超形变核全同带的研究

简述了超形变原子核全同带的研究进展情况,并以Bohr-Mottelson的I(I+1)展开转动谱公式对部分典型的超形变带进行了分析.发现所谓全同带的确只是两个带的J⁽²⁾比较接近,它们的J⁽¹⁾和J₀并不相等,而且signature对偶带更接近全同.     

Effects of flanking band proximity, number, and modulation pattern on comodulation masking release

Comodulation masking release for a 700-Hz pure-tone signal was investigated as a function of the number and spectral positions of 20-Hz-wide comodulated flanking bands. In the first experiment, all stimuli were presented diotically. CMR was examined as a function of the number of flanking bands present, in conditions where the bands were arranged symmetrically around the signal frequency, were below the signal frequency, or were above the signal frequency. The number of flanking bands ranged from one to eight, and the magnitude of the diotic CMR ranged from approximately 5-16 dB. The results indicated: (1) bands closer to the signal resulted in larger masking release, and (2) more bands gave rise to larger CMR (but with diminishing returns above two flanking bands). Two additional sets of diotic conditions were examined and compared to the condition where all eight comodulated flanking bands were present: In one set of conditions, two of the eight flanking bands were removed; in the other set of conditions, two of the eight flanking bands were replaced with bands (termed "deviant" bands) that were not comodulated with respect to the other bands. There was very little effect of reducing eight bands to six, even when the removed bands were relatively near the signal frequency; however, CMR was substantially reduced when deviant bands were introduced, particularly when the deviant bands were placed relatively near the signal frequency. These reductions in CMR were slightly greater when each of the deviant bands had a unique modulation pattern (bideviant bands) than when the two deviant bands themselves shared the same modulation pattern (codeviant bands). In the second experiment, dichotic conditions were examined where the number and spectral positions of the flanking bands in the nonsignal ear were varied (the signal ear received only a 20-Hz-wide noise band centered on the signal frequency). The magnitude of the dichotic CMR ranged from approximately 2-10 dB, depending on condition. Effects of proximity and the number of flanking bands were similar to the effects obtained in diotic conditions. For both the diotic and the dichotic data, the effects of proximity were more consistent with an interpretation based upon across-channel processing than upon a within-channel interaction. The results obtained using deviant bands indicate that it is difficult for the auditory system to disregard the modulation pattern of flanking bands that differ from the modulation pattern of the on-signal band, particularly if such bands are proximal to the signal frequency.     

Comodulation masking release and auditory grouping

The detectability of a pure-tone signal masked by a band of noise centered on the signal can be improved by the addition of flanking noise bands, provided that the temporal envelopes of the flanking bands are correlated with that of the on-signal band. This phenomenon is referred to as comodulation masking release (CMR). The present study examined CMR in conditions in which some flanking noise bands were comodulated with the on-signal band, but other flanking bands (termed "deviant" bands) were not. Past research has indicated that CMR is often substantially reduced when deviant bands are present at spectral locations close to the signal frequency. An investigation was undertaken to determine whether the disruptive effects of such bands could be reduced by factors related to auditory grouping. The signal frequency was 100 Hz. In one condition, only 20-Hz-wide comodulated bands, centered on 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 Hz, were present. The CMR for this condition, referenced to threshold for the on-signal band only, was approximately 15 dB. In a second condition, two deviant bands were added at 900 and 1100 Hz; their presence reduced the CMR to only 3-4 dB. The number of deviant bands was then increased progressively, from two to eight bands. Deviant bands either shared a common envelope (codeviant), or had unique envelopes (multideviant). The number of bands that were comodulated with the on-signal band was held constant at six.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Gamma Vibrational Bands and Chiral Doublet Bands in A≈100 Neutron-rich Nuclei

The level structures of neutron-rich ~(105)Mo,~(106)Mo,~(108)Mo and 110Ru nuclei in A≈100 region have been carefully investigated by coincidence measurements of the prompt γ-rays populated in the spontaneous fission of ~(252)Cf with the Gammasphere detector array.In 105Mo,one-phonon K =9/2 and two-phonon K=13/2 γ-vibrational bands have been identified.In ~(108)Mo,one-phonon γ-vibrational band is expanded and two-phonon γ-vibrational band has been identified.Two similar sets of bands in ~(106)Mo and ~(110)Ru are observed to high spins,which have been proposed as the soft chiral γ-vibrational bands.The characteristics for these γ-vibrational bands and chiral doublet bands have been discussed.     

Nonadditivity in moments of inertia of high-K multiquasiparticle bands

The experimental high-K 2- and 3-quasiparticle bands of well deformed rare-earth nuclei are analyzed. It is found that there exists significant nonadditivity in moments of inertia (MOIs) for these bands. The microscopic mechanism of the rotational bands is investigated by the particle number conserving (PNC) method in the frame of cranked shell model with pairing, in which the blocking effects are taken care of exactly. The experimental rotational frequency dependence of these bands is well reproduced in PNC calculations. The nonadditivity in MOIs originates from the destructive interference between Pauli blocking effects.     

Nonadditivity in moments of inertia of high-K multiquasiparticle bands

The experimental high-K 2-and 3-quasiparticle bands of well deformed rare-earth nuclei are analyzed.It is found that there exists significant nonadditivity in moments of inertia(MOIs)for these bands.The microscopic mechanism of the rotatiohal bands is investigated by the particle number conserving(PNC)method in the frame of cranked shell model with pairing.in which the blocking effects are taken care of exactly.The experimental rotational frequency dependenEe of these bands is well reproduced in PNC calculations.The nonadditivity in MOIs originates from the destructive interference between Pauli blocking effects.     

Deformation band evolution in [110] Al single crystals strained in tension

Several types of deformation bands form during uniaxial extension of Al single crystals for which the tensile axis is initially parallel to [110]. The objectives of the present work are to analyse crystal orientation evolution in the deformation bands and adjoining regions, and to integrate the experimental observations with a crystal mechanics model. The most prominent deformation bands contain secondary slip traces and exhibit crystal rotations consistent with unpredicted slip on a secondary slip system. These special bands of secondary slip (SBSS) become more closely aligned with the tensile axis as extension increases. The evolution of SBSS inclination with extension indicates that SBSS form initially as kink bands and that SBSS boundaries are immobile. SBSS grow during straining by expansion of the volume of material in which secondary slip operates. Deformed matrix (DM) bands are zones between SBSS; primary slip predominates in DM bands. Small intra-DM bands result from spatial variation of the shear amplitudes for the two primary slip systems. The evolution of intra-DM band inclination with extension indicates that intra-DM bands form initially as kink bands and that the band boundaries are mobile, at least to some extent.     

Band selection of hyperspectral-image based weighted indipendent component analysis

Huge amounts of data in hyperspectral images have been caused to represent approaches for the band selection of these images. In this paper, a new approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed. The idea of projection pursuit is used to order the bands on the basis of a non-gaussianity distribution. Applying a negentropy function to weight bands is a novel idea that leads to the selection of bands with minimum mutual information (MI) and besides maximum entropy, with respected to the bands selected using other methods.     

Beyond Eliashberg superconductivity in MgB2: anharmonicity, two-phonon scattering, and multiple gaps

Density-functional calculations of the phonon spectrum and electron-phonon coupling in MgB (2) are presented. The E(2g) phonons, which involve in-plane B displacements, couple strongly to the p(x,y) electronic bands. The isotropic electron-phonon coupling constant is calculated to be about 0.8. Allowing for different order parameters in different bands, the superconducting lambda in the clean limit is calculated to be significantly larger. The E(2g) phonons are strongly anharmonic, and the nonlinear contribution to the coupling between the E(2g) modes and the p(x,y) bands is significant.     

Coulomb excitation paths of high-K isomer bands in 178Hf

Three distinctly different mechanisms are shown to populate the K(pi)=6(+) (t(1/2)=77 ns), 16(+) (31 yr), and 8(-) (4 s) isomer bands of 178Hf by Coulomb excitation. High spin states of the three isomer bands were populated by Coulomb excitation of a hafnium target with a 650 MeV 136Xe beam. Although direct population of high-K bands is highly K-forbidden, isomer bands in 178Hf were populated up to spins 13(+)(K=6), 20(+)(K=16), and 14(-)(K=8) with in-band gamma yields of approximately 10(-4) of the ground state band. The data are consistent with a rapid increase in K mixing with increasing spin in the isomer bands.     

The role of single-channel cues in synchrony perception: the summed waveform

Human observers are able to discriminate between simultaneously presented bands of noise having envelopes that are identical (synchronous) rather than statistically independent (asynchronous). The possibility that the detection of envelope synchrony is based on cues available in a single critical band, rather than on a simultaneous comparison of envelopes extracted via independent critical bands, is examined. Two potential single-channel cues were examined, both relying on the assumption that information present in the envelope of the summed bands is available to the listener. One such single-channel cue is the rms of the envelope of the summed waveform; the envelope is more deeply modulated for the summed synchronous bands than for the summed asynchronous bands. The second cue examined was envelope regularity; the envelope of the summed synchronous bands has periodic envelope minima, while the summed asynchronous bands exhibit aperiodic envelope minima. Psychophysical results suggest that such within-channel cues may be both available to, and utilized by, the listener when the component bands are separated by less than one-third of an octave.     

Analysis of a simplified normalized covariance measure based on binary weighting functions for predicting the intelligibility of noise-suppressed speech

The normalized covariance measure (NCM) has been shown previously to predict reliably the intelligibility of noise-suppressed speech containing non-linear distortions. This study analyzes a simplified NCM measure that requires only a small number of bands (not necessarily contiguous) and uses simple binary (1 or 0) weighting functions. The rationale behind the use of a small number of bands is to account for the fact that the spectral information contained in contiguous or nearby bands is correlated and redundant. The modified NCM measure was evaluated with speech intelligibility scores obtained by normal-hearing listeners in 72 noisy conditions involving noise-suppressed speech corrupted by four different types of maskers (car, babble, train, and street interferences). High correlation (r = 0.8) was obtained with the modified NCM measure even when only one band was used. Further analysis revealed a masker-specific pattern of correlations when only one band was used, and bands with low correlation signified the corresponding envelopes that have been severely distorted by the noise-suppression algorithm and/or the masker. Correlation improved to r = 0.84 when only two disjoint bands (centered at 325 and 1874 Hz) were used. Even further improvements in correlation (r = 0.85) were obtained when three or four lower-frequency (<700 Hz) bands were selected.     

Relative contribution of off- and on-frequency spectral components of background noise to the masking of unprocessed and vocoded speech

The present study examined the relative influence of the off- and on-frequency spectral components of modulated and unmodulated maskers on consonant recognition. Stimuli were divided into 30 contiguous equivalent rectangular bandwidths. The temporal fine structure (TFS) in each "target" band was either left intact or replaced with tones using vocoder processing. Recognition scores for 10, 15 and 20 target bands randomly located in frequency were obtained in quiet and in the presence of all 30 masker bands, only the off-frequency masker bands, or only the on-frequency masker bands. The amount of masking produced by the on-frequency bands was generally comparable to that produced by the broadband masker. However, the difference between these two conditions was often significant, indicating an influence of the off-frequency masker bands, likely through modulation interference or spectral restoration. Although vocoder processing systematically lead to poorer consonant recognition scores, the deficit observed in noise could often be attributed to that observed in quiet. These data indicate that (i) speech recognition is affected by the off-frequency components of the background and (ii) the nature of the target TFS does not systematically affect speech recognition in noise, especially when energetic masking and/or the number of target bands is limited.     

Microscopic study of low-lying collective bands in77Kr

The structure of the collective bands in⁷⁷Kr is investigated within our deformed shell model (DSM) based on Hartree-Fock states. The different levels are classified into collective bands on the basis of their B(E2) values. The calculatedK = 5/2⁺ ground band agrees reasonably well with the experiment. An attempt has been made to study the structure of the 3-quasiparticle band based on large J state in this nucleus. The calculated collective bands, the B(E2), and B(M1) values are compared with available experimental data. The nature of alignments in the low-lying bands is also analyzed.     

Risk of misinterpretation of nearly degenerate pair bands as chiral partners in nuclei

The experimental information on the observed nearly degenerate bands in the N = 75 isotones, in particular 134Pr and 136Pm, which are often considered as the best candidates for chiral bands, is critically analyzed. Most properties of the bands, in particular, the recently measured branching ratios and lifetimes, are in clear disagreement with the interpretation of the two bands as chiral bands. For I =14-18 in 134Pr, where the observed energies are almost degenerate, we have obtained a value of 2.0(4) for the ratio of the transition quadrupole moments of the two bands, which implies a considerable difference in the nuclear shape associated with the two bands. The insufficiency of the near-degeneracy criterion to trace nuclear chirality is emphasized.     

High-resolution measurement of HCl overtone vibration-rotation bands by intracavity dye laser techniques

High-resolution measurements of HCl (5-0) and (7-0) overtone vibration-rotation bands have been made with an ultrasensitive intracavity dye laser quenching technique. The spectra of HCl (5-0), (6-0), and (7-0) overtone bands and intensities of the (5-0) and (6-0) bands obtained by an intracavity dye laser photoacoustic detection technique are also reported. A brief comparison of dye laser quenching and photoacoustic detection techniques is also reported.     

基于i PLS的矿井突水激光诱导荧光光谱特征波段筛选

矿井突水一直威胁着煤矿井下施工人员的生命安全,准确且快速识别矿井突水水源类型对于矿井的安全生产起到关键性作用。激光诱导荧光(LIF)光谱技术识别矿井突水水源,有效避免了常规的水化学法需要测定多种化学参数,水源识别时间过长的缺点。提出一种间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)与粒子群联合支持向量分类算法(PSO-SVC)相结合的方法,iPLS算法常应用于光谱波段优选和模型的回归分析,PSO-SVC则在机器学习领域有着重要的应用,激光诱导荧光技术具有快速的时间响应、测量精度高等特点,iPLS和PSO-SVC算法运用于光谱图和光谱数据的分析,进而可以对突水水源类型识别分类。首先,用淮南矿区采集到的7种(每种水样30组)共210组荧光光谱数据进行实验,对老空水、灰岩水、灰岩水和老空水不同体积比混合水样的激光诱导荧光光谱图的差异性进行分析。比较了留出法和Kennard-Stone样本划分方法所得到的PSO-SVC模型分类准确率,采用留出法得到的训练集水样(140组)和测试集水样(70组)作为实验样本。其次,用iPLS算法将全光谱波段依次按10～25波段区间进行等分,选取划分区间的RMSECV(交叉验证均方根误差)值小于全光谱波段RMSECV值(阈值)的波段作为特征波段,结合光谱图对比分析了划分10和14个子区间的建模结果,发现通过直接观察得到的特征波段与iPLS算法筛选出的特征波段存在误差。最后,在不进行去噪、降维等预处理条件下,根据iPLS划分不同区间数的评价指标统计数据,选取划分11个区间所筛选出具有561个波长点的410.078～478.424和545.078～674.104 nm特征波段范围数据作为PSO-SVC模型的输入,以iPLS结合PSO-SVC算法筛选出的特征波段与全光谱波段、直接观察得到波段建模准确率相比,训练集与测试集的分类准确率高达100%,PSO寻优到的最佳惩罚系数c为1.367 0,核函数参数g为0.576 2。从实验结果可以看出,利用iPLS进行荧光光谱的特征波段筛选是切实可行的,提取出的特征波段能充分反映出全光谱波段的有效信息,为激光诱导荧光光谱技术用于矿井突水水源精准在线识别的研究提供了理论依据。     

A=190区奇奇核超形变带顺排涌动量的相加性

利用推转玻尔-莫特森模型指定的能级自旋,研究了A＝190区奇奇核194Tl和196Bi超形变带的顺排角动量的相加性．194Tl的6条超形变带中,有4条满足顺排角动量的相加性规则,而196Bi的超形变带不满足这个规则．     

Bilayer twisting as a mean to isolate connected flat bands in a kagome lattice through Wigner crystallization

The physics of flat band is novel and rich but difficult to access. In this regard, recently twisting of bilayer van der Waals(vd W)-bounded two-dimensional(2 D) materials has attracted much attention, because the reduction of Brillouin zone will eventually lead to a diminishing kinetic energy. Alternatively, one may start with a 2 D kagome lattice, which already possesses flat bands at the Fermi level, but unfortunately these bands connect quadratically to other(dispersive)bands, leading to undesirable effects. Here, we propose, by first-principles calculation and tight-binding modeling, that the same bilayer twisting approach can be used to isolate the kagome flat bands. As the starting kinetic energy is already vanishingly small, the interlayer vd W potential is always sufficiently large irrespective of the twisting angle. As such the electronic states in the(connected) flat bands become unstable against a spontaneous Wigner crystallization, which is expected to have interesting interplays with other flat-band phenomena such as novel superconductivity and anomalous quantum Hall effect.     

Description of Properties of Triaxial Superdeformed Bands in Odd-A Lu Isotopes

Properties of the triaxial superdeformed （TSD） bands of odd-A Lu isotopes are investigated systematically within the supersymmetry scheme including many-body interactions and a perturbation possessing the S0（5） （or SU（5）） symmetry on the rotational symmetry. Quantitatively good results of the γ-ray energies, the dynamical moments of inertia and the spin of the TSD bands in odd-A Lu isotopes are obtained. The calculation shows that the competition between the pairing and anti-pairing effects exists in these TSD bands. Meanwhile, the SU（3） symmetry in TSD bands are broken more seriously than in superdeformed （SD） bands.