电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀土矿中钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥和钪量

通过用四酸与微波消解法溶解样品对比,建立了用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀土矿中16种元素含量。方法采用_¹⁰³Rh作为内标消除干扰,确定了最优测定条件,16种稀土元素检出限为0.0029-0.0099ng/mL,测定范围为0.0005-0.020%。精密度试验、加标回收试验及标准物质检测,结果验证了方法的可行性及准确性。该方法简单易操作,结果可靠,能满足实验分析要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定黑铜中的铜、砷、锑、铋、铅、镍、锌和锡

建立X射线荧光光谱法快速测定黑铜中的铜,砷,锑,铋,铅,镍,锌和锡等多种元素含量的方法。采用自制的黑铜样品作为标准样品建立标准工作曲线。实验确定了样品加工时最佳的铣样速度及谱线重叠干扰的校正方法,并用理论影响系数校正基体干扰。试验结果表明,各元素的工作曲线线性关系较好,线性相关系数均大于0.996。各元素的检出限在17~47μg/g之间。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.038%~2.73%(n=7)。两个样品的测定结果与标准分析方法的测定结果相符。该方法具有较好的准确度和精密度,分析速度快,能满足炉前快速分析的需要。     

ICP-AES法测定铜磁铁矿中铜、锰、铝、钙、镁、钛和磷量

通过样品处理、干扰试验、方法检出限、准确性和精密度试验,确定了最佳实验条件,建立了电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定铜磁铁矿中铜、锰、铝、钙、镁、钛和磷含量的方法。试料经盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,用盐酸溶解盐类,过滤,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定滤液中铜、锰、铝、钙、镁、钛和磷量。方法检出限：锰、钛和磷小于0.00085%,其它元素小于0.0054%,分析结果与分光光度法、XRF法和AAS法分析结果一致,8个实验室对5个水平样品进行协同试验给出了方法的精密度。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定直接法氧化锌中铝、铜、铅、铁、镉、锰

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定直接法氧化锌中铝、铜、铅、铁、镉、锰元素含量的分析方法。确定了溶样方法和分析谱线,对方法精密度和准确度进行了考察,结果表明,各元素的相对标准偏差在2.5%~6.5%,加标回收率在92%~105%,测定结果与其它经典分析方法测定结果一致。所建立的方法准确、快速,适用于直接法氧化锌中多元素同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定直接法氧化锌中铝、铜、铅、铁、镉、锰

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定直接法氧化锌中铝、铜、铅、铁、镉、锰元素含量的分析方法。确定了溶样方法和分析谱线,对方法精密度和准确度进行了考察,结果表明,各元素的相对标准偏差在2.5%~6.5%,加标回收率在92%~105%,测定结果与其它经典分析方法测定结果一致。所建立的方法准确、快速,适用于直接法氧化锌中多元素同时测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定黄铜中铜、铅、铁、铋、锑、磷、砷

采用波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定黄铜中铜、铅、铁、铋、锑、磷和砷。考察了试样表面质量对测量结果的影响,并对黄铜中元素间的吸收增强效应进行了研究。实验发现,吸收效应对黄铜的分析结果有较大影响,需用理论α影响系数进行基体效应校正。采用本法分析了多种黄铜标准样品(普通黄铜、加砷黄铜和特殊黄铜),结果显示,普通黄铜和加砷黄铜的分析结果与标称值相符。文中还给出了方法的实验室内和实验室间的精密度试验结果。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定铅铋合金中的铅、铋、金、银、铜、砷、锑、锡和碲

建立快速测定铅铋合金中铅、铋、金、银、铜、砷、锑、锡、碲含量的X射线荧光光谱法。采用自制的铅铋合金样品作为标准样品,用台式车床制样,用X射线荧光光谱法快速测定铅铋合金中各元素含量,并用α理论系数法和经验系数法相结合对基体效应进行校正。各组分校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.998,检出限为5.54～101μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.06%～7.73%(n=9)。用该方法对3个铅铋合金样品进行分析,测定结果与参考值吻合,相对误差小于8.33%。该方法简便快捷,结果准确,能满足铅铋合金中各元素检测要求,对炉前分析具有很强的实用价值。     

ICP-AES法同时测定微量元素叶面肥料中铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼含量的研究

微量元素叶面肥料中的铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼等元素含量用ICP-AES法同时测定结果与用国家标准方法测定结果完全吻合。该法是一种简便、快速测定微量元素叶面肥料中微量元素的好方法。     

ICP-AES法同时测定玻璃组份中的Ca、Mg、Ti、Fe、Pb、Cd、Al、Si、B、Zn、Cu元素

建立了一种用电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定玻璃成份的简便、快速、准确、精密度好的方法．研究了样品的处理、标准样品的配制、谱线干扰等问题,并采用和基体匹配的方法消除基体的影响,进行了标准样品的分析、对照、精密度等试验,均取得了满意的结果．     

ICP-AES法测定红土镍矿中镍、钙、钛、锰、铜、钴、铬、锌与磷的含量

建立了ICP-AES法测定红土镍矿中Ni;Ca;Ti;Mn;Cu;Co;Cr;Zn和P含量的方法。样品用HCl、HNO3溶解,加入HF和HClO4,加热至HClO4烟冒尽,用HCl溶解盐类,过滤,采用ICP-AES法同时测定滤液中Ni、Ca、Mn、Cu、Co、Zn、P;残渣经灼烧、挥硅、K2S2O7熔融、HCl浸取,所得溶液与滤液合并,测定溶液中Cr和Ti含量。方法检出限:P为0.022μg/mL,其它元素在0.0032～0.0085μg/mL之间,方法的精密度(n=7)在1.4%～2.9%之间。分析结果与分光光度法、XRF法和AAS法分析结果的相对误差:Ni、Cu、Co、Cr小于5%,Ti和Mn小于10%,Zn小于15%,Ca和P小于19%。     

Rare-Earth-compound nanowires, nanotubes, and fullerene-like nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and properties

Various low-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanosheets, and fullerene-like nanoparticles have been selectively synthesized from rare-earth compounds (hydroxides, fluorides) based on a facile hydrothermal method. The subsequent dehydration, sulfidation, and fluoridation processes lead to the formation of rare-earth oxide, oxysulfide, and oxyhalide nanostructures, which can be functionalized further by doping with other rare-earth ions or by coating with metal nanoparticles. Owing to the interesting combination of novel nanostructures and functional compounds, these nanostructures can be expected to bring new opportunities in the vast research areas of and application in biology, catalysts, and optoelectronic devices.     

Zur Charakterisierung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von NaMnP,NaMnAs, NaMnSb,NaMnBi, LiMnAs und KMnAs über Neutronenbeugungsexperimente

The Magnetic Properties of NaMnP, NaMnAs, NaMnSb, NaMnBi, LiMnAs, and KMnAs, Characterized by Neutron Diffraction Experiments Neutron diffraction experiments led to the determination of the antiferromagnetic spin structures of NaMnP, NaMnAs, NaMnSb, NaMnBi, LiMnAs and KMnAs. For the sodium compounds an arrangement was found that can be described in the crystallographic cell; in the case of LiMnAs and KMnAs the c-axes have to be doubled. The Shubnikov-groups are P4/n′m′m′ and P4/n′cc, respectively. The values determined for the magnetic moments can be correlated with the crystal field splittings in the AMnX-structures.     

Ultrastable, redispersible, small, and highly organomodified mesoporous silica nanotherapeutics

Practical biomedical application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles is limited by poor particle dispersity and stability due to serious irreversible aggregation in biological media. To solve this problem, hydrothermally treated mesoporous silica nanoparticles of small size with dual-organosilane (hydrophilic and hydrophobic silane) surface modification have been synthesized. These highly organomodified mesoporous silica nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N(2) adsorption-desorption, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and solid-state (29)Si NMR, and they prove to be very stable in simulated body fluid at physiological temperature. Additionally, they can be dried to a powdered solid and easily redispersed in biological media, maintaining their small size for a period of at least 15 days. Furthermore, this preparation method can be expanded to synthesize redispersible fluorescent and magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The highly stable and redispersible mesoporous silica NPs show minimal toxicity during in vitro cellular assays. Most importantly, two types of doxorubicin, water-soluble doxorubicin and poorly water-soluble doxorubicin, can be loaded into these highly stable mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and these drug-loaded nanoparticles can also be well-redispersed in aqueous solution. Enhanced cytotoxicity to cervical cancer (HeLa) cells was found upon treatment with water-soluble doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles compared to free water-soluble doxorubicin. These results suggest that highly stable, redispersible, and small mesoporous silica nanoparticles are promising agents for in vivo biomedical applications.     

Solvating,manipulating, damaging,and repairing DNA in a computer

This work highlights four different topics in modeling of DNA: (i) the importance of water and ions together with the structure and function of DNA; the hydration structure around the ions appears to be the determining factor in the ion coordination to DNA, as demonstrated in the results of our MD simulations; (ii) how MD simulations can be used to simulate single molecule manipulation experiments as a complement to reveal the structural dynamics of the studied biomolecules; (iii) how damaged DNA can be studied in computer simulations; and (iv) how repair of damaged DNA can be studied theoretically. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

Protein sequence threading,the alignment problem,and a two-step strategy

Conventionally, protein structure prediction via “threading” relies on some nonoptimal method to align a protein sequence to each member of a library of known structures. We show how a score function (force field) can be modified so as to allow the direct application of a dynamic programming algorithm to the problem. This involves an approximation whose damage can be minimized by an optimization process during score function parameter determination. The method is compared to sequence to structure alignments using a more conventional pair-wise score function and the frozen approximation. The new method produces results comparable to the frozen approximation, but is faster and has fewer adjustable parameters. It is also free of memory of the template's original amino acid sequence, and does not suffer from a problem of nonconvergence, which can be shown to occur with the frozen approximation. Alignments generated by the simplified score function can then be ranked using a second score function with the approximations removed. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 1455–1467, 1999     

Acrolein polymerization: Monodisperse,homo, and hybrido microspheres,synthesis, mechanism,and reactions

Monodisperse polyacrolien (PA) microspheres were obtained by a single step process via two mechanisms: (a) aqueous polymerization of acrolein under alkaline conditions and (b) aqueous radical polymerization of acrolein by irradiation with a cobalt source. The diameter of the former microspheres can be varied from 0.04 up to 8 μm. The monodispersity of the system is also discussed. The diameter of the latter microspheres can be varied up to 0.2 μm. Hybrido PA microspheres were formed by grafting PA microspheres of average diameter of 0.1 μm obtained by irradiation onto the surface of PA microspheres produced by the alkaline mechanism. The aldehyde content of the microspheres prepared by irradiation is much higher than those of the microspheres formed under alkaline conditions. The aldehyde groups were used for the covalent binding of ligands containing primary amino groups, such as proteins and drugs, in a single step under physiological pH.     

Strong,Removable, and Photoluminescent Hyperbranched Polyamide-amine Hot Melt Adhesive

The development of adhesive technology is gaining increasing attention in machinery, electronics, aviation, and other fields. However,traditional adhesives are difficult to be peeled and removed after cross-linking and curing due to the limited solubility in common solvents, which causes pollution and damage to the surface of the adherend. In this work, we synthesized random hyperbranched polyamide-amine hot melt adhesives through Michael addition of 1,8-octanediamine and N,N'-methylene diacrylamide(ODA-RHP HMA). Owing to the presence of various polar groups, ODA-RHP HMA exhibited robust lap shear strength to different substrates, including glass(6.6 MPa), ceramics(10.3 MPa), steel(11.5 MPa), and aluminum(11.8 MPa). Due to the hydrogen bonds in ODA-RHP, the HMA demonstrated intrinsic self-healing ability, which can be used repeatedly when being subjected to cyclic heating and cooling. Since ODA-RHP HMA can be swollen or dissolved in ethanol, the adhesives can be easily removed through erasing. In addition, ODA-RHP exhibited aggregation-induced luminescence due to the tertiary amine structure in the molecular structure of ODA-RHP, which can be used in the field of cultural relics restoration.     

Ag-catalyzed asymmetric mannich reactions of enol ethers with aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl imines

An efficient catalytic and enantioselective method (up to >98% ee) for Mannich reactions between trimethylsilyl enol ethers derived from acetone and acetophenone and aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkyl imines is disclosed. A large variety of beta-amino ketones can be synthesized in the presence of 1-5 mol % AgOAc and an inexpensive and readily available amino acid-derived phosphine. All Ag-catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reactions can be run in undistilled THF and air. The o-anisyl activating groups of product amines can be removed in >70% isolated yield through a single vessel operation. The synthetic utility of the catalytic asymmetric method is illustrated by a four-pot synthesis of optically pure alkaloid (-)-sedamine.     

Rapid,automatic, high capacity dumas determination of nitrogen

Chemical and physical processes which take place in the Carlo Erba ANA 1400 automatic nitrogen analyzer were investigated. The instrument and its sampler were modified. Several drums with samples can be stacked upon each other for automatic analysis.About 100 analyses can be carried out in a working day, and the instrument can be loaded with further 100 or more samples for automatic analysis overnight.One analysis takes 5 min and the analyst can present a result within less than 10 min after that he has obtained the specimen for analysis. A minimum of labor is required. The instrument does clean work, requires very little laboratory space, and causes no environmental hazards.A series of 20 analyses of pure organic nitrogen-containing compounds gave a standard deviation from theory of 0.08% N. Examples of nitrogen determinations in mineral oils are reported. A cyclone mill, Retsch ZM1 was found to grind 200 g of grains, hay, peat, and other materials of agricultural interest in about 1 min to a powder, fine enough for analysis with the ANA. Examples of such analyses are reported.The method can favorably replace the Kjeldahl method in many instances of industrial, agricultural, and food analysis.     

GROMACS: fast, flexible, and free

This article describes the software suite GROMACS (Groningen MAchine for Chemical Simulation) that was developed at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, in the early 1990s. The software, written in ANSI C, originates from a parallel hardware project, and is well suited for parallelization on processor clusters. By careful optimization of neighbor searching and of inner loop performance, GROMACS is a very fast program for molecular dynamics simulation. It does not have a force field of its own, but is compatible with GROMOS, OPLS, AMBER, and ENCAD force fields. In addition, it can handle polarizable shell models and flexible constraints. The program is versatile, as force routines can be added by the user, tabulated functions can be specified, and analyses can be easily customized. Nonequilibrium dynamics and free energy determinations are incorporated. Interfaces with popular quantum-chemical packages (MOPAC, GAMES-UK, GAUSSIAN) are provided to perform mixed MM/QM simulations. The package includes about 100 utility and analysis programs. GROMACS is in the public domain and distributed (with source code and documentation) under the GNU General Public License. It is maintained by a group of developers from the Universities of Groningen, Uppsala, and Stockholm, and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz. Its Web site is http://www.gromacs.org.