Photocatalytic properties of porous C-doped TiO2 and Ag/C-doped TiO2 nanomaterials by eggshell membrane templating

Porous organic carbon-doped titania (C-TiO₂) nanomaterials and their composites with Ag nanoparticles (Ag/C-TiO₂) were synthesized by an eggshell membrane templating method, and their structural and photocatalytic properties were systematically characterized. These nanomaterials, exhibiting a macroscopic morphology of a thin film, are composed of interwoven tubes, and the tube wall consists of nanocrystals. The doped organic carbon was composed of the active carbon and carbonate species, which could form a layer around the surface of TiO₂ nanoparticles, while the silver was incorporated into Ag/C-TiO₂ composites as separated Ag nanoparticles. The degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation was employed to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of these as-prepared TiO₂-based materials. Both C-TiO₂ and Ag/C-TiO₂ nanomaterials showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO₂ material–commercial Degussa P25. These results can be accounted for the coupling effect of the incorporation of carbon species and Ag nanoparticles.     

Photocatalytic properties of TiO2 and TiO2/Pt: A sol-precipitation,sonochemical and hydrothermal approach

In this work we prepared TiO₂ nano-powders and TiO₂/Pt nano-composites via three synthesis methods (sol-precipitation, sonochemical method, hydrothermal method) starting with the same precursors and media. To evaluate and compare the physical properties of the prepared materials, X-ray diffraction analysis, BET measurements, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron microscopy (TEM, HRTEM, SAED) were applied. The results showed changes to the TiO₂ phase composition and crystallinity, the specific surface area as well as the platinum’s particle shape and size, depending on the method of synthesis. To determine the photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared materials, the photocatalytic discoloration of the methylene blue solution was evaluated using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The important properties required for a high photocatalytic activity, related to the surface characteristics and the phase composition, were determined in terms of the synthesis method. It was concluded that the optimum characteristics were obtained when using the hydrothermal approach, where the TiO₂ had two phases, i.e., – anatase and rutile, a Pt-phase in the form of nanoparticles and adsorbed Pt-molecular species, as well as the presence of available free surface hydroxyl groups. Such characteristics had a critical influence on the photocatalytic activity of the final material.     

负载型二氧化钛光催化材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以球形氧化铝为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍涂覆过程制备了负载型二氧化钛光催化材料。以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段对所合成的样品形貌及晶型进行了表征。结果表明,氧化铝载体经负载二氧化钛后,在球形氧化铝表面沉积了一层粒径为10~20nm的锐钛型二氧化钛纳米颗粒。通过能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)对氧化铝载体和所合成的样品进行进一步分析,表明样品中明显存在Ti元素。另外,提高氧化铝载体在二氧化钛溶胶中的浸渍次数能够有效提高二氧化钛的负载量。当浸渍次数增加到5次时,Ti元素的含量由3.8Wt.%提高至15.7Wt.%。另外,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,详细研究了不同浸渍次数获得的负载型二氧化钛催化材料的催化性能。结果表明:随着浸渍次数的增加,负载型二氧化钛催化材料的表面形貌不仅得到明显改善,而且显著提高了样品的光催化活性。当浸渍次数由1次提高至4次时,亚甲基蓝的降解率由40%上升至83.1%。然而,当二氧化钛负载量达到一定程度时,由于不断浸渍导致下层的二氧化钛受光照机会和光照强度减弱,导致其光催化活性提高缓慢。当浸渍次数提高至5次时,亚甲基蓝降解率仅为85.6%。所制备的负载型二氧化钛光催化材料重复使用5次,其光催化活性保持相对稳定。     

Pt/TiO_2复合纳米结构形貌控制及光催化动力学

制备了3种不同形貌的Ti O2结构:纳米杯、(001)纳米片、(100)纳米片,并进一步与Pt纳米粒子复合以去除污水中的有机染料。透射电镜结果证实了3种Ti O2纳米结构的形成,观察到了附着其上的Pt纳米粒子。使用XRD确定了3种Ti O2纳米结构均为锐钛矿相。以罗丹明B作为有机染料,检测了不同形貌Ti O2及其Pt复合物的光催化性能。结果表明:纳米杯状的Pt/Ti O2在罗丹明B溶液中表现出最高降解率,在1.5 h内降解率可达99.1%。同时讨论了Ti O2及其复合物的光降解机理。     

TiO2对牛血清白蛋白的光催化降解的研究

报道了TiO2对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的光催化降解。利用紫外-可见光谱（UV—Vis）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）以及高效液相色谱（HPLC）研究了降解过程并对降解终产物进行了分析。结果显示：在近紫外灯（365nm）照射下,BSA在5h内就可以被TiO2光催化完全降解为小碎片,延长反应时间到40h可使BSA完全矿化（93．5％）,其中C,N和S分别被矿化成CO2,NO3^-和SO4^2-而在仅有紫外灯或仅有TiO2存在的条件下,5h内仅有30％左右BSA被降解为小碎片,即使延长反应时间,也无法使BSA矿化成CO2和无机离子。     

TiO_2与金属氧化物复合气凝胶能带结构和光催化性质的研究

本文采用溶胶法制备TiO_2以及PdO、NiO、SnO_2和SiO_2分别与TiO_2复合的溶胶,利用浸渍提拉法制备TiO_2、PdO/TiO_2、SnO_2/TiO_2、NiO/TiO_2和SnO_2/SiO_2/TiO_2复合气凝胶,并通过薄膜对亚甲基蓝的光降解效率研究添加不同能带结构类型的金属氧化物(MO_x)对TiO_2光催化性能的影响,探索金属氧化物与TiO_2的能带结构.实验结果表明:TiO_2复合气凝胶中金属氧化物的价带和导带电位都应高于TiO_2的价带和导带电位,使TiO_2的价带电子易被激发迁移到金属氧化物的导带上,空穴则留在TiO_2的价带上,这样的能带结构匹配才能够实现电子和空穴的更有效分离,降低复合几率,从而能够较大程度地提高复合气凝胶的光催化效率.     

纳米复合材料TiO2-ZrO2光催化降解可溶性染料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法将光催化剂TiO2和ZrO2复合,再经700℃灼烧5h后获得了纳米复合光催化材料TiO2-ZrO2.该材料经XRD检测具有光催化活性良好的晶型结构.TEM测定结果显示产物的平均粒径约为20nm.通过对可溶性染料刚果红等的光催化降解实验证明,该复合材料具有较高的光催化活性.     

Photocatalytic property of colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by sparking process

Titanium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by sparking off two titanium tips into water for 1–5 h. The nanoparticle-dispersed water was obtained for further characterization. The transmission electron microscopy result shows that the particle size is in the range of 1–5 nm. The electron diffraction patterns and Raman spectra reveal that the as-prepared and the annealed samples at 250 °C are the anatase phase. However, the anatase–rutile phase transformation was observed from the samples at annealing temperature as low as 500 °C. The result of methylene blue-decoloration testing under sunbath suggests that the NPs have good photocatalytic property.     

Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance of Rb+-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts

ABSTRACT

Rb⁺-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with higher photocatalytic activity were prepared by sol–gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), and surface area (BET) measurements. The photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was evaluated. The effects of calcination temperature, Rb⁺-doping amount, and the dosage of catalyst in the reaction liquid were investigated. The results showed that Rb⁺ doping can inhibit phase transformation from anatase to rutile, increase surface area of TiO₂ crystals, and reduce crystallite size. TiO₂ doped with 1% Rb⁺ and calcined at 650°C shows much higher photoactivity than the others when the doping level of Rb⁺ and calcination temperature are 0–5% and 350–850°C, respectively. The kinetics of the degradation of RhB was also analyzed. The kinetics of this reaction fits the pseudo first-order kinetics model well, and the reaction rate constants for pure TiO₂ and Rb1-650 are 0.086 min^?1 and 0.226 min^?1 respectively. Doping with Rb⁺ improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ significantly.     

二氧化钛薄膜的结构和光催化活性关系

用化学气相沉积法合成了具有不同晶体结构的二氧化钛薄膜，研究了二氧化钛薄膜的结构和光催化活性的关系．用XRD、AFM研究了薄膜的晶体组成和形貌，用亚硝酸根研究了薄膜的光催化活性．结果表明在制备温度低于573 K或高于773 K时，薄膜的结构分别为锐钛矿型或金红石型．而在上述温度之间生成的薄膜具有混合的晶型结构，特别是在623 K附近，制备的薄膜具有最高的光催化活性．进一步研究表明，当金红石与锐钛矿微晶体的比例在0.5?0.7时，催化剂薄膜具有高活性．     

PbSe/TiO2同轴异质结纳米管的制备及光催化性能

通过溶液法合成了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管,并对其进行了微观形貌、晶体结构等的表征。结果表明,制得的样品是由PbSe和TiO2两种材料构成的复合材料,致密、均匀的TiO2薄膜包覆在PbSe纳米管表面。以氙灯为模拟光源,通过对甲基橙的降解研究了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管的光催化性能。结果显示,PbSe与TiO2之间形成的异质结使PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管具有较高的光催化性能,比纯PbSe纳米管的催化降解率提高了约4.5倍。另外,对PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管光催化稳定性也进行了研究。     

Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes using Zn-doped and undoped TiO2 nanoparticles

Undoped and Zn-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol gel method. The dopant (Zn) was taken at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mol%. The initial precursors were titanium tetraisopropoxide and zinc acetate. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanoparticles was studied by observing their role in degradation of two azo dyes, i.e., Eriochrome Black T and Methyl Red under UV–visible light. The results revealed that Zn-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited better degradation as compared to undoped TiO₂ nanoparticles. In this study, 0.7 mol% Zn-doped TiO₂ showed highest photocatalytic activity. Doping of Zn allowed better separation of electron–hole pairs which results in increased oxidation and reduction reactions.     

二氧化钛多孔膜的UV-Vis光谱与光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯(Ti(OBu)4)、乙醇胺(MEA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和无水乙醇为反应体系,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2溶胶并通过浸渍提拉法制得了TiO2多孔膜,用UV-Vis,XRD和AFM对制得的多孔膜进行了表征,讨论了薄膜的紫外-可见透过光谱随着薄膜层数的变化规律以及其与膜厚的关系,结果表明在本实验条件下薄膜转移得很均匀,每层膜厚度约为60nm。多孔膜的光催化测试结果表明,随着薄膜层数的增加,光催化活性也逐渐增强,10层多孔膜的光催化活性最高。     

Sb掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂的晶体结构与光催化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法将纳米TiO2:Sb薄膜沉积在玻璃基板上．通过XRD、Raman光谱研究了Sb掺杂量对薄膜的晶体结构和晶相转变的影响．结果表明:纯TiO2薄膜中,TiO2不仅以无定型态存在,而且还以板钛矿和锐钛矿的形式存在．掺入适量的Sb后,由于Sb替代了TiO2的部分Ti形成Sb-O-Ti结构,改变了TiO2的晶格结构,改善了薄膜的结晶效率,使锐钛矿结构的TiO2:Sb含量明显提高．掺杂0．2％Sb时,薄膜的结晶效率最高．254 nm光源照射时,掺杂0．2％Sb的电极的阳极光电流密度可达42．49μA／cm2,是用同种方法制备的纯TiO2薄膜电极的近11倍;对亚甲基蓝具有最高分解性能,其一级反应速率常数为0．171 h／cm2,是未掺杂的纯TiO2薄膜的近2倍．     

Photocatalytic activity enhancement of Dy-doped TiO2 nanoparticles hybrid with TiO2 (B) nanobelts under UV and fluorescence irradiation

The main drawbacks of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles for being used as a photocatalyst are due to the rapid charge recombination of the electron-hole pairs and the wide band gap energy, limiting its photocatalysis application. To enhance photocatalytic activity, structure modification was performed here. Heterogeneous nanostructure of Dy-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles hybrid with Monoclinic TiO₂ nanobelts (Dy/TNBs) was fabricated via hydrothermal method. Annealing temperature was varied to investigate its effect on phase composition and morphology of the as-prepared TiO₂ catalyst. Phase composition and morphology were studied by XRD and SEM, respectively. The effect of amount of catalyst loaded on the degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution under UV and fluorescence illumination was investigated. The results showed that pure monoclinic TiO₂ nanobelts (TNBs) was achieved at 450 °C. Enhanced photocatalytic activity under both UV and fluorescence irradiation was found on Dy/TNB samples. The optimum Dy dosage providing the highest MB degradation rates under both irradiation sources was 0.1 mol%.     

Photocatalytic activity of nanostructured TiO2 films produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition

The photocatalytic activity of thin, nanostructured films of titanium dioxide, synthesized by supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD) from the gas phase, has been investigated employing the photodegradation of salicylic acid as test reaction. Because of the low deposition energy, the so-deposited highly porous TiO₂ films are composed of nanoparticles maintaining their original properties in the film, which can be fully controlled by tuning the deposition and post-deposition treatment conditions. A systematic investigation on the evolution of light absorption properties and photoactivity of the films in relation to their morphology, determined by AFM analysis, and phase composition, determined by Raman spectroscopy, has been performed. The absorption and photocatalytic activity of the nanostructured films in the visible region could be enhanced either through post-deposition annealing treatment in ammonia containing atmosphere or employing mild oxidation conditions, followed by annealing in N₂ at 600 °C.     

Inactivation of Pathogenic Microorganisms in the Photocatalytic Process on Nanosized TiO2 Crystals

The kinetics of the photocatalytic oxidation of E. coli gram-negative bacteria and the basic components of the cell wall membrane (LPS, PE, and PGN) on a porous film composed of TiO₂ nanoparticles was studied using frustrated total internal reflection FTIR spectroscopy. Structural changes in the cell wall membrane at the initial stage of cell oxidation were revealed. It was demonstrated that the cell’s organic material is photocatalytically oxidized in such a manner that the TiO₂ surface is cleaned. Laser photolysis experiments demonstrated that the organic material of the cell wall membrane reduces holes in the valence band of TiO₂.     

TiO2薄膜光学性质的研究

以磁控溅射制备的TiO2薄膜为样品,通过对薄膜折射率、吸收系数、膜厚度与入射光波长相互关系的分析。获得了TiO2薄膜的折射率、吸收系数与入射光波长的关系式。以及TiO2薄膜厚度的计算公式．