Differential and integral cross-sections of e-O<Subscript>2</Subscript>, O<Subscript>3</Subscript>, NO,CO scattering at energies 100–1000 eV

A modified additivity rule is formulated to calculate the differential cross-sections for elastic scattering of electrons from molecules. It improves the results at small angles and at relatively lower incident energies (<1000 eV). Integral cross-sections calculated presently are combined with the known total ionization cross-sections to obtain total (complete) cross-sections. An extension of the present approximation to larger molecules is also suggested.     

Study of deuteron breakup in light targets at intermediate energies

Reaction cross-sections and proton removal cross-sections in deuteron-induced reactions with carbon and beryllium targets are studied at intermediate energies. The cross-sections calculated in eikonal approximation show a good agreement with experimental data. The sensitivity of the cross-sections to the target structure, the nucleon-target interaction potential, and the spatial distribution of nucleons in the deuteron is discussed. Received: 30 May 2001 / Accepted: 2 October 2001     

Acoustic radiation from a viscoelastic beam impacted by a steel sphere

The acoustic radiation from a viscoelastic beam impacted by a steel sphere has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Transverse vibrations of free-free viscoelastic beams have been analyzed by employing the modal analysis technique and an approximate method, with the Hertz theory used to evaluate impact forces. The wave equation was solved to determine the acoustic pressure radiated from impacted beams of circular and elliptical cross-sections. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results for the radiation from PMMA beams of circular and rectangular cross-sections. It is shown that for beams of circular cross-sections the theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement and that for beams of rectangular cross-sections the radiation is well predicted by modeling them as beams with elliptical cross-sections.     

Ground-state inversion method applied to calculation of molecular photoionization cross-sections by atomic extrapolation: Interference effects at low energies

The ground-state inversion method, which we have previously developed for the calculation of atomic cross-sections [ 29 ], is applied to the calculation of molecular photoionization cross-sections. These are obtained as a weighted sum of atomic subshell cross-sections plus multi-centre interference terms. The atomic cross-sections are calculated directly for the atomic functions which when summed over centre and symmetry yield the molecular orbital wave function. The use of the ground-state inversion method for this allows the effect of the molecular environment on the atomic cross-sections to be calculated. Multi-centre terms are estimated on the basis of an effective plane-wave expression for this contribution to the total cross-section. Finally the method is applied to the range of photon energies from 0 to 44 eV where atomic extrapolation procedures have not previously been tested. Results obtained for H₂, N₂ and CO show good agreement with experiment, particularly when interference effects and effects of the molecular environment on the atomic cross-sections are included. The accuracy is very much better than that of previous plane-wave and orthogonalized plane-wave methods, and can stand comparison with that of recent more sophisticated approaches. It is a feature of the method that calculation of cross-sections either of atoms or of large molecules requires very little computer time, provided that good quality wave functions are available, and it is then of considerable potential practical interest for photoelectron spectroscopy.     

Total electron ionization cross-sections for molecules of astrochemical interest

ABSTRACT

We describe a newly upgraded instrument for measuring absolute total electron ionization cross-sections over the energy range from 0 to 300?eV, and present cross-sections for nine previously unstudied molecules, as well as several small molecules for which comparison data is available. The measured cross-sections are compared with the predictions of the BEB model, and show reasonable agreement with the model, albeit peaking at higher electron energies than predicted by the model. We show that the maxima in the cross-sections follow an additivity model, such that the molecular cross-sections can be expressed as a sum over contributions from the constituent atoms. These contributions have been determined from a global fit to the data for all molecules studied, and allow maximum cross-sections to be predicted for molecules that have not been studied to date. We demonstrate the expected correlation between the maximum ionization cross-section and the molecular polarisability, and show that the atomic contributions to the cross-section show a similar dependence on the atomic polarisability. The observed correlation can be used as an alternative method for predicting unknown maximum cross-sections.     

Asymptotic quantum inelastic generalized Lorenz-Mie theory

The (electromagnetic) generalized Lorenz-Mie theory describes the interaction between an electromagnetic arbitrary shaped beam and a homogeneous sphere. It is a generalization of the Lorenz-Mie theory which deals with the simpler case of a plane wave illumination. In a recent paper, we consider (i) elastic cross-sections in electromagnetic generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and (ii) elastic cross-sections in an associated quantum generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. We demonstrated that the electromagnetic problem is equivalent to a superposition of two effective quantum problems. We now intend to generalize this result from elastic cross-sections to inelastic cross-sections. A prerequisite is to build an asymptotic quantum inelastic generalized Lorenz-Mie theory, which is presented in this paper.     

Experimental intercomparison of the absorption cross-sections of nitrous acid (HONO) in the ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectral regions

Nitrous acid, HONO, is an important trace gas in tropospheric photochemistry, because it is a source of OH radicals. In order to obtain HONO concentrations from spectroscopic measurements, the knowledge of accurate absorption cross-sections is essential. Furthermore, the ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of HONO determine its atmospheric photolysis rates, which are still being debated. In particular, in a recent field study focusing on the photolysis frequency of HONO, the absolute values of the ultraviolet absorption cross-sections have been proposed as a potential source for systematic errors. For these reasons, we have compared the absorption cross-sections for HONO in the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) by performing simultaneous measurements in both spectral regions. Assuming that the IR cross-sections (that show good agreement between different studies) are correct, our study shows a good agreement between the consistent infrared studies and some selected accurate UV spectra published previously (about 6%) while a rather large disagreement (about 22%) is observed when using other UV data sets.     

Determination of photoionization cross-sections of chlorofluoro derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons

Absolute photoionization cross-sections of a series of chlorofluoroalkanes have been determined by measuring relative band-intensities in the UP spectra of binary gaseous mixtures. Each mixture (of known composition) contained a chlorofluoroalkane and a standard gas having known partial cross-sections. The experimental results are compared with theoretical data obtained from calculated atomic absolute photoionization cross-sections, adopting the Gelius—Siegbahn model. The agreement between the experimental and theoretical data is satisfactory in reproducing trends and variations.     

Scattering of slow electrons by Si

The close coupling method is applied to e-Si scattering using Hartree-Fock target wavefunctions. Scattering cross-sections are found to be free from the effects of shape resonances and large elastic cross-sections are obtained at low energies.     

Cluster production and the pomeron in meson-baryon and baryon-baryon collisions

The bare pomeron in models based on duality diagrams is found to contribute very differently at low energies to pp and Kp total cross-sections. A simple quantitative comparison of these cross-sections is found to be consistent with phenomenological cluster production models.     

溴的光电离和辐射复合——平均原子模型速率系数与细致组态速率系数

根据原子自洽场理论(即DCA)，计算了溴原子各种电离度各个壳层的DCA约化光电离截面.与AA模型的平均电子轨道约化光电离截面进行比较，总结出其内在规律.在AA的约化光电离截面的基础上，可以得到电离度分辨的DCA约化光电离截面；进而可以得到细致组态的光电离和辐射复合速率系数.为精密地描述非局域热动平衡(n-LTE)等离子体提供必要的基础. 关键词： 光电离 速率系数 平均原子模型     

Nuclear fragmentation cross-sections of 400 A MeV 36Ar and 40Ar in collisions with light and heavy target nuclei

We have measured fragmentation cross-sections of Ar projectile nuclei at beam energy of 400 A MeV using experimental set-ups with plastic nuclear track detectors and different targets. In this paper total charge changing cross-sections and elemental fragmentation cross-sections for the production of fragments with charges ZF > or = 7 in interactions with H, C, Al, Cu, Ag and Pb target nuclei are presented. The dependence of the cross-sections on the fragment charge number and target charge number are discussed. The experimental results are compared to predictions of semi empirical cross-section models.     

Quantum tachyons

The interaction of superluminal radiation with matter in atomic bound-bound and bound-free transitions is investigated. We study transitions in the relativistic hydrogen atom effected by superluminal quanta. The superluminal radiation field is coupled by minimal substitution to the Dirac equation in a Coulomb potential. We quantize the interaction to obtain the transition matrix for induced and spontaneous superluminal radiation in hydrogen-like ions. The tachyonic photoelectric effect is scrutinized, the cross-sections for ground state ionization by transversal and longitudinal tachyons are derived. We examine the relativistic regime, high electronic ejection energies, as well as the first order correction to the non-relativistic cross-sections. In the ultra-relativistic limit, both the longitudinal and transversal cross-sections are peaked at small but noticeably different scattering angles. In the non-relativistic limit, the longitudinal cross-section has two maxima, and its minimum is located at the transversal maximum. Ionization cross-sections can thus be used to discriminate longitudinal radiation from transversal tachyons and photons.     

Double electron capture cross-sections by protons in collisions with He

Double electron capture (DEC) by protons from He was studied in collisions at energies in the keV regime, theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical cross-sections were calculated using the electron nuclear dynamic approach and a binomial distribution method in the energy range 1–100 keV. Experimental cross-sections were measured by means of the grow-rate method in the energy range of 4–10 keV. The cross-sections measured are consistent with those of the previous data at the high energies of the measured interval and show a different trend for the low energy. This behavior is consistent with those of other DEC cross-sections measured by protons from He-like targets. With the two collision models, it is proven that the reference data for this system are consistent only with the assumption of uncorrelated electrons and with independent target-projectile nuclei dynamics.     

Multiphoton free-free transitions in a spatially inhomogeneous laser field

Summary The results of an investigation are presented in which it is shown how the spatial inhomogeneity of a laser field modifies the multiphoton free-free transition cross-sections compared to the case of a homogeneous field. This kind of investigation is required to make more close contact with experiments in intense fields, as in these cases the inhomogeneity is produced by the focusing of the laser beam. Furthermore, taking into account the intensity spatial distribution allows us to achieve in an effective way the asymptotic decoupling of the scattered particles from the field, which is very important for theoretical models using asymptotic initial and final states embedded in the field. Differential and total cross-sections are calculated over a wide range of parameters as functions of the scattering angle, of the incoming-particle energy and of the laser intensity and frequency. The laser spatial inhomogeneity is found to wash out most of the oscillating behaviour of multiphoton differential cross-sections, derived within the model of a homogeneous laser. Little modifications are, instead, found in the total cross-sections which are simply scaled to slightly lower values. Crosssections with zero photon exchange are increased, while those with photon exchanges are lowered. This yields the result that the sum of all the ≪inhomogeneous≫ cross-sections is equal to the sum of all the ≪homogeneous≫ ones (sum rule). The multiphoton free-free transition differential cross-sections are found to be very sensitive quantities which may be used to get information on the laser properties and on their nonlinear behaviour, when these are not precisely known. To speed up publication, the authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Ionization and excitation of some atomic targets and metal oxides by electron impact

We have calculated total inelastic and total ionization cross-sections for collisions of electrons on atomic targets oxygen (O), aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) and metal oxides AlO and Al₂O, at impact energies from near excitation threshold to 2000 eV. A complex (optical) energy-dependent interaction potential is used to derive total inelastic cross-sections resulting from ionization as well as excitation processes. The inelastic cross-sections are bifurcated into discrete and continuum contributions and total ionization cross-sections have been deduced therefrom. Our calculation also provides information, hitherto sparse, on the excitation processes in the atomic targets O, Al, Cu and metal oxides AlO, Al₂O. Adequate comparisons are made with other theoretical and experimental data.     

Exploiting barrier distributions to investigate breakup effects in the fusion of 9Be+208Pb

The availability of precisely measured fusion excitation functions have allowed the determination of experimental fusion barrier distributions. This concept is utilised in ⁹Be+²⁰⁸Pb reaction, to reliably predict the expected complete fusion cross-sections. However, the measured cross-sections are found to be only 68% of those predicted. The large cross-sections observed for incomplete fusion products support the interpretation that this suppression of fusion is caused by ⁹Be breaking up into charged fragments before reaching the fusion barrier.     

Measurement of photoabsorption and fluorescence cross-sections for CS2 at 188.2–213 and 287.5–339.5 nm

The photoabsorption and fluorescence cross-sections for carbon disulphide have been measured in the 188.2–213 and 287.5–339.5 nm spectral regions using an argon mini-arc light source. The absorption cross-sections have been measured with an accuracy of ±4.2% whereas the most probable error estimated in the case of fluorescence cross-sections is ±5.1%. The fluorescence quantum yields for CS₂ have also been obtained in the two spectral regions.