any number of atoms governed by a generalized Hamming distance (called "decoherence metric") between the superposed quantum states, with a time-dependent metric tensor that is specific for the heat bath. The decoherence metric allows for the complete characterization of the decoherence of all possible superpositions of many-particle states, and can be applied to minimize the overall decoherence in a quantum memory. For qubits which are far apart, the decoherence is given by a function describing single-qubit decoherence times the standard Hamming distance. I apply the theory to cold atoms in an optical lattice interacting with blackbody radiation.     

Quantum State Sharing by Using an Eight-Atom Composite W-Bell State in Cavity QED

We demonstrate that an eight-atom composite W-Bell state can be used to realize the deterministic quantum state sharing of an arbitrary two-atom state in cavity QED. In the scheme, it does not involve Bell-state measurement and only needs to perform the single-atom measurements. Our scheme is not sensitive to both the cavity decay and the atom radiation, which is of importance in view of decoherence.     

一种新型宽带定向性贴片天线设计

利用超材料概念,通过在接地面上蚀刻条形缝隙图案,并引入"八木"天线中的反射器和引向器的设计思想,设计并且制作了一种超宽带强定向型贴片天线.仿真结果表明,天线相对带宽为65.3%(6.9—13.6 GHz),带内回波损耗均在-10 d B以下,整个频段内天线的增益均在4.4 d Bi以上.由于接地板上蚀刻的超材料结构的左手特性影响了天线介质基底的等效媒质参数,天线电磁场的传播方向被改变,天线辐射场主要集中在水平方向而不是传统贴片天线的垂直方向.在传统的贴片天线上引入反射器和引向器增强了天线的方向性.实验结果与仿真结果有较好的一致性.     

Analysis and design of optically transparent antenna on photonic band gap structures

An optically transparent microstrip patch antenna is designed on photonic bandgap structures and its radiation characteristics are computed and analyzed in the visible spectrum region. The proposed antenna consists of indium tin oxide, a transparent conducting material used both as a radiating patch and a ground plane separated by the 5 μm thin glass substrate. The introduction of periodic cylindrical air cavity structures in the glass substrate leads to the formation of photonic band gap. The patch thickness is carefully selected based on the analysis of the optical transmission coefficient with respect to patch thickness. The effective dielectric constant of the photonic band gap loaded glass substrate is computed using the effective medium approach. The refractive index of the proposed antenna is presented and discussed. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is shown to improve significantly due to insertion of proposed photonic band gap structures. The proposed design has yielded a bandwidth of 2–2.3 THz for a return loss (S₁₁) of less than −15dB and achieved a peak gain of 4.97dB at 2.27 THz.     

A parametric antenna for hydrophysical research on long-distance paths

This work considers the capabilities of a hydroacoustic antenna based on principles of nonlinear acoustics to perform hydrophysical studies on long-distance paths. The antenna is described and results from initial experiments at sea are reported. The antenna is installed at a depth of 40 m at the site of investigations by the Hydrophysical Institute, Abkhazia Academy of Sciences. At a pumping frequency of 20 kHz, it allows the medium to be probed in the 300–3000 Hz range of parametric radiation on long-distance routes. The sharp directional pattern (2° angular resolution) of the broadband parametric radiation ensures single-mode excitation of the marine waveguide throughout the frequency band. Generation of a specific signal by a parametric antenna provides conditions for using the frequency dispersion of the velocity of acoustic signal propagation in the marine waveguide to compress the signal as it travels along a long-distance path.