入射粒子与靶相互作用中电子能损的高阶修正

研究了在较高能入射离子（He离子、 12_C离子）与靶相互作用中电子能量损失的物理机制, 分别探讨了电子能量损失中的相对论修正、 壳修正、 密度修正以及Barkas效应和Bloch效应等修正的贡献, 发现壳修正、 Barkas效应修正和Bloch效应修正在能量小于100 MeV时是重要的, 而相对论修正和密度修正是在能量大于100 MeV时起作用。 加入各种修正项之后, 电子阻止本领的计算结果和实验值（ICRU49）符合更好。 The mechanisms of electronic energy loss in the process of incident particles interaction with Si and Al₂O₃ at proper energies are investigated. The contribution to the electronic energy loss from high order corrections, such as the relativistic correction, the shell correction, the density correction, the Barkas effect correction and the Bloch effect correction are discussed respectively. It is found that the shell correction, the Barkas effect correction and the Bloch effect correction are important at low energies, the relativistic correction and the density correction are important at high energies. The calculated results with these higher order corrections are in good agreement with the experiment data (ICRU49).     

Relativistic correction to single-particle neutron levels in a harmonic oscillator well

Relativistic corrections to mass and potential energy are calculated in the first approximation of perturbation theory for single-particle levels in a harmonic oscillator well. On the average, these corrections are not large, but increase greatly with increase in the main and orbital quantum numbers. For the ls state the relativistic correction is of the order of 0.01 MeV, while for 3p, we have 0.4 MeV. Thus, for some states the relativistic correction approaches the value of the spin-orbital interaction and must be considered in calculating single-particle energy levels.     

类铍离子激发态1s22P2 3Pe的能量、精细结构和跃迁波长的计算

采用多组态相互作用方法及Rayleigh-Ritz变分法,计算了类铍离子等电子系列(Z=4-10)激发态1s22p2 3Pe的非相对论能量,利用截断变分方法得到能量改进量,进一步考虑相对论效应和质量极化效应,从而获得了高精度的能量计算值.给出了类铍离子等电子系列激发态1s22p2 3Pe的相对论能量修正和质量极化效应随核电荷数Z变化的情况.同时还计算了激发态1s22p23Pe的精细结构能级和劈裂,以及1s22s2p3Po到1s22p2 3Pe态的辐射跃迁波长.计算结果与其他理论和实验符合得很好.     

Dispersion corrections to the forward Rayleigh scattering amplitudes around the L‐shell of tantalum and lead

Dispersion corrections to the forward Rayleigh scattering amplitudes of tantalum and lead in the photon energy range 6.4–24.14 keV were determined by a numerical evaluation of the dispersion integral that relates them through the optical theorem to the photoelectric cross‐sections. The photoelectric cross‐sections were extracted by subtracting the coherent and incoherent scattering contribution from the measured total attenuation cross‐section, using a high‐resolution, high‐purity germanium detector in a narrow‐beam good geometry setup. The real part of the dispersion correction to which the relativistic corrections calculated by Kissel and Pratt (S‐matrix approach) or Creagh and McAuley (multipole corrections) have been included are in better agreement with the available theoretical values than those values to which the relativistic corrections calculated by Cromer and Liberman (dipole corrections) are added. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coulomb “flux corrections” and total cross sections for pion-nucleus interactions in the Δ-resonance region

A relativistic generalization of the Blair model is shown to give large flux corrections (up to 20%) to pion-nucleus cross sections in the Δ-resonance region. Total cross sections for heavy nuclei are calculated and used in the evaluation of these corrections. The formulas also apply to incident high energy protons.     

Determination of the mass spectrum of the bound state in the framework of the relativistic hamiltonian approach

We propose one a variant of calculation of the energy spectrum of bound state systems with relativistic corrections. In the framework of quantum field theory, an expression that takes into account relativistic corrections to the mass of the bound state with a known nonrelativistic pair interaction potential is proposed on the basis of calculating the asymptotic behavior of correlation functions of the corresponding field currents with the necessary quantum numbers. Excluding the time variables allows one to determine nonperturbative corrections to the interaction potential. The following results have been obtained in the framework of this approach. The nonperturbative corrections arising due to the relativistic nature of a system to the interaction Hamiltonian are determined. The dependence of the constituent mass of bound-state forming particles on the free state mass and on the orbital and radial quantum numbers is analytically derived. The energy level shift of muonic hydrogen taking into account relativistic corrections is calculated. The energy spectrum of a wide class of potentials that describe the Coulomb bound state is analytically derived with relativistic corrections. The mass spectrum of the glueballs and the constituent masses of the gluons are analytically calculated taking into account spin-orbit, spin—spin, and tensor interactions. Our numerical results have shown very good agreement with the lattice data. Taking into account nonperturbative and nonlocality characters of interactions, the mass spectrum of the mesons consisting of light-light and light-heavy quarks with orbital and radial excitations is determined. Our results show that good agreement with the experimental data for the slope and the intercept of the Regge trajectory can be obtained only taking into account the nonperturbative and the nonlocal characters of interactions. The dependences of the constituent masses of constituent particles on the masses of a free state are certain. When quarks are light, then the difference between current and valent masses of quarks is greater than valent masses of quarks, and when quarks are heavy, then the difference between these masses is insignificant. One of the alternative variants of taking nonlocality into account has been suggested for the definition of properties of hadrons at large distances. The dependence of the constituent masses of constituent particles on the radius of confinement is determined.     

Relativistic effects on LEED intensities from Au(111)

Comparison of relativistically and nonrelativistically calculated intensity versus energy profiles in low energy electron diffraction (LEED) from the (111) surface of Au (Z = 79) reveals that relativistic corrections are quite significant. They can however, be obtained in very good approximation by quasirelativistic calculations, in which spin-averaged relativistic phase shifts are used as input for the nonrelativistic multiple scattering formalism. Further, relativistic effects on intensities are found to be comparable to differences arising from different approximations to the exchange part of the ion core potential.     

The stark effect on the hfs of relativistic H-like atoms

The energy shift of relativistic H-like atom is calculated in second order by external field ε, and in the first order by hyperfine-structure interaction. The relativistic corrections to scalar and tensor polarizability are presented.     

组态相互作用和相对论修正对类He离子双电子谱的影响

研究了组态相互作用和相对论修正对低Z(原子序数)及中等Z类He离子双电子谱的影响,使用准相对论及非相对论的Hartree-Fock自洽场方法计算了描写双电子伴线的原子参数。计算结果表明,(1)组态相互作用对类He离子双电子诺有显著影响;(2)对中等Z的类He离子,仅以能量微扰的形式计入相对论修正是不足够的,为了获得更加精确的计算结果,不仅要考虑相对论修正对单、双激发态能量的影响,而且要考虑该效应对径向波函数的影响。     

Energy levels of francium

Many-body perturbation theory is used for relativistic calculations of energy levels and of fine-structure intervals for 20 lower states of francium. The zeroth-order approximation is obtained by the relativistic Hartree-Fock method. The second-order correlation corrections are calculated. The accuracy for the s, p and f energy levels is not worse than 0.5%.     

Radiative corrections in heavy quarkonia

We investigate radiative corrections in heavy quarkonia and calculate relativistic corrections which are not taken into account in earlier papers. It appears that these terms cannot be neglected as compared to the usually calculated radiative corrections and lead to a considerable contribution to the level splittings.     

Co24+离子1s23s-1s2np跃迁的波长和振子强度

用全实加关联方法计算了Cu26+离子1s23s和1s2np (n £ 9)态的非相对论能量;在计算相对论效应和质量极化效应对体系能量的一级修正、估算高阶相对论修正和QED修正的基础上,计算了该离子1s23s-1s2np的跃迁能、波长和在三种规范下的振子强度,得到与现有实验数据符合得很好的结果.与量子亏损理论结合,将对该离子能量和振子强度的理论预言准确地外推到包括连续态的整个能域.     

Cu26+离子1s23s-1s2np跃迁的波长和振子强度

用全实加关联方法计算了Cu26+离子1s23s和1s2np (n  9)态的非相对论能量.在计算相对论效应和质量极化效应对体系能量的一级修正的基础上,通过引入价电子的有效核电荷,在类氢近似下,估算了对能量的高阶相对论修正和QED修正,计算了该离子1s23s-1s2np的跃迁能, 波长和在三种规范下的振子强度.得到与现有实验数据符合得很好的结果.与量子亏损理论结合,将对该离子能量和振子强度的理论预言准确地外推到包括连续态的整个能域.     

LOCV calculation of nuclear matter with relativistic Hamiltonian

The equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter is calculated using the relativistic Hamiltonian (H_R) with potentials which have been fitted with the N -N scattering data using the relativistic two-body Hamiltonian ( [(v)\tilde]₁₄ \tilde{{v}}_{{14}}^{} and the non-relativistic two-body Hamiltonian, i.e. the Argonne V₁₄ interaction. The boost interaction corrections as well as the relativistic one-body and two-body kinetic energy corrections in cluster expansion energy within the lowest-order-constrained variational method are calculated. It is shown that the relativistic corrections reduce the binding energy by 1.5MeV for [(v)\tilde]₁₄ \tilde{{v}}_{{14}}^{} and AV₁₄ interactions. The symmetric nuclear-matter saturation energy is about -16.43 MeV at r \rho = 0.253 (fm^-3) with [(v)\tilde]₁₄ \tilde{{v}}_{{14}}^{} interaction plus relativistic corrections. Finally, various properties of the symmetric nuclear matter are given and a comparison is made with the other many-body calculations.     

Calculation of the Relativistic Correction in Terms of the Oscillator Representation

A procedure is proposed for the calculation of the corrections associated with the relativistic motion and spin interaction of particles in a system of a few bodies. The relativistic corrections for the Coulomb and Cornell potentials are determined from the relativistic generalization of the Schrödinger equation. The slope of the Regge trajectory and the masses of mesons are calculated taking the relativistic correction into account.     

Neutron Matter Properties Using Skyrme Interaction

The purpose of the present work is to extend earlier nuclear matter calculations to study the properties of neutron matter. The binding energy per particle, symmetry energy, single particle potential, effective mass, and magnetic susceptibility are calculated using a modified Skyrme interaction. These are calculated as a function of the Fermi momentum k_f in the range 0 < k_f < 2 fm^?1. Two sets of the interaction parameters are obtained by fitting the interaction parameters using the available information on neutron matter. Relativistic corrections to the order 1/c² are also calculated. The relativistic corrections are very small and they increase as k_f is increased.     

The Lowest Order Relativistic Corrections for K^-p Two-Body Problem

A two-body equation of the kaon-proton system with the lowest order relativistic corrections is derived and solved. The scattering lengths and the energy of an unstable bound state are calculated.     

On the widths ofK levels of heavy elements

The ratios of the widths ofK levels of heavy elements with atomic number 70 to 92 have been calculated with relativistic wave functions, retardation, screening and field theoretical corrections to relativistic energy. The calculated values have been compared with the available observed data and good agreement has been obtained.     

The Lowest Order Relativistic Corrections for K-p Two-Body Problem

A two-body equation of the kaon-proton system with the lowest order relativistic corrections is derived and solved. The scattering lengths and the energy of an unstable bound state are calculated.