ICP-AES法测定金属硅中的Al、B、Ba、Ca、Cr、Cu、 Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Sr、Ti、V和Zn杂质元素

本文提供了一种测定金属硅中Ｂ,Ｆｅ,Ａｌ,Ｃａ,Ｍｎ等１４个杂质元素的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ方法,在样品处理过程中,加入适量体积的甘露醇能够抑制Ｂ的挥发。用本方法测定了一个国家地球化学标准样（ＧＳＲ－４）,结果令人满意。     

镁合金中Si、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Be、Al的光电光谱分析

本文报道了用光电直读光谱法测定镁合金中8种元素的方法,对光源的激发方式及操作参数进行了选择,该法简便,快速,准确度,精密度高,完全可以代替繁杂的化学分析,结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES法测定番茄酱中Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、K、Al、Sr、P等9个元素

本文采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法对新疆地区出口番茄酱中Ｃａ,Ｃｕ,Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ,Ｍｎ,Ｋ,Ａｌ,Ｓｒ,Ｐ等九个元素进行了同时测定,根据仪器的特点,最大限度地避开了干扰及合理地扣除了光谱背景,改变了以往原子吸收法测定时的繁琐,费时情况,本法的准确度,精密度,回收率（９２．５％￣１０４．１％）均达到满意结果。     

眼镜、放大镜、显微镜、望远镜

提出了一种采用光学投影成像和自扫描光电二极管列阵(SSPA)传感器实现隐形眼镜曲率、光学中心厚度和直径测量的新方法,基于此方法设计成功了一种新型隐形眼镜投影测量仪。介绍了仪器的测量原理、仪器结构、光电二极管列阵信号采集以及单片机控制系统的硬件和软件设计。该测量仪测量镜片曲率半径的精度优于士0.1 mm,测量镜片光学中心厚度的     

ICP-AES法同时测定螺旋藻中Ca、Mg、P、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn

本文研究了干法灰化,盐酸溶解盐类,ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ技术同时测定螺旋藻中Ｃａ、ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ的方法,进行了共存离子干扰和谱线干扰试验,对Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ进行了ＡＡＳ法测定对比。方法的相对标准偏差为１．３９％－５．０２％,标准回收率为９５．６％－１０４．８％。方法快速、准确、可靠。     

眼镜、放大镜、显微镜、望远镜

TH742.92007010860基于HT的显微视觉亚像素定位算法=Sub-pixel localiza-tion algorithm of micro-vision based on Hough transform[刊,中]/董代(北京航天控制仪器研究所.北京(100039)),孙明磊…//光电工程.—2006,33(10).—28-37,66根据显微图像的几何特点,提出了基于HT(HoughTransform)十字显微图像亚像素定位算法(SLACHT)和基于HT近似圆显微图像亚像素定位算法(SLARHT),对显微图像特征中的直线和近似圆的亚像素定位做了深入的研究。通过与经典直线HT定位算法和经典随机HT圆定位算法进行实验对比,验证了该定位算法的优越性;…     

铸造锌合金中铝、铜、镁、铁、硅、镉的 ICP-AES法测定

采用ICP-AES法测定了铸造锌合金的铝、铜、镁、铁、硅、镉6种元素。并研究了基体对6种被测元素以及被测元素间的干扰。进行了酸度与内标用量试验,以及精密度、准确度、回收率试验,获得了满意的结果。     

光学仪器 眼镜、放大镜、显微镜、望远镜

TH741．8 2005053956 AFM纳米加工系统设计=Nano-fabrication system based on atomic force microscopy[刊,中]／朱吉牧(浙江大学现代 光学仪器国家重点实验室．浙江,杭州(310027)),章海军 …∥光学仪器．-2005,27(2)．-76-79 利用自行研制的原子力显微镜开发了一套纳米加工 系统,系统利用软件预先读入图形,根据图形控制探针的 精确走向,实现复杂图案的矢量式扫描刻蚀,并且对陶瓷 管的非线性畸变实现了软件矫正。实验表明系统可加工 出精细的纳米图形,为进一步加工出更为精细复杂的纳米 器件奠定了基础。图4参8(于晓光)     

光学仪器 眼镜、放大镜、显微镜、望远镜

TH742.6 2006032725非共轴掠入射X射线显微镜参数的误差分析=Error anal-ysis on the parameters of non-coaxial grazing X-ray micro-scope[刊,中]/赵玲玲(大连理工大学电子与信息工程学院.辽宁,大连(116024)) ,胡家升…∥光学精密工程.—2006 ,14(1) .—34-42设计了一套由4个反射镜组成的非共轴掠入射X射线显微镜,分析了该系统的像差和成像质量。为了研制出高质量的设备,需要制定合理的加工和装配公差。研究了由于元件和结构参数(反射镜的半径,物距,掠入射角等)的误差而引起的高斯参数和像差的变化。首次用点列图和调制传递函数来定量…     

发射光谱法测定高纯银中微量金、铂、钯、铑、铱、锑、铅、铋、铁、铜、镍、铬、铝和锌

本文研究了贵金属标准溶液除氯离子的有关问题，解决了高纯硝酸银中贵金属等杂质元素的标样配制，以硝酸银直接压样于普通电极中直流电弧激发，可测定９９．０～９９．９９％的高纯银，该方法简便、快速、准确。     

ICP-AES同时测定铝合金中Fe,Si,Cu,Mg,Mn,Ni,Zn,Ti,Cr,Sr等杂质元素

本文通过基体干扰和操作条件的试验研究，分别用基体匹配法和干扰系数法校正基体干扰和待测元素间的干扰，建立了以氢氧化钠溶样，ICP－AES同时测定铝合金中铁、锰、铜、锌、镁、钛、硅、镍、铬、锶等杂质元素的方法。方法快速、简便、可靠，回收率93％－102％，适用于进出口铝合金的快速检验。     

硫酸铜中杂质铁、铅、锌、镍的火焰原子吸收法（FAAS）测定

本文建立了一种简便快速、准确测定进口硫酸铜中铁、铅、锌、镍的火焰原子吸收方法（ＦＡＡＳ）。利用测定主成份的废液直接测定四种杂质，不需另外制备样品，简化了操作步骤，省时省力，节约试剂，且灵敏度好，准确性高，有一定的推广和应用价值。     

ICP-AES法测定中国梨木虱分泌物中的元素

本文叙述了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定中国梨木虱分泌物中的钙,镁,锌,铜,铁、钡等多种元素。方法简便,可靠,具有良好的精密度和准确性,相对标准偏差为１．８％－５．８％,回收率为９４％－１０５％。     

Entropy,Information, and the Updating of Probabilities

This paper is a review of a particular approach to the method of maximum entropy as a general framework for inference. The discussion emphasizes pragmatic elements in the derivation. An epistemic notion of information is defined in terms of its relation to the Bayesian beliefs of ideally rational agents. The method of updating from a prior to posterior probability distribution is designed through an eliminative induction process. The logarithmic relative entropy is singled out as a unique tool for updating (a) that is of universal applicability, (b) that recognizes the value of prior information, and (c) that recognizes the privileged role played by the notion of independence in science. The resulting framework—the ME method—can handle arbitrary priors and arbitrary constraints. It includes the MaxEnt and Bayes’ rules as special cases and, therefore, unifies entropic and Bayesian methods into a single general inference scheme. The ME method goes beyond the mere selection of a single posterior, and also addresses the question of how much less probable other distributions might be, which provides a direct bridge to the theories of fluctuations and large deviations.     

ICP法测定朱鹮羽毛中7种元素含量

用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)发射光谱法直接测定世界珍稀濒危鸟类——朱鹮羽毛中Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,Cr,Fe,Mo七种元素的含量。结果表明,此方法简便,具有良好的精密度和准确性。     

Prediction of the incidence of motion sickness from the magnitude, frequency, and duration of vertical oscillation

A method is proposed by which the incidence of motion sickness may be predicted from measurement of the motion exposure. The method is based on data from both field and laboratory studies involving large numbers of people and is applicable to marine and other environments where vertical oscillation occurs at frequencies below 0.5 Hz. The dependence of motion sickness on the frequency of oscillation requires the use of a weighting function between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz. The dependence of sickness on the duration of exposure is incorporated by the use of a cumulative measure of motion dose based on the product of root-mean-square (rms) acceleration magnitude and the square root of stimulus duration. The influence of population variables such as sex, age, and motion experience is discussed. The method enables separate predictions to be made of vomiting incidence and of feelings of illness. The prediction procedure, while not seeking to explain the underlying mechanisms of motion sickness occurrence, provides a generally applicable method which is simple to use and has an accuracy consistent with the experimental data on which it is based.     

The Interaction Vector Model and the Intensity of the Secondary Transition of the Benzene Chromophore in Strained Natural Molecules: Sesamol,Melacacidin, Tetrahydropapaverolin,Renifolin, Pterocarpin,Peltogynol

A method (the New Vector Model : NVM) designed to approach the intensity of the secondary transition of the benzene chromophore with-CH3 and-OR substituents, has been recently published ¹ This method is based on MNDO calculations. It has been applied to strained chromophores with fused rings, ² assuming that it is possible to take into account the incidence of strain on intensity in introducing a strain vector in the vector scheme used to calculate the transition moment vector. In another step it has been derived a much simpler method which avoids the quantum calculations. It can be brought into play using graphically simple vector addition rules. ³ This method is based on a new concept : the interaction vector (underneath, the method is called the Interaction Vector Model : IVM). It has been designed to study alkyl and-OR substituents, since we are mainly involved in the study of natural products and many natural products display such substituents. This IVM has not been designed to take into account the perturbations induced by the strain on intensity. The present work is devoted to the adaptation of the IVM to strained benzene chromophores. It is given several examples on the way it can be used on strained natural molecules.     

Calibration and comparison of the acoustic location methods used during the spring migration of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, off Pt. Barrow, Alaska, 1984-1993

Between 1984 and 1993, visual and acoustic methods were combined to census the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, population. Passive acoustic location was based on arrival-time differences of transient bowhead sounds detected on sparse arrays of three to five hydrophones distributed over distances of 1.5-4.5 km along the ice edge. Arrival-time differences were calculated from either digital cross correlation of spectrograms (old method), or digital cross correlation of time waveforms (new method). Acoustic calibration was conducted in situ in 1985 at five sites with visual site position determined by triangulation using two theodolites. The discrepancy between visual and acoustic locations was <1%-5% of visual range and less than 0.7 degrees of visual bearing for either method. Comparison of calibration results indicates that the new method yielded slightly more precise and accurate positions than the old method. Comparison of 217 bowhead whale call locations from both acoustic methods showed that the new method was more precise, with location errors 3-4 times smaller than the old method. Overall, low-frequency bowhead transients were reliably located out to ranges of 3-4 times array size. At these ranges in shallow water, signal propagation appears to be dominated by the fundamental mode and is not corrupted by multipath.     

朱鹮羽毛中Ca,Mg,Pb,Cd,As和Hg六种元素测定

微量元素参与朱鹮体内的许多重要的生命过程,通过了解微量元素含量与朱鹮生长过程及生存环境有重要的联系,也有一些相关报道.文章用ICP和HG-AAS测定我国的朱鹮羽毛中营养性元素、有害元素Ca,Mg,Pb,Cd,As和Hg含量.结果表明,此方法简便、可靠,具有良好的精确度和准确性.通过较长时间对朱鹮羽毛中元素含量的跟踪研究,尤其对有害性元素含量的数据收集、整理和相关性研究,对于改善朱鹮的正常生长繁殖、发育以及生存环境状况是有价值的.     

Phase-shifting interferometry in the presence of nonlinear phase steps, harmonics, and noise

A phase-shifting piezo device commonly employed in phase-shifting interferometry exhibits a nonlinear response to applied voltage. Hence, a method for estimation of phase distribution in the presence of nonlinear phase steps is presented. The proposed method compensates for the harmonics present in the intensity fringe, allows the use of arbitrary phase-step values between 0 and tau rad, and does not impose constraints on the selection of particular phase-step values for minimizing nonlinearity and compensating for the harmonics. The comparison of the proposed method with other well-known benchmarking algorithms shows that our method is highly efficient and also works well in the presence of noise.