微波脉冲氮气等离子体发射光谱测量

通过发射光谱测量和拟合不同的微波脉宽和气压下C波段微波放电的氮气等离子体振动温度、转动温度和电子激发温度。气压在266~400Pa时,等离子体的振动温度为(2700±100)K,电子激发温度为(0.32±0.015)eV,转动温度随脉宽增加而上升,实验中测得的最大转动温度为370K。偏离266~400Pa时,振动温度和电子激发温度同时出现了下降的趋势,而转动温度出现了上升的趋势。这意味着电子激发温度和振动温度具有很强的关联性。     

Temperature measurements using fiber optic polarization interferometer

A novel measurement method of temperature based on the phenomena that the phase difference between principle polarization states in the optical retarder is function of temperature is described. The polarization state of optical beam is changed as it passes through the optical retarder, which depends on the temperature. The temperature of optical retarder is determined by comparison of the power difference between principal polarization states. We demonstrate successfully the temperature measurement by using a polarization maintaining fiber as the optical retarder. With a 100 mm length of the fiber optic retarder, the change rate of phase difference on temperature was 0.236 rad/°C and the measurement error was ±0.038°C over the temperature range of −2.6 – +3.4°C. With a 11.5 mm length of the fiber optic retarder, the change rate of phase difference on temperature was 0.021 rad/°C and the measurement error was ±0.79°C over the temperature range of −8.5 – +86.5°C.     

High-temperature abnormal behavior of resistivities for Bi–In melts

The patterns of electrical resistivities versus temperature in large temperature range have been studied, using the D.C. four-probe method, for liquid Bi–In alloys (Bi–In(33 wt%), Bi–In(38 wt%), Bi–In(50.5 wt%), Bi–In(66 wt%)). The clear turning point of each resistivity–temperature curves of the liquid Bi–In alloys is observed at the temperature much above the melting point, in which temperature range the resistivity–temperature coefficient increases rapidly. Except for the turning temperature range, the resistivities of Bi–In alloys increase linearly with temperature. Because resistivity is sensitive to the structure, this experiment shows the structural transition in Bi–In melts at the temperature much higher than the liquidus. And it is suggested that there are different Bi–In short-range orderings in different Bi–In melts, so the resistivity–temperature curves have the turns at different temperatures and the resistivity–temperature coefficients are also different.     

First principles studies of elastic and thermodynamic properties of fcc-VH2 with pressure and temperature

In this work, we study elastic and thermodynamic properties of VH₂ at different pressures and temperatures. Elastic constants and bulk modulus of VH₂ decrease with increase in temperature, and hence increase with pressure. Thermal expansion of the crystal lattice will be suppressed by high pressure. When the temperature is 1500 K, 15.99 GPa of pressure can completely restrain the volume expansion caused by temperature. At a given pressure, the lower the temperature, the easier the cell compression. At low temperatures, C_v is proportional to T³, and C_v tends to the Dulong-Petit limit at higher temperatures. The Debye temperature increases with pressure, but decreases with temperature. At low temperature and low pressure, thermal expansion coefficient increases sharply with temperature. At high temperature and high pressure, the increasing trend slows down.     

玻璃包覆纯铜丝快速冷却温度场数值模拟

建立了玻璃包覆纯铜丝快速冷却过程温度场的有限元计算模型,模拟得出了冷却过程丝线横断面的温度分布图及节点温度随时间的变化关系。研究了冷却水温度、水流速度对玻璃包覆纯铜丝冷却效果的影响。结果表明:快冷时玻璃层内的温差最大可达45 K/m,铜芯内温差最大为0.12 K/m; 随着冷却水流速增大,冷却效果增强,流速达到0.5 m/s时冷却能力饱和; 冷却水温在283～303 K范围内变化时,冷却效果基本不变。     

Analysis of temperature dependence for a ratiometric wavelength measurement system using SMS fiber structure based edge filters

Temperature dependence of an edge filter based on singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure is investigated numerically and experimentally. The experimental results and numerical results are in good agreement within an operational temperature range from 10 °C to 40 °C. It is found that the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) has a more significant effect on the temperature dependence of an SMS edge filter compared to the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). In the ratiometric wavelength measurement using two SMS edge filters, a small temperature variation can induce the ratio variation and in turn the wavelength measurement error. It is found the SMS edge filter’s response to both wavelength and temperature is linear. It is proposed that self-monitoring of temperature can be carried out using an updated ratiometric scheme. Self-monitoring of the temperature reduces temperature induced wavelength error to ±0.7 pm at 1545 nm, regardless of the ambient temperature variation.     

An analytical model based on the similarity in temperature distributions in laser forming

Laser forming of a metal plate involves a complex thermoplastic process. To accurately control the deformation of a metal plate, its temperature distribution must be obtained first. In this paper, three-dimensional finite element method simulations of the temperature field that account for the temperature dependence of the thermal properties of the materials were carried out. By defining a dimensionless temperature T* and a special Y-coordinate Y*, we found that temperature distributions in the Y′ direction are similar for different thicknesses. An analytical model of the temperature of the high-temperature zone in the Y′ direction is derived for the first time based on the similarity of temperature distributions and data obtained from regression analysis. The comparison of analytical and numerical results shows good agreement with respect to temperature distributions. This investigation is of significance for the prediction of a deformation field in future works.     

Possible determination of the emission wavelength of active ruby from its temperature. II

The temperature shift of the ruby R₁ line has been studied on the basis of the absorption, luminescence, and laser-emission spectra above room temperature. When the same method is used to heat the crystal and measure the temperature, the emission and absorption data agree. The curves showing the temperature dependence of the wavelength for a crystal not held at a constant temperature show a low-temperature shift with respect to the curves for a crystal held at a constant temperature, and they have a different slope. This is due to a difference between the surface temperature of the crystal measured experimentally and the actual temperature within the crystal if the crystal is not held at a constant temperature.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 37–40, May, 1969.     

Simultaneous 2D flow velocity and gas temperature measurements using thermographic phosphors

In this paper a new approach for simultaneous 2D velocity and temperature measurements using phosphoric particles is presented. The phosphoric particles respond to the temperature changes in the flow while acting as tracers for velocity mapping. The temperature sensitive particles were seeded into a heated flow and were excited by a pulsed UV laser. The subsequent red shifted emission was detected and analyzed to infer temperature using calibration procedures for lifetime and emission spectra against temperature. The diameter of the temperature sensitive particles, usually in the range of 1–10 μm, makes them useful for velocity measurements using particle image velocimetry (PIV). As such, simultaneous measurement of temperature and flow velocity of a gaseous flow were performed and presented. PACS  42.62.-b; 47.80.Cb; 47.80.Fg     

金属玻璃Ni30Zr70的动态粘度和稳态粘度

本文测量了金属玻璃Ni₃₀Zr₇₀的动态粘度和稳态粘度,结果表明,由于结构弛豫的影响,动态粘度随升温速率的减小而线性增加,在玻璃转变温度T_g以下,动态粘度与温度的关系可以用Arrhenius方程进行描述,稳态粘度与温度的依赖关系满足Fulcher-Vogel方程。从4种不同升温速率的高温(结晶开始温度T_x)动态粘度值,给出金属玻璃Ni₃₀Zr₇₀的平衡粘度。在630—670K     

2.0 GPa、室温至1 200 ℃条件下斜长角闪岩的纵波速度及其衰减

 利用YJ-3000 t 压力机，在2.0 GPa、室温至1 200 ℃条件下，测量了新疆库地地区斜长角闪岩的纵波速度（v_p）和力学品质因子（Q值）。实验结果表明：斜长角闪岩的v_p和Q值随温度的升高而降低，在升温的初始阶段，v_p和Q值随温度下降的幅度较小，随着温度的升高其下降的幅度逐渐增大；由于斜长角闪岩的各向异性，导致了在3个方向上v_p随温度而下降的幅度显著增大时的温度不同，其中x和y方向为812 ℃，z方向为673 ℃。而在各方向上的Q值随温度下降的幅度显著增大时的温度相差不大，约为812 ℃。观察回收的实验产物表明：当温度大于647 ℃时，产物中开始出现熔体，v_p在x和y方向上的下降幅度没有明显的变化，而在z方向上的下降幅度增大；此时熔体对Q值的影响不大。当温度大于812 ℃时，产物中的熔体含量明显增多，v_p和Q值下降的幅度都显著增大。据此认为，部分熔融是弹性波速度减小和衰减增大的主要原因。     

Effect of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity of poly(ethylene glycol) in water/dimethyl sulfoxide solutions

In this work, the intrinsic viscosities of poly(ethylene glycol) with molar mass of 20 kg mol^− 1 were measured in water/dimethyl sulfoxide solutions from (298.15 to 318.15) K. The expansion factors of the polymer chains were calculated from the intrinsic viscosity data. The expansion factor were decreased by increasing temperature; therefore the chain of PEG shrinks and the end-to-end distance become smaller by increasing temperature. Perhaps the interactions of segment-segment are favored toward segment-solvent by increasing temperature; therefore the hydrodynamic volumes of the polymer coils become smaller by increasing temperature. The thermodynamic parameters (entropy of dilution parameter, the heat of dilution parameter, theta temperature and polymer-solvent interaction parameter) were derived by the temperature dependence of the polymer chain expansion factor. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the interactions of segment-segment were increased by increasing temperature.     

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应用商业软件ANSYS CFX计算了等离子体热通量和液态锂流速对自由流动液态锂温度分布的影响。计算结果表明,导向槽中心附近液态锂温度较高,冷却水入口和出口对应位置液态锂温度最低。液态锂出口温度随着等离子体热通量的增大而线性升高,冷却水流速为1.5m·s-1,热通量分别为0.1MW·m-2和1MW·m-2时,液态锂在出口处对应的温度分别为255.3°C和458.6°C。增大液态锂流速,导向槽内液态锂的温度逐渐降低,但温度变化的幅度较小。计算结果对液态锂回路安全稳定运行提供了一定参考。     

The Ψ′ in the relativistic heavy ion collision

We have investigated the temperature influence on the hadronic decay width of Ψ′. Contrary to the divergence of the decay width ofρ-meson,π-meson at critical temperature as suggested in some papers, we find that the decay width of Ψ′ decreases with increasing temperature. Thus the leptonic decay can be used to measure the number of produced Ψ′ at finite temperature just as at zero temperature.     

Molecular dynamic study of the melting temperature in MgF2 with the fluorite structure

The melting temperature of MgF₂ with cubic fluorite structure has been calculated by the constant temperature and pressure molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the well-tested effective pair-wise potentials, which consist of the Coulomb, dispersion, and repulsion interaction by varying temperature from 300 to 2500 K. It is found that the potential parameters for MgF₂ derived from ab initio periodic Hartree-Fock calculations are very successful in reproducing accurately the DFT-GGA combined with quasi-harmonic Debye model calculated volumes of the cubic fluorite-type MgF₂ over a wide range of temperature at room pressure. Our simulated melting temperature of cubic fluorite-type MgF₂ is very close to the actual melting temperature 1539 K. Meanwhile, the radial distribution functions of Mg-Mg, F-F, and Mg-F ion pairs near the melting temperature are investigated from the isobaric and isothermal ensemble.     

Influence of annealing on microstructure and magnetic-transport of FeCo–SiO2 nanogranular films

A series of FeCo–SiO₂ nanogranular films were prepared using magnetron controlled sputtering method. The microstructure, tunneling giant magnetoresistance (TMR) and magnetic properties of FeCo–SiO₂ films deposited at room temperature and then annealed at various temperatures were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), conventional four probes method and vibrated sample magnetometer (VSM) under room temperature, respectively. The results showed that all FeCo–SiO₂ films consisted of FeCo granules with equiaxial shape uniformly dispersed in the SiO₂ matrix and formed body-centered cubic (bcc) structure. With increasing the annealing temperature, FeCo granule size increased monotonically. For film with 30.5 vol% FeCo, the size distribution satisfied the log-normal function at lower annealing temperature. While with increasing annealing temperature, the size distribution deviated gradually from the log-normal function. Meanwhile, upon varying the annealing temperature, the TMR of films with lower volume fraction reached a peak value at higher annealing temperature and the TMR of films with higher volume fraction reached a peak value at lower annealing temperature. In addition, the results also indicated that the sensitivity of TMR changed non-monotonically with the increment of the annealing temperature and both the saturation magnetization and the susceptibility of FeCo (30.5 vol%)–SiO₂ films increased with increasing the annealing temperature.     

Fabrication of a Bi-luminophore Temperature Sensitive Coating by Embedding Europium Thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (EuTTA) and Perylene in Polystyrene

A new bi-luminophore system for optical sensing of temperature is described. The coating was fabricated by embedding europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (EuTTA) and perylene in polystyrene (PS) matrix. The luminescence emission of EuTTA was sensitive to temperature whereas perylene emission was temperature-insensitive and was used as a reference. Both luminophores were excited in the UV region of about 330 to 380 nm. The fluorescence emission of perylene and EuTTA occured at 474 nm and 615 nm respectively. The temperature sensitivities of both luminophores were influenced by (i) the type of polymer, and (ii) the concentration of luminophore in the matrix. Combining EuTTA and perylene in polystyrene matrix, a new bi-luminophore temperature sensing coating was developed. The temperature sensitivity of this coating was −1.80%/°C in the temperature range of 5 °C to 50 °C. The emission characteristics of this temperature sensitive coating displayed a fully reversible response to temperature.     

Channeling study of boron implanted silicon: Liquid nitrogen temperature implantation

Silicon samples have been boron implanted at 150 keV at liquid nitrogen temperature to a dose of 3.6 × 10¹⁵/cm². This dose rendered the implanted layer amorphous as viewed by helium ion backscattering. Four kinds of room temperature measurements were made on the same set of samples as a function of the isochronal annealing temperature. The measurements made were the determination of the substitutional boron content by the channeling technique using the B¹¹(p, α) nuclear reaction, observation of the disorder by helium ion backscattering, determination of the carrier concentration by van der Pauw Hall measurements, and the sheet resistivity by four point probe measurements. These measurements are compared with results from samples implanted at room temperature. The carrier concentration correlates well with the substitutional boron content for both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature implantations. Following annealing temperatures in the 600 to 800°C range, a much larger percentage of the boron lies on substitutional lattice sites, and therefore the carrier concentration is larger, if the implantation is done at liquid nitrogen temperature rather than at room temperature. Following liquid nitrogen temperature implantation, reverse annealing is observed from 600 to 800°C in the substitutional boron content, carrier concentration and sheet resistivity. The boron is more than 90 per cent substitutional after annealing to 1100°C for both the room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature implantations. The low temperature implantation produced a buried amorphous layer, and this layer was observed to regrow from both the surface and substrate sides at approximately equal rates.     

Investigation on spherically expanding flame temperature of n-butane/air mixtures with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

A joint schlieren imaging, pressure recording and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) thermometry technique was developed to simultaneously determine the flame radius, pressure and line-of-sight averaged temperature of spherically expanding flames of n-butane/air mixtures at initial temperature of 298 K, initial pressure of 1 atm and equivalence ratios of 0.9–1.5. To probe the flame temperature, a mid-infrared interband cascade laser at 4.2 µm was used to measure the time-resolved direct absorption spectra of CO₂ which are strongly related to flame temperature, CO₂ mole fraction, flame radius and pressure. Quantitative line-of-sight averaged temperatures of burnt gas were obtained by fitting the normalized absorbance spectra. Three typical stages, including the spark affected initial stage, quasi-steady stage and the pressure induced growing stage are determined from the evolution of measured temperature as a function of time and flame radius. The relation between flame temperature, stretch rate and burning velocity of burnt gas are analyzed. Stretch rate is found to have minor effect on the measured temperature in the quasi-steady stage. The relative variation of temperature is much smaller than that of velocity. The flame with lower normalized temperature tends to propagate slower.     

超巨磁电阻材料Pr2/3Sr1/3MnO3薄膜输运性质的研究

对1/f噪声缺口的超巨磁电阻Pr_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃薄膜样品从10K到室温的热电势值进行了测量，热电势为负值，低温下随温度线性变化，表现为金属扩散热电势，在150K开始急剧减小，过渡到与温度T成反比的变化关系，与小极化子模型相符.结合在电阻极大温度附近对电阻和1/f噪声行为的讨论，对于发生在电阻极大温度附近的相变过程，结果支持源于相分离的渝渗模型. 关键词： 稀土锰氧化物 热电势 渝渗模型