Etude de 17N par la reaction 18O(t, αγ)17N

The first six excited states of ¹⁷N have been studied by using the ¹⁸Ot, αγ)¹⁷N reaction at a bombarding energy of E_t = 3.5 MeV. Alpha-gamma angular correlation measurements (method II) were used to determine spins, mixing ratios and branching ratios. The 1.37, 1.85, 1.91, 2.53, 3.13 and 3.20 MeV levels have been assigned the spins $\text{3}\text{2}$, $\text{1}\text{2}$, $\text{5}\text{2}$^?, $\text{5}\text{2}$⁺, $\text{7}\text{2}$ and $\text{3}\text{2}$ respectively. Excitation energies are also given. Most of the results are in good agreement with previous data or suggested values. Mixing ratios have been obtained for the first time. The level scheme of ¹⁷N is compared with some $\text{T =}\text{3}\text{2}$ analogue states in ¹⁷O and ¹⁷F and with results of recent shell-model calculations.     

Interference effects in 12C(p, γ)13N and direct capture to unbound states

Excitation functions of the capture reaction ¹²C(p, γ₀)¹³N have been obtained at θ_γ = 0° and 90° and E_p = 150–2500 keV. The results can be explained if a direct radiative capture process, E1(s and d → p), to the ground state in ¹³N is included in the analysis in addition to the two well-known resonances in this beam energy range $\text{[E}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{= 457(}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$ and 1699 $\text{(}\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{) keV]}$. The direct capture component is enhanced through interference effects with the two resonance amplitudes. From the observed direct capture cross section, a spectroscopic factor of C²S(l = 1) = 0.49 ± 0.15 has been deduced for the $\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ ground state in ¹³N. Excitation functions for the reaction ${}^{12}\text{C(p,γ}{}_1\text{p}{}^1\text{)}{}^{12}\text{C}$ have been obtained at θ_γ = 0° and 90° and E_p = 610–2700 keV. Away from the 1699 keV resonance the capture γ-ray yield is dominated by the direct capture process E1 (p → s) to the $\text{2366 (}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{) keV}$ unbound state. Above E_p = 1 MeV, the observed excitation functions are well reproduced by the direct capture theory to unbound states (bremsstrahlung theory). Below E_p = 1 MeV, i.e., E_p → 457 keV, the theory diverges in contrast to observation. This discrepancy is well known in bremsstrahlung theory as the “infrared problem”. From the observed direct capture cross sections at $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{? 1 MeV}$, a spectroscopic factor of C²S(l = 0) = 1.02 ± 0.15 has been found for the $\text{2366 (}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{) keV}$ unbound state. A search for direct capture transitions to the $\text{3512 (}\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}$and $\text{3547 (}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{) keV}$ unbound states resulted in upper limits of C²S(l = 1) ≦ 0.5 and C²S(l = 2) ? 1.0, respectively. The results are compared with available stripping data as well as shell-model calculations. The astrophysical aspect of the ¹²C(p, γ₀)¹³N reaction also is discussed.     

Levels of 16O near 13 MeV excitation from 15N + P reactions

Angular distributions, a 0° excitation function and Doppler-broadened γ-ray profiles for the reaction ¹⁵N(p, α₁γ), and angular distributions for the ¹⁵N(p, α₀) reaction, have been measured for proton energies from about 900 to 1250 keV. These data, together with analysing powers from the ${}^{15}\text{N}\text{(}\text{p}$, α₀) reaction, have been satisfactorily fitted by means of R-matrix theory in terms of the known levels of ¹⁶O in the 13 MeV region together with background contributions.     

Investigation of low-lying states of 15N via 14N(d,p)15N reactions with vector polarized deuterons

Angular distributions of cross section and vector analyzing power have been measured for the ¹⁴N(d, p)¹⁵N reaction at E_d = 10 MeV for transitions to levels up to 8.6 MeV excitation in ¹⁵N. Distorted wave Born approximation calculations and calibration curves were used to determine total and orbital angular momenta and spectroscopic factors of the transferred neutrons. The results were compared with different theoretical approaches.     

Angular distributions of neutron polarization from the 14C(p,n)14N and 11B(α, n)14N reactions and R-matrix analysis oF 15N in the excitation-energy range between 11.5 and 12.5 MeV

Angular distributions of neutron polarization from the ¹⁴C(p, n)¹⁴N and ¹¹B(α, n)¹⁴N reactions have been studied for the particle energies E_p = 1.788, 2.025, 2.272 and 2.450 MeV, and E_α = 2.049 MeV. The polarization was derived from the left-right asymmetry induced by elastic scattering from ⁴He. Together with existing measurements of angular distributions and total cross sections for several reaction channels leading to ¹⁵N with an excitation energy between 11.5 and 12.5 MeV, these data were used to deduce from R-matrix analysis a set of resonance parameters for the ¹⁵N levels in this energy range.     

Charge exchange reaction 14C(6Li, 6He)14N

Angular distributions of the charge exchange reaction ¹⁴C(⁶Li, ⁶He)¹⁴N leading to the 1⁺ ground state and 3.95 MeV 1⁺, and 5.20 MeV 2^? excited states at the 34 MeV incident beam energy were analyzed and measured. The 62 MeV data of Goodman et al. were also reanalyzed. The direct one-step charge exchange caused by the spin-isospin dependent term in the two-body interaction can account well for the observed data. The strength of spin-isospin dependent effective interaction (gaussian form with a range parameter of 1.8 fm) was extracted to be 18.5 MeV.     

The 14C(p, γ0)15N cross section below Ep = 12 MeV

The cross section for the ¹⁴C(p.γ₀)¹⁵N reaction has been measured up to E_p = 12 MeV. These measurements cover the region of the main component of the giant dipole resonance in ¹⁵N previously observed in the inverse ¹⁵N(γ, p₀)¹⁴C reaction. The structures seen are compared to recent measurements of the ¹⁴N(p, γ₀)¹⁵O cross section at corresponding energies in ¹⁵O, allowing clear identification of $\text{T =}\text{1}\text{2}\text{and}\text{3}\text{2}$ states. A comparison of the present experimental results is also made to recent bound and continuum shell model calculations for this region of ¹⁵N.     

Time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations for 14N + 12C reactions

We present Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock calculations for the massasymmetric system ¹⁴N + ¹²C in the range 20 ? E_cm ? 114. A simplified effective interaction of the Skyrme form has been used and the orbital angular motion of the ions has been treated in the rotating frame approximation. The overall magnitude of the calculated fusion cross-section is in agreement with experiment. The calculated differential cross section for direct inelastic reaction products is proportional to ${}^1\text{sin θ}$. This is in contrast to the exponential decrease observed experimentally.     

A study of the 14C(6Li, 6He)14N reaction at 93 MeV

The reaction ¹⁴C(⁶Li, ⁶He)¹⁴N was investigated with 93 MeV ⁶Li ions in an angular interval of 7–26°. Angular distributions were analysed for the four most intense groups of ⁶He nuclei, corresponding to transitions to the ground (1₁⁺) and the excited (1₂⁺, 2₁^?, 4₁^?) states of ¹⁴N. In the theoretical analysis a mechanism of the spin-isospin excitation was suggested in the DWBA frame with the finite range of interaction and recoil in the light system (⁶Li⁶He) taken into account. In the calculations both shell-model wave functions and transition densities obtained in the theory of finite Fermi systems (FFS) were used. From the comparison between theory and experiment the Landau-Migdal force constant g′ is estimated in order to obtain some information on the degree of nuclear proximity to the threshold of pion condensation.     

14N NMR in NH4I and NH4Br

¹⁴N magnetic resonance data show that the α → β transition in NH₄I is connected with a discontinuous change in the ¹⁴N chemical shift, Δδ = 20.5 ppm, whereas the order-disorder type β(O_h) → γ(D_4h) transition is accompanied by a small quadropole splitting of the ¹⁴N spectrum. A quadrupole splitting of the ¹⁴N line was as well found in the tetragonal “antiferromagnetically” ordered γ-phase of NH₄Br, but not in the “ferromagnetically” ordered δ(T_d) phase of NH₄Cl.     

Unexpected interference patterns observed in the 12C(14N, 13N)13C reaction at energies close to the Coulomb barrier

The reaction ¹²C(¹⁴N, ¹³N)¹³C has been measured at 28, 32, 34 and 36 MeV beam energies. The energy dependence of the measured interference pattern cannot be reproduced by DWBA calculations which take account of the interference between proton and neutron transfer. A rather strong asymmetry of the angular distributions about θ_c.m. = 90° has been observed.     

氮化钽团簇阴离子Ta3N3-解离吸附N2中的15N/14N同位素交换研究

氮气分子的吸附和活化是固氮研究中的重要过程. 近年来过渡金属氮化物由于在合成氨催化研究中的优异表现而受到广泛关注. 但是,氮化物物种与氮气分子在高温下反应的微观机制仍然不清楚,而该过程对于认识反应中的温度效应以及缩小气相团簇体系和凝聚相体系间的差距具有重要意义. 本文使用质谱观测到氮化钽团簇阴离子Ta₃¹⁴N₃^-和¹⁵N₂在高温下(393∽593 K)发生¹⁵N/¹⁴N同位素交换而产生¹⁴N₂/¹⁵N¹⁴N. 结合理论计算,阐述了同位素交换反应的微观机理以及升高温度对于N₂在Ta₃N₃^-上解离吸附的促进作用. 而在对比实验体系Ta₃¹⁴N₄^-/¹⁵N₂中,观察到升高温度只能加速¹⁵N₂在吸附产物Ta₃¹⁴N₄¹⁵N₂^-上的脱附. 这是由于氮空位是氮化物物种活化氮气的必要条件,而Ta₃N₄^-中由于不存在氮空位因此不能活化和解离氮气. 该研究为合成氨中氮化物物种中氮空位的作用提供了重要信息并且为固氮研究中高效催化剂的设计提供了线索.     

New measurements and reanalysis of 14N elastic scattering on 10B target

The angular distributions of elastic scattering of ¹⁴N ions on ¹⁰B targets have been measured at incident beam energies of 21.0 and 24.5 MeV. Angular distributions at higher energies 38–94.0 MeV (previously measured) were also included in the analysis. All data were analyzed within the framework of the optical model and the distorted waves Born approximation method. The observed rise in cross sections at large angles was interpreted as a possible contribution of the α-cluster exchange mechanism. Spectroscopic amplitudes SA₂ and SA₄ for the configuration ¹⁴N→ ¹⁰B +α were extracted. Their average values are 0.58±0.10 and 0.81±0.12 for SA₂ and SA₄, respectively, suggesting that the exchange mechanism is a major component of the elastic scattering for this system. The energy dependence of the depths for the real and imaginary potentials was found.     

The 26Mg(14N, 10B)30Si and 26Mg(14N, 11B)29Si reactions

Reactions induced by ¹⁴N on ²⁶Mg at bombarding energies of 60–95 MeV have been studied. Angular distributions for states populated in ²⁹Si by the (¹⁴N, ¹¹B) reaction and in ³⁰Si by the (¹⁴N, ¹⁰B) reaction have been compared with Hauser-Feshbach and DWBA calculations to determine the reaction mechanism and to deduce spectroscopic information. The cross sections for the states populated in ²⁹Si and ³⁰Si are in poor agreement with statistical model calculations, indicating a non-compound nucleus mechanism.     

Resonance structure in 15N(p,n0)15O in the region Ep = 8.5–19.0 MeV

Excitation functions at seven angles, covering the energy range E_p = 8.5–19.0 MeV, have been measured for ¹⁵N(p, n_o)¹⁵O using time-of-flight methods. Angular distributions were also measured at five energies. Activation methods were used to determine the total cross section below the excited-state threshold. Ten resonances were observed, four of which have also been found in ¹⁵N(p, γ)¹⁶O data. The energies, widths and nucleon widths have been extracted and are used, together with proton capture data, to derive radiative widths for certain levels.     

Spectroscopy of intermediate 16F states with the reaction 14N(3He,np)15O

Excited states of ¹⁶F have been investigated with the reaction ¹⁴N(³He, np)¹⁵O at E = 10.5 and 12 MeV in kinematically complete experiments. Proton groups corresponding to the decays of intermediate ¹⁶F states were observed at various angles with counter telescopes in time coincidence with the associated neutrons detected at θ_n^lab = 0° with a time-of-flight spectrometer. Excitation energies and decay widths Γ_p0 of these states have been extracted from the proton spectra. Lower limits for the orbital angular momentum in the decay channel and for the spin of the states have been deduced from the obtained angular correlations. By comparison with the reaction ¹⁴N(³He, pp)¹⁵N measured at E = 13 MeV, pairs of $\text{T = 1}{}^{16}\text{F}$ parent/¹⁶O analog states have been identified. J^π assignments and shell-model configurations are discussed on the basis of the selectivity of the reactions measured.     

15N excitation contribution to 48Ca(16O, 15N)49Sc reaction

The effect of ¹⁵N excitation process is studied in the reaction ⁴⁸Ca(¹⁶O, ¹⁵N)⁴⁹Sc. The excitation process is included into a generalized non-local optical potential for a scattersing ¹⁵N-⁴⁹Sc and is found to be responsible for a shift of a grazing peak in the exact finite-range DWBA calculation.     

16O(p,α0)13N cross-section measurements

Total cross sections for the ${}^{16}\text{O}\text{(}\text{p}\text{, α}{}_0\text{)}{}^{13}\text{N}$ reaction have been measured by observation of the positron decay of the residual ¹³N nuclei. These cross sections, covering the c.m. energy range 5.4 ≦ E ≦ 9.9 MeV, allow determination of reaction rates of astrophysical interest at temperatures in the neighborhood of 4 × 10⁹°K.