Hydrogen burning of 20Ne and 22Ne in stars

The ²⁰Ne(p, γ)²¹Na capture reaction has been studied in the energy range E_p = 0.37–2.10 MeV. Direct-capture transitions to the $\text{332 (}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}\text{and}\text{2425}\text{keV}\text{(}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$ states have been found with spectroscopic factors of C²S(1d) = 0.77±0.13 and C²S(2s) = 0.90±0.12, respectively. The high-energy tail of the 2425 keV state, bound by 7 keV against proton decay, has also been observed in the above energy range as a subthreshold resonance. The excitation function for this tail is consistent with a single-level Breit-Wigner shape for a γ-width of Γ_γ = 0.31±0.07 eV at E_x = 2425 keV. The extrapolation of these data to stellar energies gives an astrophysical S-factor of S(0) = 3500 keV · b. Two new resonances at E_p = 384±5 and 417± 5 keV have been observed with strengths of ωγ = 0.11±0.02 and 0.06±0.01 meV, corresponding to the known states at and 2829 keV (presumably $\text{9}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$), respectively. For the known E_p = 1830 keV resonance, a strength of ωγ = 1.0± 0.3 eV and a total width of Γ = 180± 15 keV were found. Branching ratios as well as transition strengths have been obtained for these three states. The Q-value for the ²⁰Ne(p, γ)²¹Na reaction (Q = 2432.3 ± 0.5 keV) as well as excitation energies for many low-lying states in ²¹Na have been measured. No evidence was found for the existence of the state reported at E_x = 4308±4 keV.In the case of ²²Ne(p, γ)²³Na, direct-capture transitions to six final bound states have been observed revealing sizeable spectroscopic factors for these states. The astrophysical S-factor extrapolated from these data to stellar energies, is S(0) = 67 ± 12 keV · b.The astrophysical as well as the nuclear structure aspects of the present results are discussed.     

Neutron resonance parameters and radiative capture cross sections of 147Sm and 149Sm

Neutron capture and transmission measurements have been carried out on the separated isotopes of ¹⁴⁷Sm (98.34 %) and ¹⁴⁹Sm (97.72 %) at the 55 m time-of-flight station of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute electron linear accelerator. Resonance energies and neutron widths for a large number of resolved resonances were determined up to 2 keV for ¹⁴⁷Sm and 520 eV for ¹⁴⁹Sm. Radiation widths for 5 resonances in ¹⁴⁷Sm + n and 7 resonances in ¹⁴⁹Sm + n were derived. The s-wave strength functions, average level spacings and average radiation widths were obtained to be: $\text{10}{}^4\text{S}{}_0\text{= 4.8 ± 0.5,}\text{D}\text{= 5.7 ± 0.5}\text{eV}$ and $\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma }}\text{= 69 ± 2}\text{meV for}{}^{147}\text{Sm}$; a $\text{10}{}^4\text{S}{}_0\text{= 4.6 ± 0.6,}\text{D}\text{= 2.2 ± 0.2}\text{eV}$ and $\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma }}\text{= 62 ± 2}\text{meV for}{}^{149}\text{Sm}$. The average capture cr sections were deduced from 3.3 to 300 keV with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 15 %. The measured capture cross sections for ¹⁴⁹Sm are largely different from the evaluated data, which are obtained based on the statistical model calculation. Possible reasons for this disagreement are discussed.     

Nuclear orientation study of the excited states of 129I populated in the decay of 129gTe and 129mTe

From the angular distributions of γ-rays emitted by oriented ^129gTe and ^129mTe nuclei implanted in iron by isotope separator, unique spin assignments could be made for the excited states of ¹²⁹I at 487.4 keV $\text{(}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$, 696.0 keV $\text{(}\text{11}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$, 729.6 keV $\text{(}\text{9}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$, 768.9 keV $\text{(}\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$, 1050.4 keV $\text{(}\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$ and 1111.8 keV $\text{(}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$. In addition, E2/M1 amplitude ratios for the following ¹²⁹I γ-rays (energies are in keV) are derived: δ(459.6) = ?(0.076^+0.037_?0.148); δ(487.4) = 0.50^+0.17_?0.10 or δ^? = 0.35^+0.15_?0.09; δ(556.7) = 0.06±0.02 or δ^? = ?(0.10±0.02); δ(624.4) = 0.10±0.26 or δ^? > 0.4; the 696.0 keV γ-ray is pure E2; δ(729.6) = ?(0.34±0.06) or δ^?1 = 0.55±0.05; δ(741.1) = ?(0.27±0.10) or δ^?1 = ?(0.43±0.12); δ(817.2) = 0.46±0.04 or δ^?1 =0.20±0.03 if $\text{I}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{(845}\text{keV}\text{) =}\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$; δ(1022.6) = ?(0.02 ±0.02) or δ^?1 = ?(0.23±0.02); $\text{δ(1084) = 0.56}{}^{\mathrm{+0.04}}{}_{\mathrm{?0.14}}$; δ(1111.8) = 0.06±0.05 or δ^?1 = ?(0.08±0.05). The anisotropy of the 531.8 keV γ-ray excludes $\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ as a possible spin assignment for the 559.6 keV level, so that no $\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ level is fed in the decay from ¹²⁹Te. Anisotropies for the 209, 250.7, 278.4 and 281.1 keV γ-rays are also measured. Comparison of the level scheme is made with theoretical predictions from both the pairing-plus-quadrupole model and the intermediate coupling unified model.     

Resonance neutron capture gamma rays in 177Hf

Primary capture γ-rays have been studied for 38 ¹⁷⁷Hf neutron resonances with energies in the range 1–165 eV. Intensities were measured for 29 transitions ending at states with an excitation energy in ¹⁷⁸Hf up to 2050 keV. The analysis was facilitated by the previous knowledge of the spin and parity of all neutron resonances and of most low-lying states. For nine final levels, which had not previously been seen, information on J and π was deduced from the corresponding average intensities. The distribution of partial widths was fitted with a χ² function with ν = 1.38_?0.13^+0.18 degrees of freedom for E1 radiation and ν = 1.5_?0.40^+0.60 for M1 radiation. The average El reduced photon strength was found to be $\text{S}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>El</mtext>}}\text{= 〈Γ}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma itij}}\text{/DE}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma }}{}^5\text{〉A}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?8</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{= (4.8 ± 1.0) × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?15}}\text{MeV}{}^{\mathrm{?5}}$ and the ratio between El and Ml intensities equal to 5.5 ± 1.4. A comparison of this value for the El strength with those reported for other nuclei with A$\text{\$}\text{?}$= 100 showed that the intensities follow the A-dependence predicted by the Brink-Axel model. A non-statistical effect was observed, consisting of an enhancement of El transition probalilities to K = 2, 3 final states as compared to K = 0, 4 states.     

Measurement of the decay ϒ′→ϒπ+π−

We report the first observation of the decay $\text{?′→?π}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{→}\text{l}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{l}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{π}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$. The 7 events seen yield a branching ratio B(?′→?π⁺π^?)=(19±8)%. A consistent value of B=(26±13)% is obtained from the charged multiplicities of the ?′ and ? decays. Using these values we deduce Γ_tot(?′)=(31⁺¹⁰_?8) keV and B_ee(?′)=(1.8±0.5)%. Furthermore we estimate Γ(?′→gg?)=(10±5) keV in agreement with QCD predictions using vector gluons while one would expect 100 keV with scalar gluons.     

The Glimm-Jaffe-Spencer expansion for the classical boundary conditions and coexistence of phases in the λφ24 Euclidean (quantum) field theory

The λφ₂⁴ Euclidean (quantum) field theory is studied in the multiphase region, and the following results are proven: (1) The “low temperature” expansion converges for Dirichlet (D), free (F), Neumann (N), and periodic (P), boundary conditions, and the even-point Schwinger functions for these boundary conditions have a mass gap; (2) $\text{〈}\text{o}\text{〉}{}^{\mathrm{b}}\text{=}\text{1}\text{2}\text{〈o〉}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{1}\text{2}\text{〈o〉}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$, where b = D, F, N, P, and 〈o〉^± are the pure states of Glimm, Jaffe, and Spencer; (3) 〈o〉^±ξ = 〈o〉^± for all ξ > 0, where ξ is the buondary field; (4) alternative characterizations of the pure states 〈·〉^± are given.     

The 2425 keV state in 21Na as a subtreshold resonance in 20Ne (p,γ)21 Na

The high-energy tail of the $\text{J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$, 2425 keV state in ²¹Na, bound by 7 keV against proton decay, has been observed in the ²⁰Ne (p,γ)²¹Na reaction at E_p=0.5?1.5 MeV. The observed excitation function is consistent with a single-level Breit-Wigner shape with Γ_γ=0.31±0.07 eV at E_x = 2425 keV.     

Statistical analysis of high-resolution inelastic electron scattering spectra,level densities and missing magnetic quadrupole strength in 90Zr

A fluctuation analysis technique and the comparison of experimentally deduced strength distributions with a statistical one have been used to extract level densities as a function of excitation energy from high-resolution inelastic electron scattering spectra. Both methods yield for the J^π = 2^? states around $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>x</mtext>}}\text{= 9}\text{MeV}\text{in}{}^{90}\text{Zr}$ mean level spacings 〈D〉 = 6.5±1.6 keV and 〈D〉 = 5.5 ± 1.5 keV, respectively. Those level densities are then employed to estimate the magnetic quadrupole strength that is hidden in the background and escaped direct experimental detection.     

The 13N(p, γ)14O reaction at stellar energies

We present a microscopically-founded potential model for the ${}^{13}\text{N(p}\text{, γ)}{}^{14}\text{O}$ reaction at energies of astrophysical interest. The model is shown to reproduce the ${}^{13}\text{C(p}\text{, γ)}{}^{14}\text{O}$cross section very well. The ${}^{13}\text{N(p}\text{, γ)}{}^{14}\text{O}$ reaction is dominated by the first excited J = 1^? resonance in ¹⁴O. For this resonance we find a proton width of Γ_c.m. = 40.1 keV and a photon width of Γ_γ = 1.50 eV.     

Isospin impurity of 64Ga ground state

It is well known that the observation of a nonzero Fermi matrix element for a β-transition between states that differ in isospin can provide information about the relative isospin purity of the states involved. We have determined the log ft value for the 0⁺ → 0⁺ (ΔT ≠ 0) β-transition in ${}^{64}\text{Ga}\text{→}{}^{64}\text{Zn}$ decay as 6.516 ± 0.020. From this log ft value, we have deduced |M_F| = (43.4 ± 1.1) × 10^?3, |α| = (21.7 ± 0.6) × 10^?3 and |〈V_CD〉| = 41.7 ± 1.1 keV, where M_F,α² and 〈V_CD〉 represent the Fermi matrix element, isospin impurity and Coulomb matrix element, respectively. The Coulomb matrix element of 41.7 keV found for ⁶⁴Ga is one of the largest known from β-decay experiments. The experimental procedure involved a careful measurement of the intensity of the annihilation radiation relative to that of the other γ-rays from ⁶⁴Ga decay. As a by-product, we have obtained an improved ⁶⁴Ga decay scheme. We have also summarized the existing information on the isospin impurities of nuclear states as deduced from β-decay experiments.     

The decay of uranium shape isomers investigated by photonuclear reactions

The half-life of the ²³⁸U shape isomer and its yield ratio in a (γ, γ') reaction have been measured by pulsed beam techniques at a bremsstrahlung endpoint energy of 12 MeV. From the results $\text{(T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 146 ± 22}\text{ns}\text{, Y}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>iso</mtext>}}\text{/Y}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>pr</mtext>}}\text{= (6.6 ± 1.0) × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?6}}\text{)}$ the isomeric fission cross section has been deduced. Combining this information with the results of a previous ²³⁸U(γ, xnγ) study, an upper limit for the branching ratio Γ_γ/Γ_f|II < 13 for the decay of ^238mU can be obtained. The decay properties of the ²³⁶U and ²³⁸U shape isomers are discussed.     

An experimental investigation of the radiative structure decay K+ → e+υγ

The decay K⁺ → e⁺υγ has been investigated. For the structure-dependent part with positive γ-helicity (SD₊) the branching ratio $\text{Γ(}\text{SD}{}_{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}\text{Γ(}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{\mu 2}}\text{) = (2.33 ± 0.42) × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?5}}$ is obtained from 51 ± 3 events observed in the kinematical region E_e ? 235 MeV, E_γ > 48 MeV and θ_eγ > 140°. For the corresponding part with negative γ-helicity we obtain an upper limit Γ(SD_?)/Γ(SD₊) < 11 (90% CL) from the sample of electrons with energies 220 MeV ? E_e < 230 MeV and with no γ in the backward direction. This upper limit implies that the ratio of structure-dependent axial vector amplitudes lies outside the region $\text{?1.8 < a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>K</mtext>}}\text{υ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>K</mtext>}}\text{< ?0.54}$.For the decay $\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{νν}\text{ν}$ the limit $\text{Γ(}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{νν}\text{ν}\text{)/Γ(}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{e2}}\text{) < 3.8}$ 90% confidence level) was found.     

The M1 strength distribution in the γ-decay of the gcase92 analogue state in 61Cu

The γ-decay of 26 resonances in the reaction ⁶⁰Ni(p, γ)⁶¹Cu in the range E_p = 3690–3790 keV has been investigated. The $\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>9</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ isobaric analogue state (IAS) corresponding to the parent state at $\text{E}{}^1\text{= 2114}\text{keV}$ in ⁶¹Mi has been resolved into several fine structure components. The absolute strength for the transition to the antianalogue state is found to be Γ_γ = 0.24 ± 0.07 W.u. The measured M1 strength distribution for the decay of the $\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>9</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$. IAS is compared to theoretical predictions.     

Das Niveauschema von 47V aus dem γ-zerfall von Analogresonanzen

A high-accuracy investigation of the level scheme of ⁴⁷V has been performed using the ⁴⁶Ti(p, γ)⁴⁷V reaction. The γ-decay schemes of the strong (p, γ) resonances at E_p = 1546, 1549, 1565 and 1572 keV lead to 17 new energy levels in ⁴⁷V with excitation energies between 2.7 and 5.1 MeV. From the (p,γ) angular distributions mixing ratios of the primary γ-transitions and J^π values of the resonances and of many states populated in the γ-decay have been determined. The total width of the E_p = 1549, 1565 and 1572 keV resonances for γ-decay are found to be Γ_γ = 0.12, 0.15 and 0.03 eV, respectively. The Q-value of the ⁴⁶Ti(p,γ)⁴⁷V reaction is found to be 5168.6 keV. The two resonances at E_p = 1549 and 1565 keV, which have $\text{J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$, are interpreted as fine structure components of the analogue state of the $\text{E}{}^1\text{= 2.545}\text{MeV}\text{J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ level in ⁴⁷Ti while the ($\text{7}\text{2}$) resonance at E_p = 1546 keV might correspond to the $\text{E}{}^1\text{= 2.615}\text{MeV}\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ parent state in ⁴⁷Ti. The analogue-antianalogue M1 transition strength of the split $\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ analogue state is 0.01 single-particle units and fits well into our systematics of IAS → AIAS transitions in fp-shell nuclei.     

Search for parity-nonconservation effects in deep-inelastic μ-N interaction

The difference of the cross sections for deep inelastic scattering of muons with average momenta 21 GeV/c with right and left helicity at large angles, i.e., with large momentum transfer, has been measured. No statistically-significant dependence of cross sections on the longitudinal polarization of muons has been found, i.e. no parity-nonconservation effects in deep inelastic μN interaction have been observed. The magnitude of the cross-section asymmetry $\text{R =}\text{[〈σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>R</mtext>}}\text{〉 ? 〈σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>L</mtext>}}\text{〉]}\text{[〈σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>R</mtext>}}\text{〉+ + 〈σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>L</mtext>}}\text{〉]}$ may be represented as R = β〈Q²〉 = (? 4 ± 6) × 10^?3 〈Q², (GeV/c)²〉. The limitations G_o^(μ) = (+ 6 ± 10)G have been obtained for the constant G_o^(μ) of vector-axial interaction $\text{(}\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}{}^{\mathrm{(\mu )}}\text{2}\text{) [}\text{μ}\text{γα(1 + γ}{}_5\text{)μ] J}{}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}$ (hadron, V-A).     

Coulomb excitation of 85Rb and 87Rb

Energy levels of ⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb have been studied via de-excitation γ-rays following Coulomb excitation with ³⁵Cl ions. In addition to the known negative-parity states at 151.2 keV and 868.2 keV in ⁸⁵Rb, two states at 281.0 keV and 731.8 keV have been found with fourγ-ray transitions of 129.8, 281.0, 450.8 and 731.8 keV. Only one Coulomb excited state at 402.6 keV in ⁸⁷Rb has been observed. The B(E2↑) values (in units e² · b²) have been determined as 0.0035±0.0004 (151.2 keV), 0.0016±0.0002 (281.0 keV), 0.0101 ±0.0010 (731.8 keV), and 0.036±0.004 (868.2 keV) for the states in ⁸⁵Rb, and as 0.0054±0.0006 (402.6 keV) for the state in ⁸⁷Rb. The mean lifetimes of the 731.8 keV and 868.2 keV states have been measured by the Doppler shift attenuation method as 6.4±0.7 psec and 4.2±0.5 psec respectively. Angular distribution measurements allow unique spin and parity assignments of $\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ and $\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ to the 281.0 keV and 731.8 keV levels respectively. The spin and parity of the 868.2 keV level has been restricted to $\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ or $\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$.     

First determination of the proton electromagnetic form factors at the threshold of the time-like region

From the measurement of $\text{B}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{=}\text{Γ(}\text{p}\text{p}\text{→}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}\text{Γ}\text{p}\text{p}\text{→total}\text{= (3.2 ± 10}{}^{\mathrm{?7}}\text{)}$, obtained in an experiment at CERN with antiprotons at rest, a value of the proton electromagnetic form factors at the threshold of the time-like region is derived: |G_E| = |G_M| = 0.51 ± 0.08 at q² = -3.52 (GeV/c)².     

Valence band parameters and free exciton reduced mass of zinc telluride derived from free exciton magnetoreflectance

Reflectance spectra were measured on ZnTe in magnetic fields up to 18 T for B ? [100] and B ? [110]. The experiments yield renormalized valence band parameters $\text{γ}{}^1{}_2\text{= 0.83 ± 0.08}$ and $\text{γ}{}^1{}_3\text{= 1.30 ± 0.12}$, corresponding to bare parameters γ₂ = 0.95 ± 0.09 and γ₃ = 1.48 ± 0.14. From the free exciton Rydberg energy $\text{R}{}^1{}_0\text{= 12.8}\text{meV}$ we derive a reduced exciton polaron mass m₀ 0.080 ± 0.005 and a bare reduced mass m₀ 0.074 ± 0.005, corresponding to $\text{γ}{}^1{}_1\text{= 3.9 ± 0.7}$ and γ₁ = 4.4 ± 0.7 for an electron effective polaron mass $\text{m}{}^1{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{= 0.116 m}{}_0$. We further calculate the exciton diamagnetic shift rate according to existing low-field theories modified by a variational calculation taking into account polaron effects and valid up to γ ? 1. The difference between experiment and theory is 10% and the agreement is considered satisfactory.     

Optical detection of cyclotron resonance of electron and holes in CdTe

Cyclotron resonance of electron and holes have been optically detected at 70 GHz and at 1.8 K in n-type CdTe. The bare effective masses, in unit of the free electron mass, are found to be: $\text{m}{}^1\text{= 0.088 ± 0.004}$, $\text{m}{}^1{}_{\mathrm{lh}}\text{= 0.12 ± 0.01}$, $\text{m}{}^1\text{= 0.60 ± for H // <100>}$, and $\text{m}{}^1{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{= 0.089 0.004}$, $\text{m}{}^1{}_{\mathrm{lh}}\text{= 0.11 ± 0.01}$, $\text{m}{}^1{}_{\mathrm{hh}}\text{= 0.69 ± 0.02}$ for H // <111>. The Luttinger valence band parameters deduced from these measurements are: γ₁ = 5.3 ± 0.5, γ₂ = 1.7 ± 0.3 and γ₃ = 2.0 ± 0.3, in fair agreement with the calculations of Lawaetz.