胶子喷注和夸克喷注性质的蒙特卡洛研究

用蒙特卡洛方法研究了91.2GeV e⁺e^－碰撞产生的3喷注事件.用3个喷注之间的夹角来标识各个喷注,分别计算了3个喷注的能量及能量分布,并在相同能量下计算了3个喷注的多重数,横动量及其分布.通过与能量相同的2喷注事件中单夸克喷注的上述性质的比较,得到了从3喷注事件中挑选胶子喷注和夸克喷注的一种简便方法.这样挑选出来的胶子和夸克喷注在性质上与QCD的理论预言一致,并且胶子和夸克喷注的平均多重数比值的计算结果与实验观测值符合     

夸克喷注与胶子喷注角分布特性的研究

用蒙特卡洛模拟Jetset 7.4产生质心能量为91.2GeV的正负电子对撞事件. 在引入喷注的圆锥角后, 对不同味的夸克喷注和由不同味夸克发射的胶子产生的喷注的角分布特性进行了仔细研究. 结果发现, 在相同的能量下, 胶子喷注的角分布范围比夸克喷注的角分布范围要明显宽一些. 在带电粒子数、横动量相同的条件下, 胶子喷注的平均圆锥角比夸克喷注的平均圆锥角大很多. 喷注的平均圆锥角随带电多重数以及喷注的横动量的分布都呈线性正关联. 由不同味的夸克发射的胶子产生的喷注的圆锥角分布特性相同；而不同味的夸克喷注的圆锥角分布存在明显的差异.     

HERA分解光子过程中的双喷注产生

在次领头级(NLO)近似下计算了HERA分解光子过程中的双喷注截面.结果表明:在分解光子过程中,NLO修正量(当不变质量大于20GeV时)约为LO的0.5到1.这一结果可解释ZEUS的数据分析结果:“LOQCD理论值比实验值低1.5到2个因子.”当双喷注不变质量M_JJ<30GeV=,快度y_JJ<—1时,光子的胶子分布决定了双喷注截面.利用这一特点可测量光子的胶子分布.当双喷注不变质量较大时(例如:M_JJ>30GeV),-1JJ<0时,光子的夸克分布决定了双喷注截面,利用这一特点可测量光子的夸克分布.     

夸克胶子喷注的人工神经网络识别研究

为了将人工神经网络用于高能物理中对喷注的分类识别,用从高能正负电子对撞的蒙特卡洛模拟中得到的不对称三喷注事件中的夸克喷注和胶子喷注的平均多重数、平均横动量和两类喷注所对的夹角的平均值作为输入BP神经网络的3个特征参量,对2?.5—2?2?.5GeV能区的8个能量间隔进行等精度的训练.用训练好的神经网络模型对不对称三喷注事件中的夸克喷注和胶子喷注样本进行检验判定,并对混合喷注样本进行分类识别.所得结果表明,有望将人工神经网络用于高能正负电子对撞产生的喷注的分类分析.     

e+e－湮没中不同味道夸克喷注带电粒子多重数差别

利用“夸克产生律”与“夸克组合律”计算了e⁺e^－湮没中重夸克喷注事例的带电粒子多重数,结果与实验符合.并与轻夸克喷注事例及平均夸克味道喷注事例的多重数做了比较.     

对Z0三喷注事例中色联接敏感可观测量的研究

将末态部分子的色分离联接引入JETSET事例产生器,通过用喷注的DURHAM判据y_cut及用喷注夹角限制事例形状,对Z⁰衰变进行三喷注事例挑选,发现可以得到对色联接敏感的三喷注事例.对于这类事例,末态强子的平均带电多重数及胶子喷注中的一系列可观测量对色联接的敏感性随y_cut值的减小而增大;在小y_cut值时,色中性流和色分离两种联接导致了显著差别.使通过实验测量鉴别部分子的色联接成为可能.     

高能强子–强子碰撞中喷注性质的蒙特卡洛研究

在喷注“圆锥判定法”的基础上,对高能强子–强子碰撞中产生的喷注(微喷注)的性质进行了蒙特卡洛研究.采用以喷注动量为z轴的“喷注坐标系”,给出了表征喷注性质的各物理量在新坐标系中的分布情况.结果表明,圆锥判定法能够作为一种有效手段来对高能强子–强子碰撞和相对论重离子碰撞中发生的硬和半硬过程开展实验研究.由有喷注事件和无喷注事件的多重数分布可以看到,E_t=2GeV是用圆锥法确定喷注的合理的横能截断值.     

双喷注事件中单个喷注内部动力学起伏的蒙特卡洛研究

用蒙特卡洛方法研究了91.2GeV e⁺e^－碰撞产生的双喷注事件中单个喷注内部的动力学起伏.结果表明,喷注内部的动力学起伏的各向异性随着截断参数y_cut的变化而明显地改变.存在一个转变点,在该点处动力学起伏在纵横平面是各向异性的,而在横平面是各向同性的.由此得到了产生喷注的一个标度.     

高能电子-正电子碰撞中产生喷注的标度

对高能电子-正电子对撞产生实验上可以直接观察的可视喷注的标度进行了仔细研究.根据在s=17—30Gev的电子-正电子对撞实验中最先观察到三喷注这一历史事实,论证了可视喷注的相对横动量kt.在5—10GeV/c的范围.并通过一个具体例子说明,只有k_t在这一范围时才能正确地判定事件中的喷注数.仔细比较了由不同k_t得到的喷注内部的动力学起伏,发现只有k_t在5—10GeV/c范围时,喷注内部系统才有最好的反常标度性.从而得到,可视喷注的标度是k_t～5—10GeV/c.讨论了这一标度和微扰QCD的标度1—2GeV之间的关系.     

在s=10—178GeV的e+e－湮没中粲介子与美介子的产额

根据电弱统一标准模型,本文研究了e⁺e^－湮没中各种味道i(i=u,d,s,c,b)的夸克喷注产生几率P_iP_i是能量s的函数.计算的5种夸克喷注产生的几率之比P_u:P_d:P_s:P_c:P_b当s<30GeV时为4:1:1:4:1,当s=m_z=91.16GeV时为7:9:9:7:9,而当s=78与117GeV时为1:1:1:1:1.利用P_c与P_b,我们计算了s=10—178GeV的e⁺e^－湮没中粲介子与美介子的产额     

Mean and fluctuating velocity fields of a diamond turbulent jet

The present paper reports the first investigation on a turbulent jet issuing from a diamond orifice(hereafter termed a "diamond jet") with an aspect ratio of 1.7.Velocity measurements were conducted in the transitional region,and the exit Reynolds number of the jet was 50000.For comparison,a round jet with identical normalized boundary conditions was also measured.It is shown that the diamond jet decays and spreads faster than the round jet does over the measured flow region.The axis-switching phenomenon is observed in the diamond jet.Although both jets display primary coherent structures in the near field,these structures are found to break down more rapidly in the diamond jet,due to the higher three-dimensionality of the flow.Moreover,the streamwise components of the Reynolds normal stress and all the shear stresses reach their maxima around the location of the maximal mean shear while the maxima of the lateral components of the Reynolds normal stresses occur around the centreline of the jet.     

喷射技术设备内部流动及其外特性关系的研究

本文在对喷射技术设备内部流场及外特性充分研究的基础上，将宏观与细观研究二种方法有机地结合起来，对进一步揭示喷射技术设备内部流动机理，及其优化设计与高效运行提供了新的研究方法．     

Jet shape modification at LHC energies by JEWEL

Jet shape measurements are employed to explore the microscopic evolution mechanisms of parton-medium interaction in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this study, jet shape modifications are quantified in terms of the fragmentation function F(z), relative momentum p_T~(rel), density of charged particles p(r), jet angularity girth, jet momentum dispersion p_T~(disp),and LeS ub for proton-proton(pp) collisions at 0.9, 2.76. 5.02, 7,and 13 TeV, as well as for lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV by JEWEL. A differential jet shape parameter Dgirth is proposed and studied at a smaller jet radius r 0.3. The results indicate that the medium has the dominant effect on jet shape modification, which also has a weak dependence on the center-of-mass energy. Jet fragmentation is enhanced significantly at very low z 0.02, and fragmented jet constituents are linearly spread to larger jet-radii for p_T~(rel) 1. The waveform attenuation phenomena is observed in p_T~(rel),girth, and Dgirth distributions. The results obtained for D_(girth) from pp to Pb + Pb, where the wave-like distribution in pp collision is ahead of Pb + Pb collisions at small jetradii, indicates a strong medium effect.     

Characteristics of helium DC plasma jets at atmospheric pressure with multiple cathodes

A novel DC plasma torch with multiple cathodes is developed for generating laminar, transitional and turbulent plasma jets. The jet's characteristics, including jet appearance, voltage fluctuation, thermal efficiency, specific enthalpy, and distributions of temperature, pressure, and velocity, are experimentally investigated. The results show that as the gas flow rate increases, the plasma jet transforms first from the laminar state to the transitional state and second to the turbulent state. Compared with the transitional/turbulent jet, the laminar jet possesses not only a better stability and a longer hightemperature zone but also a higher average/core temperature and a higher specific enthalpy at the nozzle's outlet. With the change of jet states from the laminar to the turbulent flow, the core pressure and velocity at the nozzle's outlet increase,while the decaying rates of temperature/pressure/velocity along the jet's axial direction increase sharply. Furthermore, applications of laminar, transitional and turbulent jets for zirconia spray coating are described. The test results indicate that the long laminar jet is favorable for the deposition of a high-quality coating because the powder particles injected into the laminar jet may have better heating and lower kinetic energy.     

Full jet tomography of high-energy nuclear collisions

Parton energy loss in the hot QCD medium will manifest itself not only in the leading hadron spectra but also in the reconstructed jet productions in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. In this paper we report on recent theoretical efforts in studying full jet observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by discussing the modifications of jet shapes, inclusive jet cross section and the vector boson accompanied jet production in the presence of the QGP-induced jet quenching.     

等离子体射流产生与特性的实验研究

本文报道热等离子体射流产生及射流特性的实验研究结果。采用同一个直流等离子体发生器,工作气体流量小时产生出层流等离子体长射流,射流长度随气体流量或弧电流的增加而明显增加;工作气体流量大时则产生出湍流等离子体短射流,此时射流长度几乎与工作气体流量或弧电流无关;在层流与湍流等离子体射流工况之间,存在一个流动状况不稳定的过渡区,此时等离子体射流的平均长度随气流量的加大而减小,但随弧电流的加大而明显加大。层流等离子体长射流有相当好的刚性。     

Effect of noncircular orifice plates on the near flow field of turbulent free jets

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the near-field flow characteristics of turbulent free jets respectively issued from circular, triangular, diamond, rectangular, and notched-rectangular orifice plates into air surroundings. All the orifice plates have identical opening areas or equivalent diameters（De） and their aspect ratios（AR） range from 1 to 6.5. Planar particle image velocimetry（PIV） is used to measure the velocity field at the same Reynolds number of Re = 5 × 10^4,where Re = Ue De/ν with Ue being the exit bulk velocity and ν the kinematic viscosity of fluid. The mean and turbulent velocity fields of all the five jets are compared in detail. Results show that the noncircular jets can enhance the entrainment rate, reflected by the higher acceleration rates of mean velocity decay and spread, shorten the length of the unmixed core,expedite the increase of turbulent intensity compared with the circular counterpart shortened unmixed core, and increase turbulent intensity comparing to the circular counterpart. Among the five jets, the rectangular jet（AR = 6.5） produces the greatest decay rate of the near-field mean velocity, postpones the position at which the 鈥榓xis-switching鈥檖henomenon occurs. This supports that axis switching phenomenon strongly depends on jet initial conditions. In addition, the hump in the centerline variation of the turbulence intensity is observed in the rectangular and triangular jets, but not in the circular jet, nor in diamond jet nor in notched-rectangular jet.     

蒸汽浸没射流引起的紊流区轴向温度分布研究

本文采用紊态扩散模型分析了蒸汽浸没射流凝结过程,通过假设紊流区为单相水轴对称流动,利用自由紊动射流理论得到了紊流区轴向温度的计算公式。根据先前给出的温度特性半宽的实验关联式,得到蒸汽浸没射流引起的紊流区单相水射流的虚源,从而给出了计算紊流区轴向温度的半经验公式。本文中利用无量纲穿透长度确定了紊流区的起点位置,在此紊流区范围内,轴向温度的计算值和实验值吻合得较好,相对误差基本在±5%以内。     

纳秒脉冲放电等离子体射流特性

采用单针式电极,使用单极性重复频率脉冲电源,在常压氦气、氩气、氮气和空气中得到等离子体射流,并改变电压、流量和气体种类,分别观察不同的实验条件对等离子体射流的影响。实验结果表明：射流长度随施加电压的增加而增长;随着流量的连续变化,射流长度先逐渐变长,达到峰值后由于湍流影响,长度又逐渐缩短,达到一定流量后趋于饱和。此外,不同工作气体中的等离子体射流呈现截然不同的外观,氦气和氩气中射流呈针状模式,长度可达7 cm以上;而在氮气和空气中,射流呈现为长度不超过2 cm的刷状模式。     

两电极等离子体合成射流激励器工作特性研究

采用放电测量和高速阴影技术对两电极等离子体合成射流激励器工作特性进行了系统实验研究.实验表明:激励器工作击穿电压和放电峰值电流随激励器所处环境压强的降低和放电频率的增大而减小,激励器腔体内的放电过程为火花电弧放电.典型的等离子体合成射流流场包含有一道前驱激波和一股呈蘑菇状的高速射流.在整个射流发展过程中,前驱激波以当地声速恒速传播,不随激励器条件的改变而变化,波的强度则随着激励器出口直径的减小、腔体体积的增大、环境压强的降低和放电频率的升高而减小.激励器腔体体积和放电频率的增加会降低腔内气体的加热效果,并减小射流速度.激励器出口直径和环境压强对射流速度的影响按规律变化且存在最佳值.本文实各验条件下激励器都产生了明显的前驱激波和高速射流,具有实现高速流场主动流动控制的应用潜能.