锯齿型通道湍流流动和换热的自维持振荡

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对锯齿形通道内流动和换热进行了数值模拟。对以时均方程法模拟得到的流场、温度场以及U-V相图、Nu-θ相图进行了分析。研究表明,在本文计算的Re范围内,数值计算结果仍能反映出周期性通道内流动和换热的自维持振荡特性,无量纲速度U,通道平均Nu数随时间作周期性振荡,并且振荡幅度、频率随Re数的增大而增大。     

2D拟流线型翅片强化通道内换热数值模拟

对一种拟流线型场协同式翅片周期性强化换热通道进行了数值模拟研究.考察了Re数范围为100～700时,通道不同高度及折流翅片距通道壁面不同距离时的换热特性.计算结果表明,速度场和温度梯度场的协同度对对流换热起着重要作用,而折流翅片的存在有效地改善了速度场和温度梯度场的协同性.翅片与壁面之间距离的增大及通道高度的减小均不利于换热强化.在相同泵功的评判准则下,强化效果随Re数的增大而愈加显著.     

非稳态横掠管束周期性充分发展对流换热的数值模拟

本文采用非稳态数学模型对横掠管束的周期性充分发展流动与换热进行了数值模拟。结果显示,在所考虑的参数条件下,Re≥100以后流场和温度场随时间发生振荡,并且振幅随Re增加而增大;进一步增加Re到一定值后,在管束间会有交替出现的涡。计算得到的平均Nusselt数与现有文献中的实验关联式基本是吻合的。平均Nusselt数的计算值随流动方向管间距的增加而增加。     

强化换热通道中扰流元场协同优化研究

对一种场协同式周期性强化换热通道进行了数值模拟研究,考察了折流翅片不同角度、不同间距对通道换热特性的影响。计算结果表明,翅片倾角增大或间距缩小均有利于换热强化。强化效果随Re数的增大而愈加显著。     

周期性锯齿型通道内流动和换热研究

用非稳态层流模型对锯齿型通道内周期性充分发展流动与换热进行了数值模拟．Re=600时数值结果已发生明显振荡,而从入口段算起的第9、10个几何周期的平均Nu数与用周期性充分发展条件计算得到的平均Nu数吻合良好;在此基础上,计算通道周期长度L与通道垂直高度b的比值及通道倾角α等几何结构尺寸对周期性充分发展流动和换热的影响,计算结果表明,增大α和减小L／b都易促使流动产生涡旋,从而增强换热．     

锯齿型通道流动与换热的自维持振荡实验研究

本文对锯齿型通道内流动与换热的自维持振荡特性进行了实验研究。从可视化实验中观察到,Re300时,流场随时间几乎没有明显的变化;Re300,流动出现了明显的回流现象,且随着Re数增大,回流形成的涡增大,流动产生的涡的位置随时间呈有规律的周期性变化;在恒热流边界条件下,通道上、下壁面温度沿流动方向的变化与数值模拟所得到的Nu数、壁温的变化规律一致。     

恒热流锯齿型通道流动和换热的非稳态特性

本文对恒热流边界条件下锯齿型通道内流动与换热的非稳态特性进行了数值模拟.在本文计算的Re范围内,流动和换热随时间发生振荡,且U-V和Nu-θ相图表明,振荡是周期性的;在入口段后,发生振荡的各几何周期的流场、温度场随时间变化的规律基本相同,不同周期对应点的U、θ相同,只是在时间上不完全同步,U-V和Nu-θ相图上的曲线重合良好,因此仍具有周期性充分发展的特性.     

肋片间距对环形通道流动和换热的影响

本文用稳态层流模型对几种具有不同肋片间距的环型通道内的流动和换热进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明:长直肋片截断后,流动和换热沿长度方向具有周期性的入口段效应,从而增强了换热.与长直肋片通道相比,βL=13/7时,换热增强了27%,而阻力仅增加6.8%.对于带肋环形通道,Re数增大,换热增强.     

几何因子对波纹通道内稳态流动与换热的影响

采用曲线坐标系下压力与速度耦合SIMPLER算法,数值研究了一种波纹通道内周期性充分发展的稳态层流流动与换热情况,流动Re数的范围为20～500,Pr数为0.7.计算考察了不同Re数、纵宽比γ及纵横比∮对换热与阻力的影响.计算结果表明,Re数、纵宽比γ及纵横比∮较小时流体不出现任何回流;整体Nu数及fRe数随着Re数,纵宽比γ及纵横比∮的增加而增加,换热增强,但同时流动阻力增加.其计算结果可为波纹通道的设计提供参考依据.     

锯齿型通道流动和换热的周期性研究

本文对锯齿型通道内流动与换热的周期性进行了数值模拟.在Re=550～700范围内,入口段后的各几何周期的平均Nu数已随时间发生振荡,且随Re数增大,振荡起始位置朝入口方向移动;发生振荡的各几何周期的流场、无量纲温度场虽然在同一时刻不尽相同,但在不同的时刻可以找到近乎相同的流场和温度场,而且各几何周期平均Ⅳu数其振荡幅度基本相同,对时间求平均值后也基本相同,因此仍具有周期性充分发展的一些特性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.