磷与社会

磷及其重要化合物越来越受到人们的重视。因为它在肥料工业、食品工业、国防工业、汽车制造以及医药、农药、火柴、去垢剂、洗涤剂等生产方面有极其重要的用途。而且在有机体中的作用也是多种多样的,它参与许多重要的生理活动。磷化学将成为化学领域中的重要分支。     

碘小姐的旅行

将碘元素拟人化,让其以卤素家族四小姐的身份,在这美丽的世界上走一走,并拟人化讨论了碘小姐的元素分布、物理性质以及生理活性,让读者在获得知识之余还能有美的享受。     

磷砷共存时磷的快速测定

磷砷共存在某些钢材中.由于砷钼杂多酸形成条件与磷钼杂多酸形成条件相似,因此砷对磷的测定有干扰.目前采用的方法为消除砷测磷的干扰.普遍采用正丁醇-三氯甲烷萃取光度法.但萃取分离,只能解决低含量磷和砷的定量分离,不能解决高砷试样的测定.本法利用酒石酸抑制砷钼杂多酸的形成,以抗坏血酸为还原剂,磷钼蓝光度法测定,省略了分离步骤,方法简便快速,重现性和稳定性良好.     

再谈磷的同素异形体*——磷纳米材料和磷烯

依据磷化学的研究进展全面考察了磷的另一类同素异形体,包括磷纳米材料类和磷烯,它们都是结构特殊的先进材料。详细介绍了它们的制备、组成、结构、性质及其重要应用。     

磷钼蓝光度法测定锰铁中磷

氟化钠-氯化亚锡磷钼蓝光度法测定磷的应用较广泛,但显色稳定性差.利用此法测定锰铁中磷的研究很少见报道.本文在前人经验的基础上,采用磷钼蓝直接光度法,试样以硝酸溶解,高氯酸发烟,亚硫酸钠还原高价锰,酒石酸钾钠掩蔽硅,试验了在硫酸介质中,用氟化钠-氯化亚锡还原磷钼黄为磷钼蓝,实现了锰铁中磷的测定.显色稳定性较好,已适用于锰铁脱磷工艺中批量分析,结果满意.     

过氧化氢中磷的磷机钒钼黄光度法测定

应用免疫细胞化学染色技术，用抗心钠素血清对人胚胎发育不同时期的脐带血管进行免疫染色，观察结果：在第１４周时脐动静内皮细胞即显阳性反应，并随胎龄增加而略微增强，至第３２周时阳性反应明显增强达高峰，维持至出生。人脐动脉内皮细胞与人脐静脉内皮细胞之间存在明显差异。至于ＨＵＡ／ＶＥＣ及ＡＮＰ是否参与对脐血管舒缩的调节，尚有待进一步实验证实。     

磷钼蓝吸光光度法测定水样中磷

磷钼杂多蓝法系将生成黄色的磷钼杂多酸还原成磷钼杂多蓝后进行比色测定.目前常用的还原剂有氟化钠-氯化亚锡、抗坏血酸-氯化亚锡、硫酸联氨、铋盐-抗坏血酸、丙酮-氯化亚锡、碱性藏红花T、三氯化钛、亚硫酸盐-铁盐等.另外有报道应用氨基比林、头孢氨卡等作为还原剂.果糖是一种常见的水     

磷的光化学分析新方法研究

在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４－１０％乙醇介质中及紫外光照射条件下磷钼杂我酸光还原为磷钼蓝，据此建立了一个测定０．０５－２．０μｇ／ｍｌ的光化学分析新方法，并用于度样分析，探讨了光化学反应机理。     

一种分析磷及其磷化物的新方法

测定固、液相样品中磷及其化合物的新方法是将待测样品中的磷及其化合物分解并被原子氢还原为ＰＨ３，再用气相色谱仪测定。该方法不需化学预处理，快速、灵敏、可靠，测定结果与分光光度法基本一致。     

黑磷的发现及其制备和应用发展史

1914年,美国物理学家布里奇曼无意间制得了黑磷并证明了这是磷的一种新的相变体,但在很长的一段时间内并没有引起人们的关注.20世纪中期以后,黑磷的制备方法得到了一定程度的发展.至2014年,研究者成功制备了二维黑磷场效应晶体管,随后人们发现黑磷在储能设备、光电子器件、光催化、生物传感等方面都有巨大的应用潜力.随着黑磷制...     

Phosphorus isocyanates

Compounds containing the PNCO grouping can be obtained e.g. from phosphorus halides and silver cyanate or esters of N-chloroiminocarbonic acid and by thermal decomposition of alkoxycarbonylimino-phosphoranes. The phosphorus (V) isocyanates resemble the “carbon” isocyanates in their chemical properties, whereas the phosphorus (III) isocyanates resemble the phosphorus (III) chlorides. Some of the compounds discussed have insecticidal or cytostatic actions.     

美食中的磷——含磷食品添加剂

Phosphorus is the 15^th element of the Group V in the third cycle in the periodic table of elements. It plays very important roles in our daily life, involving life, medicine, health, environment, materials, agriculture, etc. It is also indispensable in our daily diet. In this paper, food additives containing phosphorus were introduced in detail, focusing on their main types, application and safety evaluation. Through the discussion about food additives containing phosphorus, we wish to help the readers to have a scientific and fair understanding and comments for food additives.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定合金中的磷

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定铁基和镍基合金中磷的含量。选用钨的Mα线和钼的Lα线作为测量重叠干扰系数时的参照线。选用合金系统中不存在的钾和钪元素作为校正元素代替钨和钼,这两个元素实际测量的分别是钨的Mα线和钼的Lα线。分别用只含钼和同时含钼、钨的两套标准样品测定了重叠干扰系数,并制定了分析磷的校准曲线。方法应用于标准样品的测定,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.68%。     

Displacement Reactions of Phosphorus(V) Compounds and Their Pentacoordinate Intermediates

Reactions of phosphorus(v) compounds involving the mutual interconversion of tetra- and pentacoordinate species are discussed in a critical review emphasizing stereochemical implications of the reaction mechanism. This discussion includes the formation and decomposition of the stable oxyphosphoranes, the Michaelis-Arbusov, Perkov, and Wittig reactions, interconversions of phosphines and their oxides, and the nucleophilic displacements on phosphonium compounds. Reactions of phosphate esters and related compounds receive particular attention. All chemical arguments are derived by considering the effect of factors determining the relative stabilities of phosphorane derivatives, their rates of formation, decomposition and rearrangement by bond deformation or rupture and recombination processes, considerations which are uniformly applied on the basis of concepts developed in a preceding communication^[2]. It is shown that a comprehensive mechanistic interpretation of the foregoing reactions requires substantial addition to available conceptual foundations such that, in many cases, present concepts and mechanisms must be revised.     

Phosphorus. From elemental light to chemical element

Exactly 300 years ago in the city of Hamburg, a certain Hennig Brand, self-styled doctor medicinae, and chymist, discovered a strange substance in human urine, which was later called phosphorus (light bearer), a name then common to various luminous substances, and which created much excitement in the latter years of the 17th century on account of its properties. However, it was not Brand who profited from the discovery but others: Johann Daniel Krafft, Johann Kunckel, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, men who knew only too well how to exploit the weaknesses of the discoverer. “Cold fire”, Brand's own name for the new substance, was originally regarded as elemental light or fire, and it was not until the conception of the antiphlogistic theory by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier that the proper position of phosphorus among the chemical elements was recognized. In fact, the element played a decisive role in the overthrow of the phlogiston doctrine, a little over one hundred years after its discovery and almost two hundred years ago.     

植酸中无机磷的极谱测定

本文研究了W-Sb-P三元杂多酸的极谱行为,并建立了微量磷的极谱测定方法。该方法有较高的灵敏度,可应用于植酸中无机磷的分析,可以不经分离直接测定。