高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析几种富硒产品的硒总量及其形态

本文采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析了几种富硒产品中硒的总量及其形态。结果表明,四种富硒产品的硒总量均有不同程度增加,富硒大米和富硒茶叶中的硒总量较高,分别为1.300μg/g和0.459μg/g,富硒大米和富硒大葱的富硒倍率相对较高,分别为未富硒产品的24.1和17.8倍。以0.1mol/LHCl辅助超声预处理样品进行富硒螺旋藻和富硒大葱中硒的形态分析,发现富硒大葱中的硒主要为有机态的甲基硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)以及部分硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet),而富硒螺旋藻中的硒大部分为无机硒。说明经根部吸收等富集方式可有效将无机硒转化为有机硒,而某些方式未能完全转化。     

中国富硒食品的生产现状及趋势

对硒的生物学作用和目前已经开发的富硒食品(富硒西瓜、富硒灵芝、富硒茶叶、富硒牛奶、富硒猪肉和富硒鸡蛋等)进行了概述。当前富硒食品的技术含量大多偏低,技术水平有待提高;价廉物美的富硒食品受市场欢迎,科学论证富硒食品的转化机制是今后科研的一个方向。     

HPLC-ICP-MS联用技术在富硒金针菇硒的形态分析中的应用

从富硒培养的金针菇中分离得到含硒化合物, 并采用SE-HPLC-ICP-MS联机技术对浸提液中的含硒化合物进行分离分析; 同时对样品中的硒蛋白在特定条件下水解, 采用RP-HPLC-ICP-MS联机技术对水解液中硒代氨基酸进行确认, 并测定其中硒的含量. 结果表明, 可溶态硒是富硒金针菇中硒的主要存在形式, 其中小分子含硒有机化合物中的含硒量占浸提液中硒的71.87%; 而含硒蛋白所占比例为4.88%; 进一步确定富硒金针菇中含有硒代胱氨酸、硒代蛋氨酸和由二者组成的含硒多肽等, 各形态硒的含量为总硒量的12.3%, 17.6%和36.8%. 本方法将具有高效分离能力的色谱技术与高灵敏度的元素检测技术成功结合, 用于含硒生物分子中硒的在线分析, 具有快速、灵敏及准确等特点.     

超声辅助酶法提取-原子荧光光谱法测定富硒黑木耳中硒形态

建立了富硒黑木耳中硒代胱氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、亚硒酸、硒蛋氨酸、硒酸5种硒形态的液相色谱-原子荧光光谱分析方法。通过链酶蛋白酶E酶解,结合超声提取后,选取Hamilton PRP-X100离子交换色谱柱(250 mm×4.1 mm,10μm),40 mmol/L的磷酸氢二铵为流动相,在16 min内,5种硒形态完全达到基线分离。5种硒形态在线性范围内相关系数R为0.9990~0.9999;加标回收率为76.1%~108%;检出限分别为硒代胱氨酸0.35μg/L、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸0.46μg/L、亚硒酸0.26μg/L、硒代蛋氨酸0.64μg/L、硒酸3.06μg/L;方法应用于富硒黑木耳中硒形态的分析,精密度高、重现性好、方法稳定、准确可靠,是测定富硒黑木耳中硒形态含量的有效方法。     

非金属元素硒的同素异形体*

结合史实文献和最新研究成果,汇总了硒的同素异形体,可分为气态硒、液态硒、固体硒、纳米硒和硒团簇等5类,重点介绍了固体硒、纳米硒和硒团簇的种类、结构、性质、制备和应用等。完善了硒同素异形体在教学中的深入介绍,有助于体现科学研究对本科教学内容改革的推进作用。     

中国硒研究历史回顾（上）

过去50年中,中国微量元素科学和营养科学中最重要的发现,就是认识了硒对人体健康的重要性。在诸多微量元素中,没有哪一个元素能像硒那样对人类产生如此深刻而又广泛的影响。从硒的生物必需性、硒的生物效应两面性、硒的抗癌性、硒的延寿作用及富硒产品开发五个方面回顾了中国的硒研究历程。     

高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用技术测定富硒鸡蛋中的硒形态

为监测市场上富硒鸡蛋中蛋清及蛋黄中硒形态的种类及分布规律,优化建立了一种高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用技术测定富硒鸡蛋蛋清及蛋黄粉中硒形态的方法。随机选取富硒鸡蛋样品,进行蛋清蛋黄分离、冷冻干燥及蛋黄脱脂处理,处理后样品经Tris-HCl缓冲液（5 mmol/L, pH=7.5）55 oC恒温振荡、酶解提取,高速离心机（10000 r/min）离心10 min,上清液过0.22 μm有机滤膜后采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用技术进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,该方法能在11 分钟内实现5种硒形态的基线分离,且各种硒形态的线性相关系数(r)均大于0.9994,其检出限在0.5-3.0 μg/L之间,回收率在81.6%~110.4%之间,可以满足检测需求,按照该实验方法测定市场上富硒鸡蛋中的硒形态,方法灵敏度高、准确性好,且测得的富硒鸡蛋蛋清样品中硒形态主要成分为硒代蛋氨酸,而蛋黄样品主要成分为硒代半胱氨酸,还有少量的硒代蛋氨酸,同时,一些鸡蛋还含有极少量的亚硒酸根,但蛋清及蛋黄中硒代氨基酸的含量总和占总硒含量的83.3-98.4%,适用于富硒鸡蛋中的硒形态提取。由此可见,市场上富硒鸡蛋中的硒主要以硒代氨基酸的形式存在,比较适合日常补硒,且该方法可以对市场上富硒食品起到一定监测作用。     

中国硒研究历史回顾（下）

过去50年中,中国微量元素科学和营养科学中最重要的发现之一,就是认识了硒对人体健康的重要性。在诸多微量元素中,没有哪一个元素能像硒那样对人类产生如此深刻而又广泛的影响。从硒的生物必需性、硒的生物效应两面性、硒的抗癌性、硒的延寿作用及富硒产品开发五个方面回顾了中国的硒研究历程。     

富硒香菇规模化栽培实验及其富硒规律研究

为了了解规模化栽培后富硒香菇的产量(生物学效率)及富硒规律,通过香菇栽培基质添加模式,采取规模化生产进行富硒香菇栽培实验,选取不同浓度硒营养强化剂对香菇品种“向阳二号”和“9608”进行添加,测定相对应的香菇生物学效率以及第一潮次和第二潮次的总硒及硒代氨基酸的含量。实验发现“向阳二号”香菇,在硒添加量较低(0～6 mg/kg)时,香菇的生物转化率基本不随硒添加量的增加而改变,当硒添加量继续增加(10～60 mg/kg)时,香菇的生物转化率整体低于低添加量;“9608”香菇,随着硒添加量的增加(0～60 mg/kg),香菇的生物转化率表现出微弱的增加趋势,但差异性不显著;而两种不同品种、潮次香菇的总硒及硒代氨基酸含量均随着硒添加量的增加而提高,但硒代氨基酸占总硒的比例变化趋势却有所不同,在66.7%～85.4%。此外,对于不同品种的香菇,其第一潮次总硒含量在硒的添加量0～20 mg/kg的范围内呈现良好的规律性,总硒是基质(风干)中硒含量的约4～5倍。可见,按照拟定的规模化栽培模式进行生产栽培,可以得到总硒含量稳定、硒代氨基酸占总硒比>65%的富硒香菇产品,对富硒香菇产业的发展有一...     

硒蛋白及其分离分析

1957年Schwarz等证明硒是人体必需的微量元素之后,国内外开展了许多总硒及其生物化学作用的研究。大量事实表明硒与多种疾病相关,我国用补硒方法防治克山病获得成功,进一步证实了硒的营养作用。近年来,有关硒的生物医学作用的研究已逐渐从总硒转向对有机硒化合物的研究,后者主要集中于含硒氨基酸、含硒多肽、含硒蛋白和近几年才提出的含硒核酸。 就整个生物界来看,动物、植物和微生物中均发现有硒蛋白存在。在已发现的硒酶中,硒主要以硒半胱氨基酸(seCysH)形式存在于蛋白质的多肽链中。     

Some dimension problems in molecular databases

Molecular databases obtained either by combinatorial chemistry tools or by more traditional methods are usually organized according to a set of molecular properties. A database may be regarded as a multidimensional collection of points within a space spanned by the various molecular properties of interest, the property space. Some properties are likely to be more important than others, those considered important form the essential dimensions of the molecular database. How many properties are essential, this depends on the molecular problem addressed, however, the search in property space is usually limited to a few dimensions. Two types of search strategies are related either to search by property or search by lead compound. The first case corresponds to a lattice model, where the search is based on sets of adjacent blocks, usually hypercubes in property space, whereas lead-based searches in databases can be regarded as search around a center in property space. A natural model for lead-based searches involves a hyperspherical model. In this contribution a theoretical optimum dimension is determined that enhances the effectiveness of lead-based searches in property space of molecular databases.     

耐电解质高吸水性树脂

在简述高吸水性树脂吸水机理的基础上,综述了改善高吸水性树脂耐电解质性能的四种途径,结合聚合方法重点讨论了提高亲水性、引入长链疏不性单体以及合成两性聚合物三种改性途径。     

Direct fluorination of polyamide

Direct fluorination of polyamides imparts improved wetting property to the surface of the polymer. The acid content and fluorine content are compared to the wetting property of the treated polymer. The results indicate there is a favorable ratio of acid content and fluorine content that allows for best wetting property. The effect of added oxygen to the fluorinating medium is to reduce the wetting property imparted to the polymer.     

Influence of fabric geometry on yarn pull‐out property and wear performance of hybrid S‐glass/PTFE fabric‐reinforced composites

The friction states between yarns affect the stress transferred in fabric and the fabric structure significantly affects the tribological properties of composites. In this aricle, the effects of fabric structure on yarn pull‐out property and tribological performance of composite were thoroughly studied. Four different fabrics with same tissue cycles number and thread count (2/2 double twills, 1/3 twill, 4‐shaft satin, and 4‐shaft reinforced satin) were used to evaluate the yarn pull‐out property in fabric and the tribological performance of corresponding composites. The results indicate that fabric structure has a significant effect on the yarn pull‐out property in fabric. In particular, the yarn pull‐out property of 4‐shaft reinforced satin was best in the four fabrics structure used in this article owing to the excellent integrity of the 4‐shaft reinforced satin fabric structure and the distribution characteristics of the fabric intersection points. The tribological performance of the 4‐shaft reinforced satin fabric enhanced composites were positively correlated with yarn pull‐out property because the yarn pull‐out property in fabric played an important role in energy dissipation and load carry capacity.     

Synthesis and Surface Property of Aqueous Fluorine-Containing Polyurethane

A novel aqueous fluorine-containing polyurethane was prepared with a hydrophobic macromonomer of a perfluoroalkyl group. Two representative properties of the polyurethane, initial particle diameter dispersed in water and surface free energy of coating films, were investigated. The macromonomer was synthesized by radical copolymerization of perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate with a diol of chain-transfer agent in order to attenuate solubility and hydrophobic property. Anionic aqueous polyurethane was obtained with a good hydrophobic film property by one-step condensation polymerization of the macromonomer with hydrophilic comonomers and successive ionization. The polyurethane showed an initial average diameter of less than 1100 nm in water and surface free energies of less than 19 dyn/cm. The water dispersion property and hydrophobic surface property of the polyurethane can be controlled by controlling the content and hydrophobic property of the macromonomer. The incorporation of the macromonomer in the polyurethane backbone did not show a significant effect on the glass transition temperature, or the softness, of the polyurethane. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Mechanochromic luminescent property of a polypeptide-based dendron

We report herein the mechanochromic luminescent property of a dendritic polypeptide with a fluorescent aromatic moiety at the focal point. The different luminescent property of 1 under mechanical stimulus is attributed to the switch of self-assembled structures. Moreover, the photoluminescence property of 1 also depends on the thermal history.     

Introducing Intellectual Property in an Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum

An exercise that introduces undergraduate chemistry majors to concepts associated with intellectual property is outlined. The assignment includes an introduction to the terminology associated with starting a company based on intellectual property and to nondisclosure agreements. After this, the students write a draft patent application. With over 150,000 United States patents issued annually, the role of intellectual property is prominent and becoming increasingly important in current corporations and in the formation of new businesses, as well as in government and academic settings.     

与二茂铁酰基相连的螺噁嗪的合成、结构及性质

在二环已基碳二亚胺(DCC)存在下, 将9′-羟基螺噁嗪与二茂铁甲酸进行酯化缩合, 合成了一种与二茂铁酰基相连的螺噁嗪衍生物2, 用核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、红外光谱、高分辨质谱和X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征. 化合物2在几种有机溶剂中都表现出了良好的光致变色性质; 通过实验证明了在无冰水浴冷却条件下, 用高压汞灯照射时化合物2在二氯甲烷中表现出的特殊变色性是酸致变色的结果; 同时还研究了化合物2在固体PMMA薄膜中的光致变色性质. 在高压汞灯照射下,化合物2在二氯甲烷溶液中显示了良好的荧光性. 循环伏安法测定结果表明化合物2具有良好的氧化还原可逆性.     

直接氟化表面改性技术研究进展

直接氟化是直接用氟气作为氟化试剂对高聚物进行表面改性的新方法。其在聚合表面形成纳米级的氟化层,使得聚合物在其本体力学性能不受影响的情况下阻隔性、表面可粘接性等性能得到明显提高,并得到实际应用。同时直接氟化还可用于对碳纳米管、石墨以及分离膜等进行表面氟化改性,可提高其在溶剂中的分散性,电性能和选择分离性。该方法具备成本低,不需要催化剂,改性效果显著和工艺简单等优点。本文主要对直接氟化改性技术的发展、应用、直接氟化基本原理以及相关研究进展进行了综述。     

Structure property correlations in alcohols through two-photon absorption cross-section measurements

Two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections of neat alcohols are shown to be a femtosecond laser measurable property with useful structure property correlations that are directly correlated to the self-phase modulation of the alcohol in question. The amount of self-phase modulation is shown to be a molecular structure dependent property. The real and the imaginary components of the second-order hyperpolarizability are thus shown to be interrelated. Such TPA measurements prove that it is not possible to predict two-photon absorption properties by simple doubling the wavelengths of one-photon absorption spectra.