Formation of spectral lines in planetary atmospheres—V. Collision narrowed profiles of quadrupole lines in hydrogen atmospheres

The interpretation of a hydrogen quadrupole spectrum is complicated by the collision narrowing phenomenon exhibited by these lines. The profile must be accurately computed for use within any interpretative technique since the spectroscopic features of line profile and center to limb variation of the equivalent width are sensitive to the quadrupole line shape.The Dicke profile, which assumes that the quadrupole line shape is Lorentzian with a half-width that varies inversely as the pressure has been suggested as a simple alternative to the Galatry profile. In this paper, we present comparisons of the line profile, equivalent width and center-to-limb variation of the equivalent width of quadrupole lines for a characteristic scattering and nonscattering hydrogen atmosphere, where the line profile has been computed by the Dicke and Galatry shapes. Our computations show that the results produced by the Dicke profile may be very different from the features predicted by the Galatry profile, which has been shown to give results in good agreement with experiment.We therefore conclude that it is invalid to use the Dicke approximation for computing collision-narrowed profiles of hydrogen quadrupole lines at visible and near infrared spectroscopic wavelengths in any hydrogen atmosphere.     

Free convective flow through porous medium with variable permeability in slip flow regime with couple stress in the presence of heat source

The unsteady free convective MHDflow of a polar fluid through a porous medium with variable permeability in the presence of heat source bounded by an infinite horizontal porous plate in slip flow regime is analyzed. The transformed nondimensional equations are solved by a perturbation method. The obtained results are presented graphically to illustrate the influence of different physical parameters on the velocity profile, angular velocity profile, temperature profile, and concentration profile. Further the effect of variable permeability parameter on the velocity profile is investigated. Some special cases with their physical significance are discussed and compared with the existing published work.     

Influence of absorbed pump profile on the temperature distribution within a diode side-pumped laser rod

In this paper, an analytical model for temperature distribution of the side-pumped laser rod is extracted. This model can be used for side-pumped laser rods whose absorbed pump profile is a Gaussian profile. Then, it is validated by numerical results which exhibit a good agreement with the analytical results. Afterwards, by considering a general expression for super-Gaussian and top-hat profiles, and solving the heat equation, the influence of profile width and super-Gaussian exponent of the profile on temperature distribution are investigated. Consequently, the profile width turns out to have a greater influence on the temperature compared to the type of the profile.     

Effect of hardness and composition gradients on Barkhausen emission in case hardened steel

The effect of gradients in hardness, structure and composition in the surface layers on magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) was investigated in two widely used low alloy steels. One material was case hardened by induction hardening. The other was case carburised. Similar hardness profiles were produced by the two treatments. It was found that the variation in structure and hardness through the case in the induction-hardened steel had a minor effect on the MBN profile. In contrast, the inhomogeneity in the case-carburised material showed up clearly. This took the form of a broadened or two-peak MBN profile. When the surface layer containing the case was removed by etching, the broadened profile was replaced by a profile with a single peak. It is concluded that the shape and position of the MBN profile is significantly affected when a gradient in microstructure is induced by a gradient in carbon content. On the other hand, a gradient in microstructure induced by heat treatment with a constant carbon level has much less affect on the MBN profile for the induction-hardened steel.     

光谱地质剖面在蚀变填图中的应用研究

利用遥感数据可以提取与成矿有关的蚀变信息,地质剖面可以为所提取的蚀变信息的验证和深入理解提供依据;结合地质剖面和光谱信息提取的思路提出光谱地质剖面的概念。光谱剖面可以实现光谱沿剖面的存储、显示,而光谱地质剖面的目的主要是得到蚀变类型、矿物含量等参数沿剖面线的分布, 实现蚀变矿物组合空间分带信息的提取。综合现有蚀变信息提取方法建立了光谱地质剖面信息提取的技术方法和流程, 利用地面实测光谱建立了光谱地质剖面,并在光谱地质剖面的支持下利用图像进行蚀变信息的提取和分析,探讨了光谱地质剖面在蚀变分带和遥感找矿模式中的意义和作用,光谱地质剖面的建立有助于图像和地面光谱的一体化分析,有助于蚀变填图中信息的精确提取。     

Voigt线型函数及其最大值的研究

研究了多普勒和洛伦兹线型函数卷积形式的Voigt线型函数, 给出了它的最大值.结果表明, Voigt线型函数是关于中心频率的对称函数, Voigt线型函数的最大值由多普勒和洛伦兹线型函数的半宽度决定, 与中心频率无关, 且比洛伦兹和多普勒线型函数的最大值都小.提出了利用Voigt线型函数最大值和半宽度获得多普勒线型函数和洛伦兹线型函数的方法, 并利用Monte Carlo方法进行了验证. 关键词： Voigt线型函数 半宽度 最大值 傅里叶变换     

Study on measurement of refractive index profile of GI-POF by light scattering

This paper is devoted to the study on measurement of refractive index profile of graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI-POF) by light scattering. Using Generalized Airy theory and Debye series of an inhomogeneous cylinder, the scattering intensity distributions are obtained of Airy structure of rainbows for different refractive index profile. The results show that positions of Airy peaks depend closely on refractive index profile of GI-POF. Since each order of rainbow penetrates it to different depths, such methods could be used to provide information of the refractive index profile of GI-POF. For GI-POF with given diameter, positions of Airy peaks of rainbows are simulated as a function of refractive index profile, which can be used to inverse unknown parameters of refractive index profile. The least square method is used in inversion of refractive index profile with the given refractive index of the cladding. The results obtained agree with theoretical values with high precision. The method has the advantages of non-instructive and on-line measurement, and can be used for the measurement of other inhomogeneous droplets.     

Quantitative depth profiling of an alternating Pt/Co multilayer and a Pt-Co alloy multilayer by SIMS using a Buckminsterfullerene (C60) source

A Buckminsterfullerene ion beam has been applied to the depth profiling of an alternating pure Pt and pure Co multilayer. Quantitative depth profiling was performed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with C₆₀ ions using Pt-Co alloy films with different compositions. Relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) derived from a Pt₃₉Co₆₁ alloy film were used to convert an original depth profile to a composition depth profile. A severe interface artifact observed in the depth profile of a Pt/Co multilayer was quantitatively correlated with a gradual variation of matrix composition through the Pt/Co and Co/Pt interfaces by comparison with the depth profiling of an alloy multilayer film. Moreover, the interface artifact could be compensated by conversion of the profile to a composition profile using the same RSFs. The depth resolutions of a Pt/Co multilayer derived from the composition depth profile were much larger than the apparent interface widths measured from the original depth profile due to the nonlinear relationship between the Co and Pt ion intensities and their compositions.     

Quantitative analysis of thin film-substrate interdiffusion by GDOS and by Auger electron spectroscopy

Depth profile analysis of the Cu-Ni interdiffusion couple was made by GDOS. Calibration of both the signal intensity and the sputtering rate was used for quantification. The quantified GDOS depth profile was compared with the profile measured by Auger analysis of the bottoms of glow discharge erosion craters with different depths. A reasonable agreement was found between both profiles demonstrating the usefulness of GDOS for this kind of analysis.     

Influence of laser beam profile on the generation of ultrasonic waves

The different ultrasonic fields generated in metallic materials by a laser beam with flat and Gaussian profile are investigated experimentally and using the finite element method (FEM). A high power laser beam irradiating a solid surface produces elastic waves with a mechanics that depends on many parameters, including the profile of the laser beam. The influence of the beam profile is investigated with the FEM analysis, considering the temperature dependence of material properties.     

Effect of pattern shape on etching wall profile in slider fabrication

The effect of pattern shape on etching wall profile in slider fabrication is studied. The testing results show: (1) the wall profile of round pattern is steeper than that of long rectangular; (2) for round patterns, the smaller the radius is, the steeper the wall profile is; (3) the profile of outer angle is steeper than that of inner angle. The flying height offset caused by wall profile with different shapes can be 8% of total flying height, so it is necessary to consider the effect of pattern shape on etching wall profile in ABS design, especially for ultra low flying height slider.     

Rotation Part of the Dielectric Permittivity of Water Vapor for Different Spectral Line Profiles

We estimate the possible influence of spectral line profile (Lorentz profile, Van Vleck–Weisskopf profile, and profile obtained by solving kinetic equation) on the rotation part of the dielectric permittivity of water-vapor monomers. Spectral regions corresponding to long-wavelength (static) and high-frequency (optical) limiting cases as well as regions in close proximity to resonances of various intensities are considered. The studied effects are compared with the corresponding effects on water-vapor absorption coefficient, which are related to factors determining the line-shape structure.     

超陡倒掺杂分布对超深亚微米金属-氧化物-半导体器件总剂量辐照特性的改善

分析了沟道中超陡倒掺杂和均匀掺杂两种情况下超深亚微米MOS器件的总剂量辐照特性,主要比较了两种掺杂分布的器件在辐照情况下的泄漏电流与阈值电压的退化特性.结果表明,在辐照剂量500krad情况下,超陡倒掺杂器件的泄漏电流比均匀掺杂器件的泄漏电流低2—3个量级;而在辐照剂量500krad情况下,由于器件俘获的空穴量饱和,超陡倒掺杂的改善没有那么明显.但超陡倒掺杂的阈值电压漂移量比均匀掺杂的情况小约40mV.超陡倒掺杂有利于改善器件的总剂量辐照特性.文中还给出了用于改善器件辐照特性的超陡倒掺杂分布的优化设计,为超深亚微米器件抗辐照加固提供了依据.     

浅海复杂环境下等效声速剖面的构建方法*

针对浅海复杂环境声速剖面水平变化情况下的声传播损失预报及目标定位问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的等效声速剖面重构算法。首先,将声速剖面进行时间和空间上的分解,从而将声速剖面抽象为对声速剖面前三阶正交函数系数的反演;其次,利用遗传算法,以先验声速剖面集为基础,进行参数反演。仿真结果表明,在浅海复杂条件下,传播损失预报受声速剖面及海洋参数的影响,不能直接运用接收或发射位置处的声速剖面进行传播损失预报,否则会对预报结果造成误差。通过构建具有声传播累积效应的等效声速剖面可以提高匹配场定位精度,完成目标定位,且在构建等效声速剖面时,接收位置处即本地声速剖面所占权重较大。     

Z切LiNbO3晶体中退火质子交换光波导特性的研究

系统地研究Ｚ切ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体中质子交换波导和退火质子交换波导的特性,得到了质子交换过程中的扩散常数和激活能。发现了质子交换波导的折射率呈线性阶跃型的折射率分布。通过连续退火,波导的折射率分布由线性阶跃型向高斯型过渡。退火可分为两个阶段,波导深度的增加在第一阶段随退火时间成指数关系,第二阶段与退火时间的平方根成线性关系。     

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Determination of the Radial Potential Profile in the Modified Penning Discharge with a Heavy Ion Beam Probe

A heavy ion beam probe is used to examine the radial electrostatic potential profile in the Modified Penning Discharge. The plasma potential in the discharge violates the usual constraint on the ion beam energy in that the primary probing beam energy undergoes large changes in its energy while passing through the plasma. In order to determine the radial potential profile, the primary beam trajectories are calculated to agree with measured trajectories by parametric variation of a potential model in the trajectory calculating program. This iteration calculation provides a first approximation to the profile. This profile can be used to predict observation of secondary ions, and observation of such ions provides a confirmation and cross check on the potential profile model found by the primary beam.     

Analytical model of a corrugated optical waveguide

An analytical model of the diffraction energy exchange between the radiative and the waveguide modes in a planar optical waveguide corrugated by a waveguide grating with an arbitrary form of teeth is developed on the basis of the coupled-wave method. It is shown that the mechanism of the energy exchange between the modes is determined by the partial interaction of all components of the spatial frequency spectrum of the waveguide modes with the corresponding components of the spatial frequency spectrum of the grating. It is established that gratings with an asymmetric tooth profile providing a shift of the peak of the spatial frequency spectrum toward matching are characterized by a higher diffraction efficiency α; however, at small thicknesses δ of the waveguide grating, the efficiency is almost independent of the tooth profile. It is shown that gratings with a symmetric profile give on average a decreasing dependence α(δ), while gratings with an optimized asymmetric profile yield a monotonically increasing saturating dependence α(δ).     

Analysis of influence of atmosphere extinction to Raman lidar monitoring CO2 concentration profile

Lidar （Light detection and ranging） system monitoring of the atmosphere is a novel and powerful technique tool. The Raman lidar is well established today as a leading research tool in the study of numerous important areas in the atmospheric sciences. In this paper, the principle of Raman lidar technique measurement CO2 concentration profile is presented and the errors caused by molecular and aerosol extinction for CO2 concentration profile measurement with Raman lidar are also presented. The standard atmosphere extinction profile and ＇real-time＇ Hefei area extinction profile are used to conduct correction and the corresponding results are yielded. Simulation results with standard atmosphere mode correction indicate that the errors caused by molecule and aerosol extinction should be counted for the reason that they could reach about 8 ppm and 5 ppm respectively. The relative error caused by Hefei area extinction correction could reach about 6%. The errors caused by the two components extinction influence could produce significant changes for CO2 concentration profile and need to be counted in data processing which could improve the measurement accuracies.     

A perturbation analysis for modes in diffused waveguides with a gaussian profile

We have developed a first order perturbation approach to obtain the propagation constants for a gaussian index profile by considering it as a perturbation on an appropriately matched secant hyperbolic profile. The secant hyperbolic profile itself well approximates the gaussian profile and hence the perturbation approach yields very accurate results. We have also compared our results with those obtained by the WKB or ray technique and earlier perturbation approaches.