Determination of the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides

Summary 1. The possibility has been shown of using a method proposed by us previously to determine the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides.2. The positions of the sulfate groups in the following sulfated polysaccharides have been determined: fucan and pelvecyan fromPelvetia wrightii and sargassan fromSargassum pallidum.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 573–577, September–October, 1976.     

Spectrophotometric determination of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide fromEscherichia coli 675

A method has been developed for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of the lipopolysaccharides ofE. coli 675. The maximum absorption of the lipopoly-saccharides fromE. coli 675 (259 nm) coincides with the maximum absorption (259 nm) of a number of polysaccharides from other Gram-negative bacteria, which can be used to determine lipopolysaccharides in various media.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmacy, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 599–601, September–October, 1979.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. X. Characteristics of the polysaccharides ofEremurus lactiflorus andE. luteus

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from two species ofEremurus — E. lactiflorus andE. luteus — with yields of 13.5% and 20.5%, respectively. They contained mainly glucose and mannose in ratios of 1:5 and 1:3.1. The polysaccharides ofE. lactiflorus were separated from a column of DEAE-cellulose. The yield of neutral fraction was 10.3%. Gel filtration of the polysaccharides on Sephadex G-200 showed their polydispersity. Homogeneous fractions were obtained by fractional precipitation with ethanol. They have been characterized with respect to monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and IR spectra.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 604–608, September–October, 1979.     

Steroid saponins. XIII. The structure of alliumosides D and E fromAllium narcissiflorum

Summary Two new steroid glycosides of the furostanol series have been isolated fromAllium narcissiflorum Wills., and their structures have been shown.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR, Kishinev. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 184–188, March–April, 1976.     

Synthesis ofO-methyloximes and nitrones of a series of substituted 4-[2-hydroxy-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexylidenemethyl]-benzaldehydes and their fungicidal activity

O-Methyloximes and nitrones of a series of substituted 4-[2-hydroxy-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexylidenemethyl]benzaldehydes have been synthesized, and their fungicidal activity has been assayed. All of them exhibit low fungicidal activity in thein vitro assays and high activity in thein vivo assays; theO-methyl oximes are more active than the corresponding nitrones.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2082–2087, December, 1993.     

Metallosilicates as supports of Co catalysts for the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from CO and H2

The effect of the nature of the silicate support on the activity and selectivity of 10%. Co/M silicate catalysts (where M=Cu, Zn, Ce, Ti, Hf, La, Al, Zr, Co, Mg) in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H₂ has been established. Co and Zr catalysts have been shown to provide the highest catalytic efficiency. The yield of liquid hydrocarbons in their presence exceeds 120 g m^–3.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 480–482, March, 1993.     

The total flavonoids fromThermopsis alterniflora, Th. dolichocarpa, Vexibia alopecuroides, andRhaponticum carthamoides and their hypolipidemic activity

The total flavonoids have been isolated from the epigeal part ofThermopsis alterniflora andTh. dolichocarpa, and the roots and rhizomes ofVexibia alopecuroides, andRhaponticum carthamoides the compositions of the flavonoids present in each of the total extracts have been determined. It was found that the total flavonoid extracts investigated exhibited different degrees of hypolipidemic activity in relation to normal animals and animals with experimental hyperlipidemias. The total flavonoids fromTh. alterniflora possessed the most pronounced hyperlipidemic action.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 174–177, March–April, 1999.     

Alkaloids of a new type fromSophora alopecuroides L.

Summary The structures of aloperine and allylaloperine (fromSophora alopecuroides L.) — alkaloids of a new structural type for the genusSophora — have been established by chemical and spectral methods. A number of parameters, NMR spectra, and mass spectra characterizing this class of compounds has been obtained. The partial synthesis of allylaloperine has been performed.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–37, January–February, 1975.     

Synthesis of asymmetric secondary and tertiary amines from a primary amine and alcohol over the methanol synthesis industrial catalyst SNM-1

Vapor-phase reactions ofn-pentan-1-ol with 2-ethylhexyiamine and ofn-heptan-1-ol with cyclohexylamine occurring in the presence of an industrial oxide copper-zinc-aluminum catalyst SNM-1 at 175–185°C have been found to afford the corresponding asymmetric secondary and tertiary amines in yields of 59–99 % and 5–49 %, respectively.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 799–800, April, 1993.     

Study of structure-activity relationships in a series of alkaloids ofAconitum zeravschanicum and their analogs

The toxic and antiarrhythmic activities of diterpene alkaloids fromAconitum zeravschanicum and their synthetic analogs have been investigated. It has been established that, in the series of compounds studied, activity and toxicity depend on the type of skeleton, the nature and positions of substituents, and the basicity of the nitrogen atom.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 384–387, May–June, 1996. Original article submitted February 26, 1996.     

Steroid glycosides. XIX. A chemical study of funkiosides E and G from the leaves ofFunkia ovata

Summary 1. Gitogenin, diosgenin, kogagenin, ruscogenin, and tokorogenin have been isolated for the first time fromFunkia ovata Spr.2. Structures of two new steroid glycosides — funkiosides E and G — have been determined.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR, Kishinev. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–72, January–February, 1977.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofBrassica oleracea

Lipids and polysaccharides have been obtained from the leaves ofBrassica oleracea. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the total neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The carbohydrate complex of cabbage includes water-soluble polysaccharides, low-methoxyl pectins, hemicelluloses, and free monosugars. The polypeptides have been characterized by their mannoside compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–615, September–October, 1994.     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

Equilibrium of Br− and Cl− exchange on strong-basic anion-exchanger

The equilibrium of Br^– and Cl^– exchange is studied on the strong-basic anionexchangers. Quantitative characteristics which can be used for elaboration of dual-temperature separation processes have been obtained. An empirical equation for the dehydration extent of an anion in a phase of a sorbent has been suggested, allowing one to calculate the Br^– and Cl^– exchange equilibrium constants on the anion-exchanger in a wide temperature range.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2083–2089, December, 1994.     

Carbohydrate compositions of preparations of fungal origin

The fractional composition of the polysaccharides formed by some local strains of basidial fungi (Panus tigrinus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Fomes formentarius, andPhanarechaeta chrysosporium) in a submerged medium on various plant wastes (spent cottonseed pulp and cottonplant stems) has been investigated. Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated from the products synthesized by the fungi, and their qualitative and quantitative monosaccharide compositions have been determined.Materials presented at the Second International Symposium of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds (SCNC, Eskiehir, Turkey, October 22–24, 1996).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 352–357, May–June, 1977.     

Reaction of vinyloxyalkylamines with mercaptoacetic acid

N-[2(3)-Hydroxyalkylj-4-thiazolidinones have been synthesized by the reaction of 2(3)-vinyloxyalkylamines with mercaptoacetic acid in 24–69 % yield. The structure of the compounds obtained was supported by (R and¹H NMR spectroscopic data.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 677–679, March, 1996.     

Synthesis,properties, and structures of 5-nitroalkyl-5H-(1,2,3)triazolo[4,5-c]furazans

Methods for the synthesis of the first representatives of 5-nitroalkyl-5H-(1,2,3)triazolo[4,5c]furazans have been developed, and some of their properties have been studied.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1315–1317, July, 1995.     

Sesquiterpene lactones ofFerula olgae

Summary 1. Six sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated fromFerula olgae Regel et Schmalh. Three of them have been identified with talassins A and B and 4-acetoxypruteninone, which have been described previously.2. The structure of olgoferin has been confirmed by chemical reactions, and the structures previously proposed for olgin, 4-acetoxypruteninone, and talassin B have been reconsidered.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 590–600, September–October, 1975.     

Carbonylation of acetaldehyde in the presence of transition metal compounds

The carbonylation of acetaldehyde to give butyl lactate has been carried out in the presence of rhodium and cobalt compounds atP _CO=5–9 MPa andT=383–483 K.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 570–571, March, 1995.     

Quantum-chemical calculations of O-O bond strengths in organic hydrotrioxides

The O-O bond strengths in ten organic hydrotrioxides have been calculated by semiempirical MNDO and AMI methods. The RO-OOH bond strength is independent of the nature of substituent R and is equal to 20.4±1.1 kcal mol^–1 (AM1). The influence of the inductive effect of substituent R on the value ofD(ROO-OH) has been established.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1129–1131, May, 1996.