反相高效液相色谱法同时测定墨旱莲中的蟛蜞菊内酯和异去甲基蟛蜞菊内酯

建立了同时测定墨旱莲中香豆草醚类成分蟛蜞菊内酯和异去甲基蟛蜞菊内酯含量的高效液相色谱法。采用Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.5%醋酸水溶液(体积比为55∶45),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为351 nm,柱温为30 ℃,进样量为20 μL。在上述条件下测得的异去甲基蟛蜞菊内酯和蟛蜞菊内酯的质量浓度分别在1.6~32.0 mg/L和5.6~112.0 mg/L时与色谱峰面积之间的线性关系良好,二者高、中、低浓度条件下的平均加标回收率分别为97.5%～ 98.2%和99.0%～ 100.2%。该方法简便、快速、准确,可作为墨旱莲质量控制的一个有效方法。     

气相色谱法测定甲磺酸胺银杏内酯B中的大孔树脂有机溶剂残留

建立了气相色谱法测定甲磺酸胺银杏内酯 B 中正己烷、苯、甲苯、萘等大孔树脂有机溶剂残留量的方法.以正庚烷为内标,样品经溶解直接进样测定,色谱柱为DB-1 毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25 μm).在一定浓度范围内,有机溶剂浓度与其色谱峰面积与正庚烷色谱峰面积之比呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r>0.999.有机溶剂...     

青蒿内酯的结构

从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)中除了分得抗疟有效成分——青蒿素外,还分得多种倍半萜化合物如青蒿甲素、青蒿丙素、青蒿酸、青蒿醇、青蒿酸甲酯、青蒿内酯V、青蒿内酯VI.我们从青蒿乙醇提取物的石油醚溶解部位,经硅胶柱层析,首次从天然界中分得一个微量倍半萜内酯——青蒿内酯(artemisilactone).该化合物曾在青蒿酸结构测定时,由青蒿酸经过氧化氢氧化制得,但结构及立体结构未阐明,本文报道其立体结构的测定.     

原油中双环倍半萜指纹的内标法分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,建立了原油中双环倍半萜化合物内标法半定量的分析方法,确定了基于谱图特征、确认离子m/z 123、179、193、207及计算保留指数的组分定性方法,对10种双环倍半萜化合物进行了定性、定量分析.对不同地理位置海上油井平台9个原油的双环倍半萜指纹进行了分析.研究结果表明:原油中双环倍半萜化合物总含量在600～8000μg/g之间;各原油中均以4,4,8,9,9-五甲基十氢化萘(BS3)、4,4,8,9,9-五甲基十氢化萘(BS4)、C16-sesquiterpane(BS8)、8β(H)-升补身烷(BS10)化合物的含量较高,占双环倍半萜总量的60％以上;不同地理位置的原油中双环倍半萜含量的分布规律为:涠洲岛海区＞渤海海区＞进口原油G1、G2;国外原油G3的双环倍半萜含量与渤海原油B3的含量相当,但分布形式不同.同一区块不同采油平台原油中的双环倍半萜指纹非常相似,不同来源的原油中双环倍半萜化合物的分布特征及含量有很大的差异.通过此方法可以实现不同来源原油的准确鉴别.     

QuEChERS/气相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中10种N-亚硝胺类化合物

建立了QuEChERS/气相色谱－串联质谱快速测定化妆品中N-亚硝基二甲胺等10种N-亚硝胺类化合物含量的分析方法。采用QuEChERS法前处理,样品经乙腈提取后,使用EMR－Lipid dSPE增强型脂质去除净化管净化,以聚乙二醇石英毛细管柱HP－INNOWAX（30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm）分离,在多反应监测模式下分析,外标法定量。结果表明,10种亚硝胺在0.5～50 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好（r ＞ 0.999）,检出限和定量下限分别为1 μg/kg和3 μg/kg。水、乳、膏霜、油、粉5种不同化妆品基质在5、50、200 μg/kg加标水平下的平均回收率为80.5%～143%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于11%（n = 6）。该方法前处理操作简便、快速,专属性强,灵敏度高,精密度、准确度均较好,可用于化妆品中10种亚硝胺含量的快速测定。     

加速溶剂萃取/HPLC-MS对毛冬青药材中Ilexgenin A与Ilexsaponin A1含量的测定

建立了加速溶剂萃取/高效液相色谱-质谱法(ASE/HPLC-MS)测定毛冬青药材中活性成分ilexgenin A和ilexsaponin A1含量的方法.采用ASE萃取毛冬青药材中的活性成分ilexgenin A和ilexsaponin A1,萃取溶剂为甲醇,萃取温度100 ℃,压力1.0×107 Pa,静态萃取模式,循环3次,每次萃取10 min.采用HPLC-MS对萃取液中ilexgenin A和ilexsaponin A1进行定量分析,色谱柱选用Dikma Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,大气压化学电离源(APCI),定量离子m/z 485.ilexgenin A和ilexsaponin A1的线性范围为1.0 ～200.0 mg/L,对毛冬青试样的定量下限分别为19.5和35.0 μg/g,RSD分别为6.7%和7.8%,回收率分别为87% ～96%和93% ～102%.将建立的方法用于分析11个不同产地的毛冬青药材,ilexgenin A含量为0.42 ～6.3 mg/g,ilexsaponin A1含量为0.80 ～8.9 mg/g.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定银杏酮酯软胶囊中萜类内酯的含量

建立银杏酮酯软胶囊中萜类内酯含量的测定方法。采用HPLC—ELSD法,色谱条件为Diamonsil C18柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,正丙醇-四氢呋喃-水（体积比l：25：74）为流动相,ELSD漂移管温度107％2,空气流速3．0L／rain。银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C、白果内酯分别在4．0088-20．0440,3．9284-19．6420,3．8348～19．1740,3．7888～30.3104gg范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0．9992,0．9999,0．9995,0．9998,回收率分别为98．48％,97．62％,97．54％,97．24％,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0．99％,1．13％,1．17％,0．83％（n=5）。该方法准确可靠,可用于银杏酮酯软胶囊的质量控制。     

微管液相色谱法同时测定白术中的白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ和苍术酮

采用微管液相色谱法同时测定白术中的白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ和苍术酮。采用美国Micro-tech Ultra plusⅡTM微管柱通用型二元梯度高效液相色谱仪和Microsil C18微管色谱柱(150 mm×1.0 mm),以甲醇-乙腈-水(A相体积比为90∶5∶5;B相体积比为55∶5∶40)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速50 μL/min,在220 nm波长下检测。在上述色谱条件下,3种组分分离良好,在相应的进样质量范围内具有良好的线性关系。白术内酯Ⅲ、Ⅰ和苍术酮的加标回收率分别为96.86%,97.13%和98.06%;相对标准偏差分别为1.63%,1.31%和0.39%。该法简便、快捷,能够用于白术的质量控制。     

气相色谱-氮磷检测法测定贝类产品中残留的三唑磷

建立了气相色谱-氮磷检测器测定贝类产品中三唑磷残留量的方法。采用HP-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离。采用二氯甲烷提取、正己烷去脂和反萃取的方法处理样品。方法的线性范围为0.05~10 μg/L,检测限为10 μg/kg,回收率高于80%,相对标准偏差低于10%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的三嗪类化合物

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)测定地表水中三嗪类化合物的方法。考察了4种不同固相萃取柱对三嗪类化合物的吸附效果,最终选择ENVI-18固相萃取柱用于萃取地表水中的三嗪类化合物;系统研究了环境水样中三嗪类化合物的最佳固相萃取条件,选择洗脱溶剂为甲醇,洗脱溶剂用量5 mL,水样在萃取前不需要添加甲醇,不调节pH值。测定了方法的检测限,结果表明,扑草净、莠去津、西玛津、脱乙基莠去津、羟基化莠去津和脱异丙基莠去津的最低检测限依次为0.14 μg/L,0.12 μg/L,0.08 μg/L,0.08 μg/L,0.10 μg/L和0.18 μg/L。将该法应用于实际环境水样的分析测定,结果表明某湖水中扑草净的含量为（9.33±0.27） μg/L,某江水中莠去津和扑草净的含量分别为（5.28±0.43） μg/L和（7.12±0.54） μg/L。     

Simultaneous determination of seven major isosteroidal alkaloids in bulbs of Fritillaria by gas chromatography

The present paper describes the development of a most simple, sensitive, and specific gas chromatographic method to date, for the direct determination of seven major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids, namely ebeiedine, ebeiedinone, ebeienine, hupehenine, isoverticine, verticine, verticinone and imperialine, in Fritillaria species, a commonly used antitussive traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb. In the present study, a commercially available Supelco SAC-5 capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 microm) specifically designed for the analysis of steroids was utilized for the direct determination of Fritillaria alkaloids. Calibration curves were obtained by spiking authentic compounds and the internal standard (solanidine) into herbal samples prior to extraction. Extraction was conducted simply by shaking the pre-alkalized diethyl ether solution (5.0 ml) containing dried herb (0.1 g) for 2 h. All calibration curves showed good linear regressions (r2>0.995) within test ranges. The assay was reproducible and accurate with the overall intra- and inter-day variation and accuracy of less than 10% and more than 90%, respectively. The developed GC method was successfully utilized to analyze seven major bioactive alkaloids in seven Fritillaria species, and the results demonstrate that this direct GC analytical method is suitable for the quality control of this commonly used antitussive TCM herb.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中的邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了土壤中6种邻苯二甲酸酯的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。土壤样品用超声提取,以二氯甲烷-丙酮(1:1, v/v)混合溶液为提取溶剂,提取液经Florisil小柱净化后,经HP-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离,利用MS/MS的多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性和定量。结果表明本方法可对样品中的邻苯二甲酸酯进行分析,在10～1000 μg/L质量浓度范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9973～0.9976;6种邻苯二甲酸酯的相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于14.3%, 2 μg/kg和10 μg/kg两个加标水平的回收率为72.9%～106.2%; 6种目标化合物的检出限为0.1～0.5 μg/kg。该方法快速准确、背景干扰较少、分析灵敏度较高,适用于土壤样品中邻苯二甲酸酯的分析。     

气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测法分析烷基化物料中的C4氟代烃

以实验室合成的氟代叔丁烷、氟代仲丁烷、氟代正丁烷为参考,建立了烷基化物料中C4氟代烃的气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测(GC/FID)分析方法。提出了利用气相色谱/原子发射光谱(GC/AED)按元素响应的特点求算C4氟代烃在GC/FID上相对校正因子的方法。方法采用OV-225(50 m×0.25 mm i.d.×0.25 μm)和SE-54(44 m×0.22 mm i.d.×0.25 μm)串联柱为分析柱,FID为检测器,校正归一化或间接外标方法进行定量,具有重复性好、应用移植便利、操作简单等特点,对氟代叔     

Simultaneous quantification of five major biologically active ingredients of saffron by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A simple, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-UV (HPLC-UV) method has been developed for the first time to simultaneously quantify the five major biologically active ingredients of saffron, namely crocin 1, crocin 2, crocin 3, crocin 4 and crocetin. Calibration curves were derived by spiking authentic compounds and internal standard, 13-cis-retinoic acid, into herbal samples prior to extraction. Extraction was conducted simply by stirring dried herb (20 mg) with 80% aqueous methanol (5 ml) at ambient temperature in the dark for 2 h. The HPLC assay was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with linear gradient elution using methanol and 1% aqueous acetic acid. Calibrations were linear (r2 = 0.999) for all five analytes, with overall intra- and inter-day RSDs of less than 11%. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of four crocins and crocetin in three saffron samples and two Zhizi, another crocin-containing herb. Results indicate that the developed HPLC assay can be readily utilized as a quality control method for crocin-containing medicinal herbs.     

全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法分析土壤中毒杀芬同类物的残留

建立了全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC× GC-μECD)检测土壤中毒杀芬同类物的分析方法.以非极性的DB- XLB(20 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)为第一色谱柱,中等极性的BPX-50(2 m×0.1 mm×0.1 μm)为第二色谱柱,对土壤中23种高关注毒杀芬同类物进行了分离鉴定,并采用基质曲线外标法进行定量分析.本方法在1～200,μg/L浓度范围内,毒杀芬同类物的线性相关系数(r2)均大于0.99,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.039～0.482 μg/L,基质加标毒杀芬同类物的回收率为55％～115％,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于30％(n=5).利用本方法对毒杀芬污染的土壤样品进行了测定,获得了较好的分离效果.     

鹿茸保健品中11种性激素的气相色谱-串联质谱法分析

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定鹿茸保健品中11种性激素的分析方法。鹿茸中的性激素经固相萃取富集和净化,经七氟丁酸酐衍生处理。采用DB-5色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)、非线性梯度升温程序分离,在串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,外标法定量,实现了11种性激素的有效分离。11种性激素的检出限为1.0～5.0 μg/kg,线性相关系数为0.9916～0.9999,平均回收率为67.4%～99.1%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～13%。该方法准确,可靠,可满足鹿茸保健品中性激素含量的测定和确证。     

Analytical study of comprehensive and targeted multidimensional gas chromatography incorporating modulated cryogenic trapping

This paper reports the results of an analytical study comparing capillary gas chromatography (GC) operated in the normal mode with 2 new GC techniques, comprehensive GC (GC x GC) and targeted (or selective) multidimensional GC, which use a longitudinally modulated cryogenic system (LMCS), recently developed in our laboratory. A high-temperature application of derivatized sterols, of interest in fecal pollution monitoring, was chosen for this work. A directly connected coupled-column ensemble was used, comprising a nonpolar column and a moderately polar column. With LMCS, effluent from the first column is zone-compressed in a cryogenic trap and then pulsed to a short second column, producing narrower peaks with sharp, tall peak responses at the detector. The modulator is operated at a constant frequency, e.g., 0.25 s(-1), to produce the GC x GC result, or is moved in a predefined manner so that whole peaks are selectively trapped and subsequently pulsed through to the second column in the targeted mode. Standard solutions containing a mixture of 7 sterols and 5-alpha-cholestane internal standard were used. Detection sensitivity is increased by a factor of >25 with the use of LMCS. The estimated limit of detection was about 0.1 microg/mL when normal GC with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and a 1.0 microL splitless injection volume were used, compared with 0.02 and 0.004 microg/mL for the LMCS operated in GC x GC and selective modes, respectively. Calibration curves for GC/FID were linear over the 0.1-2.0 microg/mL range tested. Reproducibilities for the GC x GC and normal GC modes were comparable; generally, relative standard deviations (RSD) were on the order of 3-4%, based on raw peak responses. Improved reproducibility was found for selective LMCS operation, at an RSD of around 2%; with internal standardization, better results were achieved. The coupled-column arrangement allowed complete separation of sterol peaks from overlapping impurity peaks in a number of instances with LMCS modes, and its use should improve data quality over that of normal GC operation, in which the overlapping peaks interfere with measurement of peak response in the normal mode.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的高温气相色谱法分析

 采用 SE-3 0键合甲基硅酮固定相涂铝石英高温毛细管色谱柱、程序升温、FID检测 ,较好地分离了各种合成及天然脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 (AEO)样品中的各组分 ;使用 GC-MS进行了样品中组分的定性 ,并经试验研究采用峰面积归一法进行了组分的定量 ,成功地测定了各种 AEO样品中游离脂肪醇质量分数及聚氧乙烯醚的环氧乙烷 (EO)加成数分布。方法简便、快速 ,有较好的准确度和精密度。     

Development of a rapid screening technique for organochlorine pesticides using solvent microextraction (SME) and fast gas chromatography (GC)

A novel, fast screening method for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water samples has been developed. Total analysis time was less than 9 min, allowing 11 samples to be screened per hour. The relatively new technique of solvent microextraction (SME) was used to extract and preconcentrate the pesticides into a single drop of hexane. The use of a conventional carbon dioxide cryotrap was investigated for introduction of the extract onto a micro-bore (0.1 mm) capillary column for fast GC analysis. A pulsed-discharge electron capture detector was used which yielded selective and sensitive measurement of the pesticide peaks. Fast GC conditions were optimised and tested with the previously developed SME procedure. Calibration curves yielded good linearity and concentrations down to 0.25 ng mL-1 were detectable with RSD values ranging from 12.0 to 28% and LOD for most OCPs at 0.25 ng mL-1. Spiked river water samples were tested and using the developed screen we were able to differentiate between spiked samples and samples containing no OCPs.     

Evaluation of low-pressure gas chromatography linked to ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry for the fast trace analysis of multiclass pesticide residues

A rapid multiresidue method for the analysis of 72 pesticides has been developed using a single injection with low-pressure gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC/MS/MS). The LP-GC/MS/MS method used a short capillary column of 10 m x 0.53 mm i.d. x 0.25 microm film thickness coupled with a 0.6 m x 0.10 mm i.d. restriction at the inlet end. Optimal LP-GC conditions were determined which achieved the fastest separation in MS/MS detection mode. Also MS/MS conditions were optimized in order to increase sensitivity and selectivity. The analytical parameters of the LP-GC/MS/MS method were compared with those obtained by GC/MS/MS using a conventional capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 microm film thickness). Better precision and sensitivity values were obtained with the LP-GC/MS/MS approach. The limits of detection (LOD) of the compounds ranged from 0.1 to 14.1 microg L(-1) for LP-GC/MS/MS, lower than those obtained for conventional GC/MS/MS that ranged from 0.1 to 17.5 microg L(-1). The peak widths obtained with the short column in LP-GC are similar to those obtained using conventional capillary GC columns, and the peaks can be successfully identified by MS/MS detection with the conventional scan speed of ion-trap instruments. In addition, the analysis time was significantly reduced with LP-GC/MS/MS (32 min) versus GC/MS/MS (72 min), allowing the number of samples analyzed per day in a routine laboratory to be doubled.