Polysaccharides of the protein-lipoid-polysaccharide complex of the mycelium ofVerticillium dahliae. I. Isolation and fractionation

A phytotoxic PLPC has been isolated from the mycelium of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb., strain 614. The polysaccharide component has been split out from the PLPC by mild acid hydrolysis. The polysaccharide has been fractionated and the monosaccharide compositions of the fractions have been determined. A phytotoxic polysaccharide homogeneous according to gel chromatography and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose has been isolated which consists of an α-glucan containing a minor amount of D-glucosamine.     

The structure of the glucomannan from the tuberous roots of Eremurus altaicus

Summary By fractionating the initial water-soluble polysaccharide from the tuberous roots ofEremurus altaicus, a homogeneous naturally acetylated glucomannan with a molecular weight of 108,000–120,000 has been isolated.On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation and methylation and a study of the products of partial cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, the structure of a repeating heptasaccharide section of the chain consisting of -14-linked D-glucopyranose (2 moles) and D-mannopyranose (5 moles) residues has been established. The glucomannan apparently contains 95–100 such sections. It has been shown that in each repeating solution there is one O-acetyl group at a C₃ atom of a glucose residue.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 189–195, March–April, 1977.     

The mannan formed by the yeastBullera tsugae

The structure of an extracellular mannan formed by the yeastBullera tsugae has been studied. It has been shown that the repeating unit of this polysaccharide contains -(13)- and -(14)-bound D-mannopyranose residues in equimolar ratio. A comparison has been made of the polymer under investigation with the extracellular mannan from a yeast of the genusRhodotorula. Leningrad Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 746–750, November–December, 1985.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. II. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides ofBiebersteinia multifida

The polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida D. C. have been isolated and characterized. The neutral polysaccharide consists of a mixture of three glucans — A, B, and C — with molecular weights of 4100, 2200, and 1100, respectively, formed by D-glucopyran residues linked by bonds.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plants Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 755–757, November–December, 1985.     

Polysaccharides of Polygonatum. VII. A glucofructan from P. sewerzowii

A glucofructan has been isolated from the rhizomes ofPolygonatum sewerzowii Bunge and has been called pseverin. According to its chemical and spectral characteristics, pseverin is a polysaccharide containing both inulin, 2 1, and leven, 2 6, glycosidic bonds. The problem of the correlation between the molecular structure of a glucofructan and its supermolecular organization has been considered. X-radiographic and electron-microscope studies have been made of pseverin and its acetate. It has been established that on precipitating from solution pseverin forms globular particles which aggregate to give elongated necklace-like formations. Fine lamellar structures are characteristic for the acetate.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1986.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae VII. The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 from the culture liquid

Summary The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 that causes the characteristic symptoms of wilt in tests on cotton-plant shoots in a concentration of 100–150 µg/ml, has been isolated from the culture liquid of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb.On the basis of qualitative reaction, spectral characteristics, and a study of hydrolysis products, PKZh-1 has been assigned to the peptide group. A red substance identified as 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone has been isolated from an acid hydrolyzate of PKZh-1.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–693, September–October, 1977.     

A new quercetin diglycoside from Campanula glomerata

Summary A new quercetin diglycoside — campanuloside — has been isolated from the herbage ofCampanula glomerata L., and for it the structure of quercetin 3-O--D-galactopyranoside-7-O--D-glucopyranoside has been proposed.Leningrad Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 134–136, March–April, 1975.     

Triterpene glycosides of alfalfa. V. Medicoside H

A new triterpene glycoside — medicoside H — has been isolated from the roots ofMedicago sativa L. (Fabaceae), and on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics its structure has been established as medicagenic acid 3-O--D-glucopyranoside 28-O-[O--L-rhamnopyronosyl-(1 2)--L-arabino-pyranoside].Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 673–677, September–October, 1989.     

Glycosides of marine invertebrates. VIII. Steroid glycosides of the holothurianIsostichopus badionotus

The steroid glycoside fraction ofIsostichopus badionotus, consisting of a mixture of D-xylosides of steroid alcohols, has been isolated by column chromatography on silica gel. The mixture of aglycones obtained after acid hydrolysis was separated with the aid of argentation chromatography into several fractions. GLC-MS analysis, and also the use of IR and¹³C NMR spectroscopy has shown that the steroid glycosides ofI. badionotus are xylosides of ⁰-, ⁷-, ²²-, and ^7.22-, C₂₇-, C₂₈-, and C₂₉-steroids of the cholestane series.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic of Cuba, Havana. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 799–802, November–December, 1979.     

Bradykinin-potentiating peptide from venom of the spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus

A bradykinin-potentiating peptide has been isolated from the venom of the spiderLatrodectus tredecimguttatus. Its physicochemical properties and amino acid composition have been investigated in detail. It has been shown by biological testing on isolated neck of the rat uterus that the peptide increases the contractile effect of bradykinin in in vitro experiments. The potentiating unit is 2 · 10^–3 mg/ml. A 50% increase in the hypotensive effect of bradykinin at a concentration of the bradykinin-potentiating peptide of 15 µg/kg of body weight has been found, the increase in the intensity of the effect being accompanied by a prolongation of its action.A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 699–703, September–October, 1989.     

Quinoid pigments of echinodermata III. Minor pigments of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus

Summary 1. 3-Acetyl-2,7-dihydroxy-6-methylnaphthazarin, not previously described, has been isolated from the test and needles of the sea urchinStronglyocentrotus nudus.2. The pigments of this sea urchin have been shown to include 2,7-dihydroxynaphthazarin and spinochrome E.3. A number of minor pigments forming naphthazarin derivatives has been isolated. One of them is connected with spinochrome C by mutual transformations.The subject matter of the present paper was given in part at the All-Union Conference on Biological Resources of the Seas of the Far East (Vladivostok, 1975).Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 202–207, March–April, 1977.     

Physicochemical analysis of a protein with nerve growth activity from the muscle tissue of Rana ridibunda

A protein nerve growth factor has been isolated in the pure form from the muscles of the lake frogRana ridibunda. The individuality of the substance obtained has been shown, its molecular mass (106.0–110.0 kDa) and pI value (9.2–9.4) have been determined, and lysine and valine have been found as the N- and C-terminal amino acid residues of its polypeptide chain. In view of the detection of the presence of sugars (about 1%), the substance has been identified as a glycoprotein. Its absorption spectra in the UV region has been obtained and the amino acid composition of the isolated protein has been determined. Information on the amino acid composition of various proteins with nerve growth activity has been subjected to comparative analysis with the aid of computer programs, and on this base their phylogenetic tree has been constructed.Institute of Biochemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 251–257, March–April, 1992.     

Cardiac glycosides ofDigitalis ciliata Trautv.

Summary Acetyldigitoxin- has been isolated from the leaves ofDigitalis ciliata Trautv.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 379–382, 1965.     

Triterpene glycosides of Astragalus and their genins. XXXVIII. Cycloalpigenin D and cycloalpioside D from Astragalus alopecurus

Eight compounds of triterpenoid nature have been isolated from the epigeal parts of the plantAstragalus alopecurus Pall. (Leguminosae) and have been designated in order of increasing polarity as substance 1–8. On the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics, we have established the structures of 4 and 8, which have been called cycloalpigenin D and cycloalpioside D, respectively. Cycloalpigenin D is 20R,24S-epoxycycloartane-3,7,16,25-tetraol. Cycloalpioside D is cycloalpigenin D 3-O--D-xylopyranoside.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 377–384, May–June, 1991.     

Phytoecdysteroids of Rhaponticum carthamoides III. Rhapisterone C

A new ecdysteroid, rhapisterone C, has been isolated from seeds of the plantRhaponticum carthamoides (Willd) Iljin (family Compositae). It has been shown that rhapisterone C is 23-ethylecdysterone.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 231–233, March–April, 1992.     

Flavonoids of Bidens tripartita. III

Summary It has been established that substance 4, isolated previously fromBidens tripartita, is (R-2)isookanin 7-O--D-glucopyranoside [(R-2)flavanomarein]. The compound isolated is a new one for the genusBidens L.Khar'kov State Pharmaceutical Institute. Khar'kov Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 144–147, March–April, 1975.     

Isolation and identification of a trail attractant for the termite Reticulitermes lucifugus from the plant Zizyphus jujuba

Two trail attractants for the termiteR. lucifugus have been isolated from the plantZizyphus jujuba: - and -bisabolenes. The threshold concentrations of the actions of these substances amounts to 10^–9 g/liter. -Bisabolene in the range of concentrations of 1–10^–6 g/liter is a powerful repellant for termites.Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Chernogolovka. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 416–419, May–June, 1989.     

Erysimum glycosides X. Cardenolides of Erysimum cuspidatum

Summary In the separation of the combined polar glycosides from the seeds ofErysimum cuspidatum (M.B.) DC, in addition to cardenolides isolated previously we also obtained cheirotoxin, glucoerysimoside, and a new glycoside which we have called glucolokundjoside. It has been shown that glucolokundjoside has the structure of bipindogenin 3-O-[O--D-glucosyl-(1 4)--L-rhamnopyranoside].The isothiocyanate cheiroline has been isolated from the chloroform fraction.A sample of glucoerysimoside was kindly given to us by I. F. Makarevich (Khar'kov), and a sample of cheirotoxin by T. Reichstein (Basle, Switzerland).Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 166–170, March–April, 1975.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Silene. XVIII. 2-Deoxyecdysterone 20,22-monoacetonide from Silene brahuica

In addition to the known 2-deoxy--ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysterone, 2-deoxy--ecdysone-22-O-acetate, ecdysterone, integristerone A, and sileneoside A, B, and C, the new ecdysteroid 2-deoxyecdysterone 20,20-monoacetonide has been isolated from the roots of the plantSilene brahuica Boiss.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 241–244, March–April, 1991.