A theoretical study of hydrothermal stability of P-modified ZSM-5 zeolites

Density functional theory was employed to study the hydrothermal stability of P-modified ZSM-5 zeolites using cluster models. The calculations of hydrolysis energies indicated that the introduction of phos-phorus increases the hydrothermal stability of ZSM-5 zeolites. The initial paths of dealumination were studied with explicit water molecules. It was found that the framework Al—O coordination bond can be replaced by coodination bonds between water molecules and the aluminium. One to three water molecules ...     

Thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the alkali-treated HZSM-5 zeolites

HZSM-5 zeolites with the micro-mesopore hierarchical porosity have been prepared by the post-synthesis of alkali-treatment, and their thermal and hydrothermal stabilities were studied using DTA, XRD, and NH3-TPD characterization techniques. Compared to the unmodified zeolite, the thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the alkali-treated ZSM-5 zeolites were slightly deteriorated because of the introduction of mesopores caused by the desilication. Nevertheless, the alkali-treated zeolite framework could be maintained until the temperature increased to 1175 ℃.     

Influence of hydrothermal treatment parameters on the phase composition of zeolites

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This tissue developed the new environmental protection chemical composite inhibitor (CCI) for the effective inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion....     

Effect of hydrothermal treatment on catalytic properties of superhigh-silica zeolites

The effect of hydrothermal treatment of decationized superhigh-silica zeolite on the mechanism of n-hexane conversion has been studied. It has been established that thermosteam modification sharply decreases the cracking activity and increases the selectivity to aromatization reactions. Zeolite acidity markedly decreases, but its crystal structure does not become amorphous.

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金属负载型分子筛催化剂在NH3-SCR反应中水热稳定性的研究进展

NO_x控制是目前大气污染控制领域的重要研究内容，NH₃选择性催化还原技术（NH₃-SCR）是消除NO_x最有效的技术之一，其核心是高性能催化剂的开发。本研究综述了金属负载型分子筛催化剂（Cu基和Fe基分子筛催化剂）的NH₃-SCR活性、水热稳定性以及水热老化失活机制，并对影响催化剂水热稳定性的因素（包括Si/Al比、分子筛拓扑结构、活性金属负载量、粒径和合成方法等）进行了系统阐述，总结了一些有效提高催化剂水热稳定性的改性方法，比如磷改性、第二活性金属改性、碱金属改性和外表面改性等。最后，对进一步提高金属负载型分子筛催化剂在NH₃-SCR反应中的水热稳定性进行了展望。     

Structural phase stability of Se clusters in zeolites

The effect of confinement on the structural phase of Se clusters in zeolites (LTA and FAU) has been studied in the temperature range of 300 ～ 550K by Raman scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. It has been found in Raman spectra that the structural unit and phase stability of Se clusters are greatly affected by the geometrical restriction in the zeolites. No clear phase transformation was observed by DSC measurements for Se clusters in LTA zeolites, while Se clusters in FAU zeolites exhibit a distinct endothermic peak which is ascribed to a glass transition. The glass transition temperature of amorphous Se (320 K) is remarkably elevated when Se rings/chains are incorporated in FAU zeolites; the higher glass transition temperature for the smaller window diameter of zeolites. We have also found that the activation energy for the glass transition is decreased drastically in the zeolites; the smaller activation energy for the smaller window size. The observations imply that the kinetics of the structural relaxation at the glass transition of Se is significantly influenced by the absence of inter-cluster interaction and that the thermokinetic dimension becomes lower owing to the geometrical restriction in the zeolites.     

固体核磁共振研究分子筛的新进展

分子筛由于具有独特的孔道及可调控酸碱性等特征,被作为离子交换剂、吸附剂及催化剂而广泛应用于石油化工的各种催化过程中。固体核磁共振是研究分子筛结构、酸性及主客体相互作用的强有力谱学手段之一。简单概述了固体核磁共振研究分子筛的最近进展。     

Recent advance in synthesis and application of heteroatom zeolites

Incorporation of heteroatoms into the framewo rk of zeolites has become a significant strategy to improve their performance in catalysis and adsorption,because the obtained heteroatom zeolites exhibit quite different properties from the conventional aluminosilicate zeolites in aspects of surface acidity,pore structures,particle size and so on.In this review,the progress on the heteroatom zeolites including their synthesis and application is highlighted.First,the recent advance on the design and synthesis of different heteroatom zeolites is summarized.Special emphasis is placed on the introduction and comparison of three typical methods,including the direct synthesis,post synthesis and improved direct synthesis,for the traditional heteroatom zeolites(such as TS-1,Sn-MFI,Sn-β) and newly-reported heteroatom zeolites(such as W-MFI,Mo-MFI).According to their intrinsic characteristics,the application of heteroatom zeolites in diverse fields,such as production of fine chemicals,air pollution control and biomass conversion is then discussed.Finally,the challenges and perspective on the future development of heteroatom zeolites in low-cost preparation and practical application are proposed.     

Improvement of the hydrothermal stability of SAPO-34

Hydrothermal stability of SAPO-34 is greatly improved by the treatment of the acidic form of the SAPO-34 with NH3.     

动力学拆分法的研究进展

综述了光活性化合物动力学拆分法的研究进展及其在不对称合成中的应用。     

Study of the stability of zeolites Na-A and Na-X in mother liquors

It was shown that Na zeolites of A and X types are unstable under the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis and are easily recrystallized to form other zeolites with more compact crystal structures and higher Si/Al ratios. Zeolite X is recrystallized to phillipsite (zeolite P), and zeolite A is recrystallized to phillipsite from gels with the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio equal to 2 and to socialite from gels with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ < 2 (zeolite J). The nucleation of secondary zeolite phases occurs as the result of rearrangement and decomposition of the lattice of primary crystals.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2415–2418, October, 1996.     

Recent progress in the electrochromatography of proteins

We have constructed a column for the application of an electrical field to a flowing packed bed of Chromatographic media (electrochromatography), and we have studied the effect the electrical field on the elution of bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin A and B, α-lactalbumin, and myoglobin from packed beds of Sephadex beads. The elution behavior of the model proteins on Sephadex with a high degree of crosslinking (Sephadex G-25) and with a lower amount of crosslinking (Sephadex G-75) was measured. We confirmed that proteins exhibited an unexplained electrically driven retention on the column packed with G-75. The electrically driven retention effect was greatly reduced or absent in columns packed with the more highly crosslinked G-25. The potential of electrochromatography for high-resolution separations was shown by the partial separation of β-lactoglobulin A and B by using short columns with the electric field polarity such that electrophoresis opposed convective flow in the column. Certain commerical equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose.     

原位水热合成Ce(Ⅳ)-X分子筛及对噻吩的吸附性能

通过原位水热合成方法直接制备出不同载Ce量的Ce(Ⅳ)-X分子筛,并考察了其对模拟汽油中噻吩的吸附性能。采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)、全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、氮气吸附和NH₃程序升温热脱附(NH₃-TPD)等方法对分子筛进行表征。结果表明,合成分子筛均具备典型的X型分子筛结构,同时Ce(Ⅳ)被较好地引入到分子筛的骨架结构中;载Ce分子筛的酸性大于X分子筛,而且Ce(Ⅳ)-X分子筛的酸性随着Ce掺杂量的增加而增强。吸附实验表明,载Ce分子筛对噻吩的吸附性能明显好于X分子筛。其中,n(Ce)/n(Si)=0.05的分子筛脱硫效果最佳,饱和吸附容量达到52.541 9 mg/g。再生实验表明,加热再生的Ce(Ⅳ)-X分子筛对噻吩仍具有理想的吸附效果。n(Ce)/n(Si)=0.05的分子筛再生后饱和吸附容量为47.512 1 mg/g,约为新鲜吸附剂的90.43％。     

Recent progress in titration calorimetry

Research developments in titration calorimetry over the past ten years by personnel at the Thermochemical Institute have resulted in new techniques and instrumentation that have greatly increased the usefulness of calorimetry in the study of chemical problems. During this time, problems associated with the components of the calorimeter (i.e., constant temperature bath, constant rate buret, reaction vessel, temperature sensing circuit, and data analysis procedure) have been solved so that the continuous titration method now gives results comparable in accuracy to those obtained with conventional solution calorimeters. These developments have opened new avenues of research in the fields of biochemistry, microbiology, and environmental analysis.

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Zusammenfassung Die Fortschritte der Forschung auf dem Gebiete der Titrationskalorimetrie, welche in den vergangenen Jahren von Mitarbeitern des Thermochemischen Instituts erreicht worden sind, führten zu neuen Techniken und neuer Instrumentation, die die Einsatzfähigkeit der Kalorimetrie zur Untersuchung chemischer Probleme wesentlich erhöhten. Während dieser Zeit wurden Probleme in Zusammenhang mit den Bestandteilen des Kalorimeters (d.h. Konstanttemperaturbad, Burette mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit, Reaktionsbehälter, Temperatur, Wärmefühler-Stromkreis und Datenverarbeitungsvorgang) gelöst, so daß die kontinuierliche Titrationsmethode jetzt Ergebnisse von einer Genauigkeit liefert, welche mit der in herkömmlichen Lösungskalorimetern erhaltenen vergleichbar ist. Diese Entwicklungsarbeit eröffnet neue Wege der Forschung auf den Gebieten der Biochemie, Mikrobiologie und Umweltschutzanalyse

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Résumé Les recherches effectuées durant les dix dernières années par le personnel de l'Institut de Thermochimie ont eu pour résultat la mise au point d'appareils nouveaux qui augmentent, considérablement l'applicabilité de la calorimétrie à l'étude des problèmes chimiques. Ainsi les problèmes associés aux composants d'un calorimètre (c'est-à-dire bain à température constante, burette à vitesse constante, récipient réactionnel, circuit détecteur de température et procédés d'analyse des données) ont été résolus. C'est pourquoi la technique du titrage en continu donne maintenant des résultats d'une exactitude comparable à celle obtenue avec les calorimètres en solutions conventionnels. Ces développements ont ouvert de nouvelles perspectives de recherche dans les domaines de la biochimie, de la microbiologie et des analyses liées à la protection de l'environnement.

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Recent progress in SERS biosensing

This perspective gives an overview of recent developments in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for biosensing. We focus this review on SERS papers published in the last 10 years and to specific applications of detecting biological analytes. Both intrinsic and extrinsic SERS biosensing schemes have been employed to detect and identify small molecules, nucleic acids, lipids, peptides, and proteins, as well as for in vivo and cellular sensing. Current SERS substrate technologies along with a series of advancements in surface chemistry, sample preparation, intrinsic/extrinsic signal transduction schemes, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed. The progress covered herein shows great promise for widespread adoption of SERS biosensing.