On mean approximation by polynomials with gaps on non-caratheodory domains

The paper presents some new results on approximation by polynomials with gaps in the norm of the space L _p , 1 ≤ p < ∞, on non-Caratheodory domains in the complex plane. Lacunary versions of several results due to A. L. Shahinian, M. M. Djrbashian, S. M. Mergelian and J. Brennan are proved.     

On 3-monotone approximation by piecewise polynomials

We consider 3-monotone approximation by piecewise polynomials with prescribed knots. A general theorem is proved, which reduces the problem of 3-monotone uniform approximation of a 3-monotone function, to convex local L₁ approximation of the derivative of the function. As the corollary we obtain Jackson-type estimates on the degree of 3-monotone approximation by piecewise polynomials with prescribed knots. Such estimates are well known for monotone and convex approximation, and to the contrary, they in general are not valid for higher orders of monotonicity. Also we show that any convex piecewise polynomial can be modified to be, in addition, interpolatory, while still preserving the degree of the uniform approximation. Alternatively, we show that we may smooth the approximating piecewise polynomials to be twice continuously differentiable, while still being 3-monotone and still keeping the same degree of approximation.     

New integral mean estimates for polynomials

In this paper we prove someL ^P inequalities for polynomials, wherep is any positive number. They are related to earlier inequalities due to A Zygmund, N G De Bruijn, V V Arestov, etc. A generalization of a polynomial inequality concerning self-inversive polynomials, is also obtained.     

Approximation by polynomials on quaternionic compact sets

In this paper, we obtain several extensions to the quaternionic setting of some results concerning the approximation by polynomials of functions continuous on a compact set and holomorphic in its interior. To this end, we prove an analog of the Riemann mapping theorem for a subclass of open sets, whose validity involves precisely the slice regular functions for which the composition remains slice regular. The results include approximation on compact starlike sets and compact axially symmetric sets. The cases of some concrete particular sets are described in details, including also quantitative estimates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the best approximation of vector valued functions by polynomials with coefficients in vector spaces

In this paper, we prove some basic results concerning the best approximation of vector-valued functions by algebraic and trigonometric polynomials with coefficients in normed spaces, called generalized polynomials. Thus we obtain direct and inverse theorems for the best approximation by generalized polynomials and results concerning the existence (and uniqueness) of best approximation generalized polynomials. This paper was written during the 2005 Spring Semester when the second author (S.G. Gal) was a Visiting Professor at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Memphis, TN, USA. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 41A65, 41A17, 41A27     

Best approximation by downward sets with applications

We develop a theory of downward sets for a class of normed ordered spaces. We study best approximation in a normed ordered space X by elements of downward sets, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for any element of best approximation by a closed downward subset of X. We also characterize strictly downward subsets of X, and prove that a downward subset of X is strictly downward if and only if each its boundary point is Chebyshev. The results obtained are used for examination of some Chebyshev pairs （W,x）, where ∈ X and W is a closed downward subset of X     

The algebra of linear functionals on polynomials,with applications to Padé approximation

Some results about the algebra of linear functionals on the vector space of complex polynomials are given. These results have applications to Padé-type and Padé approximation. In particular an expression for the relative error is obtained.     

On the existence of the best discrete approximation in norm by reciprocals of real polynomials

For the given data (w_i,x_i,y_i), i=1,…,M, we consider the problem of existence of the best discrete approximation in l_p norm (1≤p<∞) by reciprocals of real polynomials. For this problem, the existence of best approximations is not always guaranteed. In this paper, we give a condition on data which is necessary and sufficient for the existence of the best approximation in l_p norm. This condition is theoretical in nature. We apply it to obtain several other existence theorems very useful in practice. Some illustrative examples are also included.     

Approximation by polynomials and smooth functions in Sobolev spaces with respect to measures

The density of polynomials is straightforward to prove in Sobolev spaces W^k,p((a,b)), but there exist only partial results in weighted Sobolev spaces; here we improve some of these theorems. The situation is more complicated in infinite intervals, even for weighted L^p spaces; besides, in the present paper we have proved some other results for weighted Sobolev spaces in infinite intervals.     

Approximation by polynomials with nonnegative coefficients and the spectral theory of positive operators

For a compact subset of symmetric with respect to conjugation and a continuous function, we obtain sharp conditions on and that insure that can be approximated uniformly on by polynomials with nonnegative coefficients. For a real Banach space, a closed but not necessarily normal cone with , and a bounded linear operator with , we use these approximation theorems to investigate when the spectral radius of belongs to its spectrum . A special case of our results is that if is a Hilbert space, is normal and the 1-dimensional Lebesgue measure of is zero, then . However, we also give an example of a normal operator (where is unitary and ) for which and .

     

Weighted approximation by Bernstein quasiinterpolants for functions with singularities

We introduce a new type of modified Bernstein quasi-interpolants, which can be used to approximate functions with singularities. We establish direct, inverse, and equivalent theorems of the weighted approximation of this modified quasi-interpolants. Some classical results on approximation of continuous functions are generalized to the weighted approximation of functions with singularities.     

Remez-type inequality on sets with cusps

A Remez-type inequality is proved for a large family of sets with cusps in R^N${\mathbb{R}}^N$, including compact, fat and semialgebraic (or subanalytic) sets.     

Solving integral equations with logarithmic kernels by Chebyshev polynomials

In this paper, a finite Chebyshev expansion is developed to solve Volterra integral equations with logarithmic singularities in their kernels. The error analysis is derived. Numerical results are given showing a marked improvement in comparison with the piecewise polynomial collocation method given in literature.     

On differential equations for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle

In this paper we characterize sequences of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle whose corresponding Carathéodory function satisfies a Riccati differential equation with polynomial coefficients, in terms of second order matrix differential equations. In the semi-classical case, a characterization in terms of second order linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients is deduced.     

具有边梁加固的板弯曲问题的变分-差分方法研究

具有边梁加固的板的弯曲问题,其平衡方程模型为四阶椭圆型偏微分方程的边值问题,其中的自然边界条件涉及到了沿板边的切线和法线方向的高阶导数,对于非均匀、变厚度的板,该问题还具有"变系数"的特点.由问题的变分模型入手,应用变分-差分方法构造了该边值问题的一个差分格式.由于该方法能够结合平衡方程模型中的边界条件以消除沿板边的高阶导数项,因而,所得差分算子仅仅依赖于板面网格结点,并且保持了差分算子的对称、正定性质.同时,将已得算法在计算机上进行了数值模拟,并与现有文献进行了对比计算.结果显示本文所给出的算法具有较高的精确度,该算法将可用于定量地揭示板与边梁之间相互作用的规律,为工程设计提供参考依据.     

Weighted approximation by entire functions interpolating at finitely or infinitely many points on the real line

We give error estimates for the weighted approximation of functions on the real line with Freud-type weights, by entire functions interpolating at finitely or infinitely many points on the real line. The error estimates involve weighted moduli of continuity corresponding to general Freud-type weights for which the density of polynomials is not always guaranteed.     

The Luzin approximation of functions from classes Wαp on metric spaces with measure

In this paper we prove an analog of the Luzin theorem on correction for spaces of the Sobolev type on an arbitrary metric space with a measure, satisfying the doubling condition. The correcting function belongs to the H?lder class and approximates a given function in the metrics of the initial space. Dimensions of exceptional sets are evaluated in terms of Hausdorff capacities and volumes. Original Russian Text ? V.G. Krotov and M.A. Prokhorovich, 2008, published in Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Matematika, 2008, No. 5, pp. 55–66. Dedicated to the memory of Petr Lavrent’evich Ul’yanov     

An integro-local theorem applicable on the whole half-axis to the sums of random variables with regularly varying distributions

We obtain an integro-local limit theorem for the sum S(n) = ξ(1)+?+ξ(n) of independent identically distributed random variables with distribution whose right tail varies regularly; i.e., it has the form P(ξ≥t) = t ^?β L(t) with β > 2 and some slowly varying function L(t). The theorem describes the asymptotic behavior on the whole positive half-axis of the probabilities P(S(n) ∈ [x, x + Δ)) as x → ∞ for a fixed Δ > 0; i.e., in the domain where the normal approximation applies, in the domain where S(n) is approximated by the distribution of its maximum term, as well as at the “junction” of these two domains.