A study of the nuclear-medium influence on transverse momentum of hadrons produced in deep-inelastic neutrino scattering

The influence of nuclear effects on the transverse momentum (p_T) of neutrino-produced hadrons is investigated using the data obtained with the SKAT propane-freon bubble chamber irradiated in the neutrino beam (with E _v =3–30 GeV) at the Serpukhov accelerator. It has been observed that the nuclear effects cause an enhancement of 〈p _T ² 〉 of hadrons produced in the target fragmentation region at low invariant mass of the hadronic system (2 < W < 4 GeV) and at low energies transferred to the hadrons (2 < ν < 9 GeV). At higher W and ν, no influence of nuclear effects on 〈p _T ² 〉 is observed. Measurement results are compared with predictions of a simple model, incorporating secondary intranuclear interactions of hadrons, which qualitatively reproduces the main features of the data.     

QCD corrections to charm quark production in deep-inelastic neutrino scattering

We evaluate theO(_s) corrections to weak, charged current production of charm quarks. For perturbative subtractions and parton densities in the deep inelastic scheme the residual corrections to p and charm production structure functionsF ₂,F ₃ andF _L are presented. The consequences of these corrections with respect to they dependence of the cross section is discussed.Supported by Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie. 05 5HH91P (8), Bonn, FRG     

A study of the nuclear-medium influence on neutral-strange-particle production in deep-inelastic neutrino scattering

The influence of nuclear effects on the production of neutral strange particles (V ⁰) is investigated using the data obtained with SKAT propane-freon bubble chamber irradiated in the neutrino beam (with E _v =3−30 GeV) at the Serpukhov accelerator. The mean multiplicity of V ⁰ particles in nuclear interactions, , is found to exceed significantly that in “quasideuteron” interactions, . The ratio of is larger than that for π⁻ mesons, . It is shown that the multiplicity gain of V ⁰ particles can be explained by intranuclear interactions of produced pions. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Charm of small-x neutrino deep-inelastic scattering

Due to the weak-current nonconservation, the diffractive excitation of the charm and strangeness dominates the longitudinal structure function F _L (x, Q ²) of a neutrino DIS at a small Bjorken x. Quantitative predictions based on the color dipole BFKL approach are given for this effect in the kinematical range of the CCFR/NuTeV experiment. The relevance of our findings to the experimental tests of PCAC is discussed. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Phenomenology of nuclear shadowing in deep-inelastic scattering

We investigate shadowing effects in deep-inelastic scattering from nuclei at small valuesx < 0.1 of the Bjorken variable. Unifying aspects of generalized vector meson dominance and color transparency we first develop a model for deep-inelastic scattering from free nucleons at smallx. In application to nuclear targets we find that the coherent interaction of quark-antiquark fluctuations with nucleons in a nucleus leads to the observed shadowing atx < 0.1. We compare our results with most of the recent data for a large variety of nuclei and examine in particular the Q² dependence of the shadowing effect. While the coherent interaction of low mass vector mesons causes a major part of the shadowing observed in the Q² range of current experiments, the coherent scattering of continuum quark-antiquark pairs is also important and guarantees a very weak overall Q² dependence of the effect. We also discuss shadowing in deuterium and its implications for the quark flavor structure of nucleons. Finally we comment on shadowing effects in high-energy photon-nucleus reactions with real photons.     

On recent evidence for higher-twist effects in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic neutrino scattering

We discuss recent experimental evidence for higher-twist contributions in $\text{ν}\text{N}\text{→ μ}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{h}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{X}$. We show that the observed effects are equally well reproduced by a longitudinal phase space model, with no free parameters. With an antineutrino beam instead the corresponding effect predicted by the LPS model is found to be opposite to that expected from the high-twist calculation, and thus a cleaner test of the theory is possible.     

Hadron formation in deep-inelastic positron scattering in a nuclear environment

The influence of the nuclear medium on the production of charged hadrons in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering has been studied by the HERMES experiment at DESY using a 27.5 GeV positron beam. The differential multiplicity of charged hadrons and identified charged pions from nitrogen relative to that from deuterium has been measured as a function of the virtual photon energy and the fraction z of this energy transferred to the hadron. There are observed substantial reductions of the multiplicity ratio at low and at high z, both of which are well described by a gluon-bremsstrahlung model of hadronization. A significant difference of the -dependence of is found between positive and negative hadrons. This is interpreted in terms of a difference between the formation times of protons and pions, using a phenomenological model to describe the - and z-dependence of . Received: 20 February 2001 / Revised version: 3 May 2001 / Published online: 8 June 2001     

Self-consistent treatment of the quark condensate and hadrons in nuclear matter

We calculate the contribution of pions to the $\bar qq$-expectation value κ(ρ) =<M|ˉq q|M> in symmetric nuclear matter. We employ exact pion propagator renormalized by nucleon-hole and isobar-hole excitations. Conventional straightforward calculation leads to the “pion condensation” at unrealistically small values of densities, causing even earlier restoration of chiral symmetry. This requires a self-consistent approach, consisting in using the models, which include direct dependence of in-medium mass values on κ(ρ), e.g. the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio–model. We show, that in the self-consistent approach the ρ-dependence of the condensate is described by a smooth curve. The “pion condensate” point is removed to much higher values of density. The chiral restoration does not take place at least while ρ < 2.8ρ₀ with ρ₀ being the saturation value. Validity of our approach is limited by possible accumulation of heavier baryons (delta isobars) in the ground state of nuclear matter. For the value of effective nucleon mass at the saturation density we found m ^*(ρ₀) = 0.6m, consistent with nowadays results of other authors. Received: 8 October 1998     

Heavy Majorana neutrinos in dilepton production in deep-inelastic lepton-proton scattering

The cross section for the production of pairs of likely charged leptons in the deep-inelastic processes $e^ + p \to \bar v_e \ell ^ + \ell '^ + X(\ell ,\ell ' = e,\mu ,\tau )$ induced by the exchange of heavy Majorana neutrinos is calculated. The effect of interference between different neutrino mass eigenstates is studied. The possibilities for observing this effect at future lepton-proton colliders are considered.     

Charm production by partons in neutrino scattering

We present quantitative quark-parton model calculations of charm production contributions in neutrino scattering, to compare with the experimental indications of possible charm production, namely dimuon events and ?nN y-distributions. Within the uncertainties in the present data and in the quark density distributions, charm production in the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani scheme appears to offer a viable explanation of both effects.     

Measurement of isolated photon production in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA

The production of isolated photons in deep-inelastic scattering ep→eγX is measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is performed in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared 4<Q²<150 GeV² and a mass of the hadronic system W_X>50 GeV. The analysis is based on a total integrated luminosity of 227 pb^-1. The production cross section of isolated photons with a transverse energy in the range 3<E_T ^γ<10 GeV and pseudorapidity range -1.2<η^γ<1.8 is measured as a function of E_T ^γ, η^γ and Q². Isolated photon cross sections are also measured for events with no jets or at least one hadronic jet. The measurements are compared with predictions from Monte Carlo generators modelling the photon radiation from the quark and the electron lines, as well as with calculations at leading and next to leading order in the strong coupling. The predictions significantly underestimate the measured cross sections.     

On the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to heavy-quark production in deep-inelastic scattering

The contribution of quarks with masses m?_ΛQCD$m?{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ is the only part of the structure functions in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) which is not yet known at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) of perturbative QCD. We present improved partial NNLO results for the most important structure function _F2(x,Q²)$F_2(x,Q^2)$ near the partonic threshold, in the high-energy (small-x  ) limit and at high scales Q²?m²$Q^2?m^2$; and employ these results to construct approximations for the gluon and quark coefficient functions which cover the full kinematic plane. The approximation uncertainties are carefully investigated, and found to be large only at very small values, x?10⁻³$x?{10}^{-3}$, of the Bjorken variable.     

Higher-twist effects in deep-inelastic scattering

Non-scaling, non-factorizing 1/Q² contributions to cross sections are derived for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, ?N → ?′πX. These higher twist terms are dominant at large z = p_π · p_N/Q · p_N. They provide unusual (1 ? y) terms in the cross section. as well as asymmetries in the azimuthal angle dependence. Calculations are also presented for the quark to pion fragmentation function D_π(z, Q²).     

Diffractive open charm production in deep-inelastic scattering and photoproduction at HERA

Measurements are presented of diffractive open charm production at HERA. The event topology is given by ep→eXY where the system X contains at least one charmed hadron and is well separated by a large rapidity gap from a leading low-mass proton remnant system Y. Two analysis techniques are used for the cross section measurements. In the first, the charm quark is tagged by the reconstruction of a D^*±(2010) meson. This technique is used in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and photoproduction (γp). In the second, a method based on the displacement of tracks from the primary vertex is used to measure the open charm contribution to the inclusive diffractive cross section in DIS. The measurements are compared with next-to-leading order QCD predictions based on diffractive parton density functions previously obtained from a QCD analysis of the inclusive diffractive cross section at H1. A good agreement is observed in the full kinematic regime, which supports the validity of QCD factorization for open charm production in diffractive DIS and γp.