On the confluence of coherence in the photoelectron spectrum near autoionizing level

The photoelectron spectrum is found in a region of energies close to some autoionizing level. Interference of the direct transition from a bound state to the continuum with the transition via autoionizing level is studied. The photoelectron spectrum is shown to have two maxima one of which can be much narrower than the other. Photoionization of the autoionizing level is taken into account and is shown to affect essentially the degree of interference and the parameters of the photoelectron spectrum. In particular if for the autoionizing level under consideration the cross section of photoionization is not anomalously small the width of the narrower maximum is shown to grow monotonously with the increase of the external field strength ξ₀ (in contrast with the consideration in which the process of photoionization is ignored). The analytical formulae determining the photoelectron spectrum are derived and investigated in detail.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency and light slowdown for Λ-like systems with a structured continuum

Electric susceptibility of a laser-dressed atomic medium is calculated for a model Λ-like system including two lower states and a continuum structured by a presence of an autoionizing state or a continuum with a laser-induced structure. Depending on the strength of a control field, it is possible to obtain a significant reduction of the light velocity in a narrow frequency window in the conditions of a small absorption. It is shown that increasing the values of the asymmetry parameters leads to an increase of the values of both real and imaginary parts of the medium susceptibility and to an increase of the width of the transparency window, compared with the case of a flat continuum. A smooth transition is shown between the case of a flat continuum and that of a discrete state serving as the upper state of a Λ system.     

Higher Order Nonlinear Effect and Limitation of Soliton Propagation in Dispersive-Nonlinear Medium for Dispersion-Shifted Fiber

A computer simulation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is carried out to evaluate the impact of nonlinear susceptibility of a single mode fiber on the transmission of a soliton pulse. The third and fifth order nonlinear susceptibilities are considered in the simulation. The results show that the output soliton pulse shape strongly depends on the third order nonlinear susceptibility and gets distorted when the full width half maximum (FWHM) pulse width is of the order of 10ps or less.     

Eu原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns自电离态的光谱的研究(英文)

采用孤立实激发技术,对铕原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns(n=7,8)自电离态的光谱进行了系统的研究,同时是首次在不同激光偏振组合下进行的研究。首先,用前两束激光分步将铕原子从基态4f~76s~2经中间4f~76s6p态激发至4f~76sns里德堡态,然后再用第三束激光通过离子实4f~76s~+→4f~76p~+_(3/2)的跃迁将其进一步激发至4f~76p_(3/2)7s自电离态或4f~76p_(3/2)8s自电离态。对铕原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns(n=7,8)自电离态复杂的光谱分别给出了详细的解释,从中我们可以获得一些重要的光谱信息,比如自电峰的能级位置和线宽等,同时还可以观察到收敛于不同离子限的自电离系列之间的组态相互作用。最后,通过比较不同激光偏振组合下的自电离光谱,确定了一些自电离态的总角动量的值。     

Experimental study of autoionizing states of AuI

This paper describes the investigation of the autoionizing states of AuI by exciting the states of 6d ² D _3/2 and 6d D _5/2 with tunable dye lasers by means of a resonance ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RI-TOFMS). Many new autoionizing states were found, a few of which have narrow-linewidths of about 0.1 cm^–1. The photoionization efficiencies for different channels were compared. Among the autoionizing states found so far, the highest photoionization yield is given by two newly obtained states from the state 6d ² D _5/2, 3683.6 cm^–1 and 4636.5 cm^–1 above the first ionization limit. In addition, the Shore-Fano profile parameters of several autoionizing resonances were determined by a nonlinear fitting program.     

Intrinsic pulse-width dependence of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility in the femtosecond regime

We demonstrate that the second-order coupling of local polarizations contributes significantly to the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility chi((3)) through cascaded processes, as much as does direct third-order coupling. Temporal analysis of nonlinear polarization shows that chi((3)) depends intrinsically on pulse width if the pulse width is shorter than about 10 times the relaxation time of nonlinear polarization. Analysis of the pulse-width dependence of the third-order polarization in a femtosecond regime may differentiate the second-order local cascading process and the direct third-order process.     

Line shape parameters study of the 6p7p (<Superscript>1</Superscript>P<Subscript>1</Subscript>, <Superscript>3</Superscript>D<Subscript>1</Subscript> and <Superscript>3</Superscript>P<Subscript>1</Subscript>): Autoionizing resonances in barium

We report a systematic line shape analysis study of the 6p7p configuration based ¹P₁, ³D₁ and ³P₁ autoionizing resonances in barium using a Nd:YAG pumped dye laser system in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. The even parity isolated autoionizing resonances have been approached via four intermediate states 6 snp ¹P₁ (6 ≤n ≤8) and 5d6p ¹P₁. A comparison of the Fano parameters of the resonance profiles reveals that the width of an autoionizing resonance is independent of the excitation path while the line profile parameter changes with the selection of different intermediate states.     

Enhanced nonlinearity and transparency via autoionizing resonance

The nonlinear response of an autoionizing medium in which coherence is established essentially by nonradiative interactions is analyzed. It is found that, by proper tuning of two radiation fields, the third-order nonlinearities can be enhanced while the absorption is canceled. The proposed scheme is particularly useful for enhancing nonlinearities in the VUV region.     

Efficient sum-frequency mixing through transparency induced by autoionization

It is shown that efficient sum-frequency mixing is possible through transparency induced by autoionization. Tuning the incident laser frequencies to the absorption minimum of an autoionizing resonance for the generated wave greatly reduces the linear absorption of the generated wave while third-order susceptibility is still enhanced. The proposed scheme does not require any strong radiative couplings and would be particularly useful for the generation of short-wavelength radiation.     

New nonlinear laser techniques for studies of negative ions on and off an ion storage ring

New nonlinear laser methods, based on sequential double photoionization, have recently been introduced to the study of structural and dynamic properties of atomic negative ions; the techniques developed can lead to new experimental approaches aimed at fundamental problems in atomic physics. We briefly describe the recent developments related to the investigations of dynamic properties of autoionizing negative ions, nonlinear photoabsorption in the continuum, and the dynamics of the three-body system in the Wannier-ridge region. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Third order susceptibility enhancement using GaN based composite nanoparticle

In this work, we are going to introduce a new composite nanostructure (metal-dielectric) based on GaN to manage optical and electrical properties. For doing and evaluation of these properties, first, we evaluated and calculated the wave functions and energy levels of the introduced structure by solving the Schrodinger equation analytically. Then using wave function nonlinear optical properties such as third order susceptibility are studied. We observed that with control of nanoparticle parameters different behavior is obtained. For example with increase of the well width, third order susceptibility is decreased too but with more increasing the well width we observed increasing the nonlinear susceptibility. This effect depends on different displacement of ground and first excited stated energy levels and consequently wave functions due to changing of defect radius. Also, we show that the third order susceptibility in this case is very larger than bulk cases. Finally it should mention that the reported results are for wavelengths larger than 30 μm.     

Study on the biexciton in CdS by low intensity non linear coherent mixing

We report the unambiguous observation of biexciton in CdS by non linear spectroscopy using four wave degenerate frequency mixing. The two-photon autoionizing character of this level is shown to be responsible for the dissymetric line shape of the third order non linear susceptibility resonance. Polarization experiments display the role of intermediate quasi-resonance on A1 and B1 excitons and huge exciton-biexciton strengths.     

LiⅠ等电子序列[(1s2p)3P,4d]2P0及 [(1s2s)1S,5p]2P0自电离态的计算

利用鞍点复转动及全实加关联的方法,计算了LiⅠ等电子序列[(1s2p)3P,4d]2P0及[(1s2s)1S,5p]2P0自电离态的能量和宽度.计算结果中包括相对论修正和质量极化修正.文中讨论了自电离宽度随核电荷数Z的变化关系,同时也讨论了精细结构分裂值及相对论修正随核电荷数Z的变化关系.     

Spectroscopic properties of Ba 6pns (J=0,2) autoionizing series

The investigations on Ba and autoionizing states are carried out through a combination of the isolated core excitation method and proper polarization configuration of lasers. With comparison between the 6pns autoionizing states with different J, the spectroscopic properties of both the and series, such as the configuration interactions with the other series, are discussed in detail.     

Photoionization properties of an atom with two autoionizing states

We have investigated the photoionization properties of an atom with a ladder coupling scheme involving two autoionizing states coupled to each other.The effects of the coherent coupling between two autoionizing states and between the low-lying autoionizing state and the continuum on the ionization yield are discussed.The conditions leading to atomic coherent population trapping and the coherent population trapping states are given explicitly.     

NEW AUTOIONIZING STATES NEAR THE FIRST IONIZATION LIMIT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT Dy

This paper describes the investigation of autoionizing states near the first ionization limit of rare-earth element Dy. The 62, 51, 97 and 25 new autoionizing states resulting from the states of 4f¹⁰(⁵I₈)6s6p(³P⁰₂)³I⁰₇, 4f⁹ (⁶H⁰)5d²(³F)(⁸G⁰)6s⁹G⁰₇, 4f⁹(⁶F⁰)5d6s^{2 7}H⁰₇ and 4f⁹5d6s^{2 7}K⁰₇, respectively, were found by using a laser resonance ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LRI-TOFMS), The photoionization efficiencies for different channels were compared with each other. In addition, the Shore-Fano parameters of autoionizing states were determined by a nonlinear fitting program.     

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of excitonic state in a semiconductor quantum dot

By considering usual matrix procedures we examine how the exciton affects the nonlinear optical properties of 3-D semiconductor GaAs quantum dot. We calculate the third-order optical susceptibility of the GaAs (well) Al_xGaAs_1?x (barrier), and consequently the refractive index and the absorption coefficient. By increasing the Al content (x) in barrier material, carrier relaxation time is enhanced and the susceptibility peaks and their positions showed a blue shift, which agrees with the existing experimental work. For an anisotropic QD, the third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient depends strongly on the quantum dot width.     

Second harmonic generations in aperiodic optical superlattices with finite width and in one-dimensional defective photonic crystals made of nonlinear optical materials

The characteristics of the second harmonic generations (SHGs) in homogeneous and inhomogeneous systems are investigated. We consider two kinds of structures: one is aperiodic optical superlattices (AOSs) with homogeneous linear susceptibility and the modulated second-order nonlinear susceptibility; the second is linear and nonlinear susceptibilities both the system with inhomogeneous. We derive a general solution of SHG for the AOS with finite lateral width and of SHG in considering the depletion of the pump light power. We carry out the design of AOSs by using simulation annealing (SA) algorithm and show that the constructed AOSs can implement multiple wavelength SHGs with identical effective nonlinear coefficient at the preassigned wavelengths of incident light. We observe great enhancement of SHGs in the one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) with defects consisting of multiple photonic quantum wells made of nonlinear material when the frequency of fundamental wave aims at one of the defect states. We also propose an effective design approach of aperiodically stacked layers of nonlinear material and air in terms of the SA method. The constructed structure can achieve multiple-wavelength SHGs at the preas-signed wavelengths.      

The study of autoionizing states of the samarium atom

The investigation of the samarium (Sm) atom autoionizing states, belonging to the 4f⁶ 6pnl and 4f⁵ 5d6snl (l=0, 2) configurations, has been carried out by using a three-step isolated-core-excitation (ICE) scheme. Fifty-seven new autoionizing states of the Sm atom have been observed in the energy region between 60,700 and 66,500 cm^?1. These autoionizing states are classified into five autoionization series in the light of different ionization limits. In most cases, the transition profiles of these autoionizing states are nearly symmetric, from which the peak positions and widths can be easily obtained by Lorentzian-profile-fitting procedure. Some autoionizing states have multi-peak profiles whose spectroscopic properties are analyzed in order to understand the complicated structures.     

Laser control of third-harmonic generation by means of an additional EM field

Control of the third-harmonic generation process through an external electromagnetic field is observed in atomic Ca. The conversion efficiency can be modified when the third harmonic is produced in the vicinity of an autoionizing state. A second laser is used to produce strong radiative coupling between a low-lying bound state and the autoionizing state.