氨基酸分析法研究蒙古国博格达汗宫建筑彩画的胶料种类

为了鉴定博格达汗宫建筑彩画使用的胶料,采用氨基酸分析法测定了古代常用胶料(鸡蛋、动物胶及奶类)的氨基酸组成比.分析3类胶料,发现各胶料的氨基酸组成特点,其中动物胶含羟脯氨酸,且甘氨酸平均含量高达20.45%;鸡蛋中天冬氨酸与脯氨酸的比值较高,平均值为2.29;奶类中谷氨酸与丙氨酸的比值较高,平均值为5.01.在此基础上,分析了蒙古国博格达汗宫建筑彩画样品,对样品的氨基酸组成比进行主成分分析,确定了样品胶料的种类.同时,以动物胶特有的氨基酸--羟脯氨酸(含量均值13.6%)为研究对象,估算出文物样品使用胶料的配方为鸡蛋胶原/动物胶胶原(1.5∶ 1),得出了蒙古国博格达汗宫建筑彩画是采用以鸡蛋为主、动物胶为辅的混合胶料的结论.     

胆酸印迹聚合物的制备及在含水介质中的结合性能

为了在含水介质中进行有效印迹,本研究中以双甲基丙烯酰-β-环糊精（BMA-β-CD）和2-(二乙基胺基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DEAEM)为功能单体制备了胆酸印迹聚合物MIP1,并用平衡结合实验研究了MIP1在含水介质中对模板分子的识别能力。结果表明,MIP1比单独以BMA-β-CD或DEAEM为功能单体制备的印迹聚合物MIP2和MIP3,显示出对模板分子更好的选择性结合能力。MIP1的特异性吸附量ΔCP为38.81μmol/g,印迹因子IF为2.46。研究表明,在含水介质中,利用模板分子与功能单体之间的疏水作用和离子作用是提高印迹聚合物分子识别能力的关键。研究还表明,在识别过程中,疏水作用在驱动分子进入印迹孔穴时起重要作用。     

Identification of Different Copper Green Pigments in Renaissance Paintings by Cluster-TOF-SIMS Imaging Analysis

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging using cluster primary ion beams is used for the identification of a green painting layer on the scene The Angels Concert from the Issenheim Altarpiece (painted in 1516) from a German Renaissance painter, Matthias Grünewald. Copper carboxylate clusters inside a basic copper chloride (atacamite) layer have been identified and located in the copper green layer. The mechanisms of transformation of atacamite into copper carboxylates may be initiated by an aging of the paint layers. The combination of the high mass resolution of the technique together with a micrometer spatial resolution and the possibility to simultaneously identify both minerals and organics, has proven to be the method of choice for the study of the stratigraphy of a paint cross-section.     

Identification and Determination of Mercury Binding Proteins in Rabbit Serum

The medicinal use of cinnabar (HgS) has a long history in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) science. On the other hand, mercury is realized as a public hazard and toxicological effects associated with mercury containing compounds are well documented. Therefore, mercury speciation analysis of blood from subjects,who have taken HgS containing TCM for a certain time period, is urgently needed to objectively evaluate the drug effect and toxicity mechanism of cinnabar.     

Identification and Accurate Size Characterization of Nanoparticles in Complex Media

We have developed a new method for the identification and accurate size characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) in complex media based on capillary electrokinetic (CE) separation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Through mass scanning and Gaussian fitting of electropherogram peaks, we can obtain multidimensional information on chemical compositions, size distributions, and ionic species of multiple NPs in a single run. The results are more accurate than those obtained by using conventional methods. This method provides a powerful tool for investigating polydisperse NP systems and rapid screening of NP‐containing products.     

彩绘文物颜料胶结材料分析与表征研究进展

本文系统综述了包括微量化学实验法、光谱分析法、核磁共振法、色谱法、质谱法等分析方法和技术在古代彩绘文物颜料胶结材料分析表征中的应用,并对其应用进展作了展望。     

Identification of the Binding Site of Brucella VirB8 Interaction Inhibitors

Secretion systems translocate virulence factors of many bacterial pathogens, enabling their survival inside the host organism. Consequently, inhibition strongly attenuates pathogenicity and can be considered a target for novel antimicrobial drugs. The type IV secretion system (T4SS) of the intracellular pathogen Brucella is a prerequisite for its virulence, and in this work we targeted the interactions of the?essential assembly factor protein, VirB8, using small-molecule inhibitors. High-throughput screening identified several potent and specific inhibitors, and the target-binding site of these inhibitors was identified by X-ray crystallography, in?silico docking, and analysis of the derivates of the inhibitor B8I-2. VirB8 interaction inhibitors bind to a surface groove opposite to the dimerization interface, and by varying the binding-site residues, we were able to determine which residues are required for inhibitor activity. E115 and K182 were found to be especially important, and changes at R114, Y229, and L151 also reduced inhibitor efficiency.     

药物头孢氨苄分子模板聚合物水中结合性质的研究

采用分子模板技术合成了以头孢氨苄为模板分子以三氟甲基丙烯酸和４－乙烯基吡啶同时为功能单体的分子模板聚合物。将得到的棒状聚合物研磨过筛后,运用平衡结合实验研究了头孢氨苄分子模板聚合物的结合性质,Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ分析表明,在所研究的浓度范围内,在聚合物中形成了两类不同的结合位点。头孢氨苄分子模板聚合物与其化学组成相同的非模板聚合物相比,有很高的结合容量。底物选择性实验表明,与其它结构相似的药物相比,     

可溶性耐药相关钙结合蛋白的生物质谱分析与鉴定

可溶性耐药相关钙结合蛋白最初由Meyers等从长春新碱诱导的中国仓鼠多药耐药细胞株中发现,在多种耐药细胞株中均有高表达,它作为一种钙结合蛋白,一旦大量表达,即可改变细胞内钙环境,从而影响信号传导,使其它受钙调节的蛋白质的功能发生改变。     

Macrocyclic Receptors for Identification and Selective Binding of Substrates of Different Nature

Molecular recognition of host/guest molecules represents the basis of many biological processes and phenomena. Enzymatic catalysis and inhibition, immunological response, reproduction of genetic information, biological regulatory functions, the effects of drugs, and ion transfer—all these processes include the stage of structure recognition during complexation. The goal of this review is to solicit and publish the latest advances in the design and sensing and binding abilities of porphyrin-based heterotopic receptors with well-defined geometries, the recognition ability of which is realized due to ionic, H-bridge, charge transfer, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic interactions. The dissection of the considered low-energy processes at the molecular scale expands our capabilities in the development of effective systems for controlled recognition, selective delivery, and prolonged release of substrates of different natures (including drugs) to their sites of functioning.     

Mapping and Identification of Biopharmaceutical Grade Cell Culture Media by MEKC

This paper describes a rapid micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic (MEKC) method for the mapping and identification of biopharmaceutical grade cell culture media. The method has been validated and we currently use it as an identity test for raw material release testing of cell culture media. The MEKC method is capable of resolving components of cell culture medium with specificity, matching the sample profile with the expected component profile, and precision. The precision of the assay was shown by comparison of peak migration times and relative peak areas of three injections of test media on each of three days. The intra-day and inter-day peak migration times and UV_214 nm responses (% total peaks areas) of the assay were within acceptable ranges. The intermediate precision (% Relative Standard Deviation) of peak migration times was less than 3%. The intermediate precision (% Relative Standard Deviation) of relative percent peak areas was less than 10% for major peaks present. A linear relationship between response (% total peaks areas) and the concentration of the cell culture medium was observed, with the average correlation coefficient of >0.96 for major peaks (each accounting for greater than 2% of total peaks areas). Based on the identification by chromatographic profile, linearity, and precision, the MEKC method for the mapping of cell culture media components is suitable for the intended use.

     

Mapping and Identification of Biopharmaceutical Grade Cell Culture Media by MEKC

This paper describes a rapid micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic (MEKC) method for the mapping and identification of biopharmaceutical grade cell culture media. The method has been validated and we currently use it as an identity test for raw material release testing of cell culture media. The MEKC method is capable of resolving components of cell culture medium with specificity, matching the sample profile with the expected component profile, and precision. The precision of the assay was shown by comparison of peak migration times and relative peak areas of three injections of test media on each of three days. The intra-day and inter-day peak migration times and UV_214 nm responses (% total peaks areas) of the assay were within acceptable ranges. The intermediate precision (% Relative Standard Deviation) of peak migration times was less than 3%. The intermediate precision (% Relative Standard Deviation) of relative percent peak areas was less than 10% for major peaks present. A linear relationship between response (% total peaks areas) and the concentration of the cell culture medium was observed, with the average correlation coefficient of >0.96 for major peaks (each accounting for greater than 2% of total peaks areas). Based on the identification by chromatographic profile, linearity, and precision, the MEKC method for the mapping of cell culture media components is suitable for the intended use.     

Potential Application of Voltammetry of Microparticles for Dating Porcine Blood‐based Binding Media used in Taiwanese Architectural Polychromies

A method for dating Hemoglobine‐containing archaeological samples using the voltammetry of microparticles is described. This is based on the record of the voltammetric response of such materials attached to paraffin‐impregnated graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous acetate buffer. Signals attributable to the Fe^III/Fe^II iron couple and their catalytic enhancement in the presence of H₂O₂ can be correlated, via first‐order reaction kinetics, with the time of aging of the samples. The method has been applied to the study and dating of the polychromed architectural decoration of different parts of the architectural complex of the Longshan Temple in Lukang (18^th century, Taiwan).     

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Inhibitors by In Vitro Screening of Drug Libraries

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. The first step of viral infection is cell attachment, which is mediated by the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), part of the virus spike protein, to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, drug repurposing to discover RBD-ACE2 binding inhibitors may provide a rapid and safe approach for COVID-19 therapy. Here, we describe the development of an in vitro RBD-ACE2 binding assay and its application to identify inhibitors of the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD to ACE2 by the high-throughput screening of two compound libraries (LOPAC^®1280 and DiscoveryProbeTM). Three compounds, heparin sodium, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), and ellagic acid, were found to exert an effective binding inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 5.5 µg/mL. A plaque reduction assay in Vero E6 cells infected with a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus confirmed the inhibition efficacy of heparin sodium and ATA. Molecular docking analysis located potential binding sites of these compounds in the RBD. In light of these findings, the screening system described herein can be applied to other drug libraries to discover potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.     

绘画资料中所见的宋代建筑避风与遮阳装修*

甲硫醇(CH_3SH)是医药、农药、饲料和合成材料等领域的重要有机合成中间体,以硫化氢合成气(CO/H_2/H_2S)一步催化合成CH_3SH具有广泛的应用前景.目前,钾改性的二硫化钼材料是一步法合成CH_3SH最高效和广泛的催化剂,但是对催化剂活性相以及K和MoS_2之间物理化学行为认知的不足严重限制了其催化性能.我们主要综述了钾钼基催化剂上3类活性相(MoS_2相、 K-MoS_2相和K_xMoS_2相)在一步法合成CH_3SH过程的研究现状,简要介绍了可控合成3类活性相的关键因素,重点关注了K对MoS_2相的调控作用及其对合成CH_3SH反应机理的影响,并对钾钼基催化剂一步法合成CH_3SH的未来发展进行了展望.     

Identification and Characterization of a Single High‐Affinity Fatty Acid Binding Site in Human Serum Albumin

A single high‐affinity fatty acid binding site in the important human transport protein serum albumin (HSA) is identified and characterized using an NBD (7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)‐C₁₂ fatty acid. This ligand exhibits a 1:1 binding stoichiometry in its HSA complex with high site‐specificity. The complex dissociation constant is determined by titration experiments as well as radioactive equilibrium dialysis. Competition experiments with the known HSA‐binding drugs warfarin and ibuprofen confirm the new binding site to be different from Sudlow‐sites I and II. These binding studies are extended to other albumin binders and fatty acid derivatives. Furthermore an X‐ray crystal structure allows locating the binding site in HSA subdomain IIA. The knowledge about this novel HSA site will be important for drug depot development and for understanding drug‐protein interaction, which are important prerequisites for modulation of drug pharmacokinetics.     

论中国画跨代传播中的图像志传统

“跨代传播”是中国古代绘画传承过程中的一种独特现象：后代鉴藏者通过题跋的方式,谈论、品评前代人的作品,回应之前观赏者的心得体会,古画由此成为不同时代的人之间延期对话的媒介。对画卷的诸多题跋加以考察会发现,古代观赏者往往热衷于图像志的阐释−建立图画与古典文献之间的关联,深挖作品背后的意涵。然而,不同时代、阶层的观赏者有时会对同一幅画的含义作出全然不同的解释。本文对中国绘画跨代传播中的图像志传统加以系统梳理,考察了观画者如何通过题跋构建特定的话语模式,并试图揭示在种种相异乃至对立的图像志阐释背后存在的深层权力关系争夺。