马来二腈基二硫烯镍(Ⅱ)配合物展现了介电反常和弛豫

合成并用X-射线单晶衍射表征了一个离子对化合物1,7-bis(1-methylimidazolium)heptane bis(maleonitriodithiolato)nickelate(1)的结构。沿着晶体学c轴方向,化合物1中的阴、阳离子分别排列形成波浪形的链。变温介电性质研究表明,化合物1在90℃左右展现了介电态转变。我们将此转变归于化合物1中平衡阳离子的有序到无序转变。在低频区,化合物1出现了明显的介电弛豫过程,这与阳离子偶极运动有关。此外,DSC研究表明,在第二个升温过程中,化合物1在66℃和130℃左右出现两步冷结晶。此种冷结晶现象在小分子化合物中很罕见,这与化合物1的较大粘度以及测试过程中的较快降温速率有关。     

马来二腈基二硫烯镍(Ⅱ)配合物展现了介电反常和弛豫（英文）

合成并用X-射线单晶衍射表征了一个离子对化合物1,7-bis(1-methylimidazolium)heptane bis(maleonitriodithiolato)nickelate(1)的结构。沿着晶体学c轴方向,化合物1中的阴、阳离子分别排列形成波浪形的链。变温介电性质研究表明,化合物1在90℃左右展现了介电态转变。我们将此转变归于化合物1中平衡阳离子的有序到无序转变。在低频区,化合物1出现了明显的介电弛豫过程,这与阳离子偶极运动有关。此外,DSC研究表明,在第二个升温过程中,化合物1在66℃和130℃左右出现两步冷结晶。此种冷结晶现象在小分子化合物中很罕见,这与化合物1的较大粘度以及测试过程中的较快降温速率有关。     

一种电荷转移晶体的磁和介电弛豫性质

在外加电场下,利用分子的旋转和取向运动是组装分子介电马达以及弛豫型分子介电体的一个主要策略。在本论文中,我们制备并表征了一个新的电荷转移晶体[C₁₀-DMPy][Ni(mnt)₂](1)(C₁₀-DMPy⁺=1-decanel-N, N-dimethylpyridinium, mnt^2-=马来二氰基二硫烯)。在一定的频率范围内,该化合物展现了介电弛豫行为,我们将此归于平衡阳离子的动力学位置取向和阴、阳离子间的电荷转移。该化合物的介电弛豫过程遵循Cole-Cole方程,偏离理想的Debye模型。单晶X-射线衍射表明该化合物的阴、阳离子分别独立堆积成柱状,柔性的有机阳离子与刚性的磁性阴离子构筑块间存在电荷协助氢键作用。此外,该化合物的磁行为展现为弱的铁磁耦合作用。     

镉基杂化晶体的介电相变和蓝白光致发光双重特性

通过采用容易无序的胺,我们合成了2种有机无机杂化晶体,分别为基于bempy （bempy=1-甲基-1-溴乙基吡咯烷阳离子）的溴盐化合物（bempy） Br （1）和镉基溴化物（bempy）₂CdBr₄（2）,并对其结构相变、介电相变和蓝白荧光进行了详细的表征分析。化合物1在测试温度范围内未观察到可逆相变,化合物2为高温介电相变,介电和差示扫描量热法测试表征其相变温度为357 K。同时,化合物1和2均具备蓝白光致发光特性,荧光测试表明,化合物1和2分别在538 nm和547、750 nm处存在发射峰。化合物2具备介电相变和蓝白光致发光的双重特性。     

一维化合物(C2H8N)[Hg2Cl5]的晶体结构与介电性质的研究

二甲基胺盐酸盐与氯化汞在水溶液中的反应,生产了一种有机无机杂化化合物(C₂H₈N)[Hg₂Cl₅](1)。单晶衍射分析证明化合物1的阴离子为沿b轴方向由氯桥构成的一维阴离子链,每1个汞都与4个氯离子配位。在处于80~298 K温度区间中,化合物1的介电没有出现介电异常的现象,这表明没有相变的发生。     

两例配位聚合物[MCl2(β-ala)]n(M=Co,Ni;β-ala=3-氨基丙酸)的结构相变

利用3-氨基丙酸（β-ala）和过渡金属氯化物构筑了2例互为异质同晶的配位聚合物[MCl₂（β-ala）]_n（M=Co²⁺ （1）,Ni²⁺ （2））,并通过差示扫描量热法、变温X射线单晶衍射以及变温介电测试研究了它们的结构相变。配合物1和2的结构中,相邻的M²⁺离子通过2个氯离子和1个双齿羧基的桥联作用形成一维配位链。在升/降温过程中,1和2分别在236、224 K和309、302 K附近发生高温相（Pnam）与低温相（Pna2₁）之间的温致结构相变;该相变主要是由配体的铵乙基由高温相中的两重无序状态冻结为低温相中的有序状态而引起的,该有序-无序型相变使这两个化合物在相变温度附近都表现出介电台阶及介电弛豫的共存现象。     

1，4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷-氰基合钴(Ⅲ)三维框架氢键型晶体的合成、相变及介电性质

室温下以1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷（Dabco）和钴氰酸为原料、水和甲醇为混合溶剂,以缓慢蒸发的方式获得Dabco-氰基合钴氢键型框架晶体材料（H₃O）（H₂Dabco）[Co （CN）₆]·H₂O （1）。并通过单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、元素分析、粉末X射线衍射、热重分析、差示扫描量热、变温-变频介电常数测试对其结构、热性能与电性能进行表征。在低温（100 K）与室温（296 K）下,化合物均为单斜晶系P2₁/c空间群。单晶结构显示氰基合钴阴离子、水分子与水合质子在晶体内部通过氢键的相互作用形成三维网状框架,质子化的（H₂Dabco）²⁺阳离子镶嵌在其中构成分子马达型囊状结构。随着温度的升高（H₂Dabco）²⁺阳离子发生弹簧式扭转,从而引发晶体在254 K附近相变,在相同温度下沿着晶体的3个轴向发生介电异常,呈现明显的介电各向异性。     

化学修饰1，4，7，10-四氮杂环十二烷提高铼酸化合物的相变温度

通过碘甲烷对1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷（cyclen）进行化学修饰得到甲基取代的N-甲基-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷（Me-cyclen）。将cyclen和Me-cyclen与HReO₄以1∶2的比例进行反应,分别获得化合物（cyclen）（ReO₄）₂（1）和（Me-cyclen）（ReO₄）₂（2）。差示扫描量热法和介电研究发现化合物1和2具有可逆的相变,相变温度为324 K （1）和384 K （2）。以上研究表明：通过对环状有机胺进行化学改性,在降低分子对称性同时可以显著提高该有机-无机杂化材料的相变温度。     

一维化合物(C2H8N)[Hg2Cl5]的晶体结构与介电性质的研究

二甲基胺盐酸盐与氯化汞在水溶液中的反应,生产了一种有机无机杂化化合物(C₂H₈N)[Hg₂Cl₅](1)。单晶衍射分析证明化合物1的阴离子为沿b轴方向由氯桥构成的一维阴离子链,每1个汞都与4个氯离子配位。在处于80~298K温度区间中,化合物1的介电没有出现介电异常的现象,这表明没有相变的发生。     

镍（Ⅲ）-二硫烯配合物的晶体结构与磁性

分别以2-[（4-二甲氨基苯基偶氮]-1-甲基-吡啶阳离子、2-[（4-二甲氨基苯基）偶氮]-1-苄基-吡啶阳离子和镍-双-1,2-二硫烯阴离子合成了离子对配合物1和2,并且对2个配合物进行了晶体结构和磁性质的研究。晶体1和2中,阴阳离子呈柱状交替排列堆积。在2~300K温度范围内,配合物1具有反铁磁性（θ=-0.0162K）,配合物2在110K左右具有spin-gap现象（Δ/κb=38915.42K）。     

Cu2+离子A位取代对MgTiO3陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用固相反应制备了Mg_1-xCu_x TiO₃(0.00≤x≤0.20)微波介电陶瓷,研究CuO烧结助剂对MgTiO₃陶瓷的微观结构和微波介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,CuO中的Cu²⁺离子会进入到MgTiO₃晶格中并取代Mg²⁺,形成Mg_1-xCu_x TiO₃固溶体。由于液相效应,适量的CuO可以促进MgTiO₃陶瓷的致密化烧结,降低其烧结温度。Cu²⁺离子的A位取代会改变样品的TiO₆八面体扭曲度。随着Cu²⁺离子含量的增加,会使MgTiO₃陶瓷的结构稳定性降低。随着CuO含量的增加,晶粒的不均匀生长和液相的出现导致样品的品质因数(Qf)下降。同时,Mg_1-xCu_x TiO₃陶瓷的相对密度、结构...     

On pseudo-clathrate hydrate structure in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran

Dielectric relaxation in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran is reported and the results interpreted in terms of the pseudo-clathrate hydrate model of the structure of the liquid state. The lifetime of any given pseudo-clathrate configuration is 10^–11 sec.Issued as NRCC Publication No. 17436     

高介电常数、低介电损耗的聚合物基复合材料*

考虑到高介电常数、低介电损耗聚合物基复合材料在电气、电子行业的广泛重要应用,本文对其研究进展进行了回顾。重点讨论了功能填料、聚合物基体及它们两者的相互作用等因素对聚合物基复合材料介电性能的影响规律,试图为建立高介电常数、低介电损耗的聚合物基复合材料的设计和制备原理理清思路。指出该领域在未来的主要发展方向是涉及制备结构、形貌、尺寸可控的新的功能填料,探索新型简单的复合工艺和界面控制技术,从理论上分析建立功能填料的结构和介电性能的关系模型等。     

Dielectric relaxation measurements on aerosol-OT/water/cyclohexane-solutions at low water content

The complex relative dieletric permittivity of aerosol-OT(AOT)/water/cyclohexane solutions has been measured within the frequency range 5 kHz-10 GHz. The investigated solutions were of oil-rich type with varying AOT- and water content. A marked dielectric relaxation has been found. The dielectric increment as well as the conductivity steeply increase with the water content, while the relaxation time decreases. Theoretical models of heterogeneous dielectrics consisting of polar, highly conductive inclusions in a nonpolar solvent with low conductivity have been applied to the results, allowing conclusions with regard to the inclusions, shape and conductivity.     

Dielectric studies on some mesogenic,non-mesogenic and organic molecules

Two important molecular parameters, namely, the dielectric relaxation time τ and electric dipole moment are highly useful in having insight into the molecular structure, size, shape, apart from the inter- and intra-molecular forces, etc. With these in view dielectric measurements in benzene at room temperature on the pure samples of o-ethyl phenol, 2-n-butylphenol, 4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 3,4-difluorophenol were carried out at a frequency of 9.98 GHz by employing concentration variation method. Similar measurements, on a single weight fraction of each of them at 9.98 GHz and also at 8.74 GHz are carried out. Measurements on a single weight fraction in benzene of each of the liquid crystal samples, namely, EPCP.car (Butyl-p-(p-ethoxy phenoxy corbonyl)-phenyl carbonate), PPPB (p-pentylphenyl-p-propyl benzonate), EPAP.Hp (p-(p-ethoxyphenyl azo) phenyl heptenate) and EPAP. Und (p-(p-ethoxyphenyl azo) phenyl undecylenate were also carried out at the said two frequencies. Using the obtained values of ε′, ε′′ relaxation time and dipole moment were determined using different methods. The obtained results are compared with earlier results wherever available.     

All‐organic nanocomposites of functionalized polyurethane with enhanced dielectric and electroactive strain behavior

For a dielectric elastomer, increasing its dielectric constant substantially could lead to a high electric field induced strain under a low operation field. In this work, high dielectric constant nanocomposites were developed by chemically bonding copper phthalocyanine oligomer (CuPc), a high dielectric constant organic semiconductor, to polyurethane (PU). Transmission electron microscope‐observed morphologies revealed that the sizes of CuPc particles in a nanocomposite of PU attached with 8.78 vol.% of CuPc were in the range of 10–20 nm, much smaller than the sizes (250–600 nm) in physical blend of PU with the same volume fraction of CuPc. At 100 Hz, the nanocomposite film exhibited a dielectric constant of 391, representing a more than 60 times increase with respect to the neat PU. The enhanced dielectric response in the nanocomposite makes it possible to induce a high electromechanical response. A strain of 17.7% and an elastic energy density of 0.927 J/cm³ were achieved under an electric field of 10 V/µm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of the Different Sr Dopant Contents on NiO Ceramic

Sr - doped NiO ceramic was studied. The effect of composition variation of Ni_(1-x)Sr_xO where x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mole % was prepared by using solid state method. The calcination temperature used at 950 °C for 4 hours and the sintering temperature used at 1200 °C for 3 hours. The results depict the microstructures increase in grains size (0.43 - 3.30 μm) by increase of Sr dopant contents. The density and porosity testing support the result of microstructures analysis. The larger grains size led to increase in density and lower in porosity. The dielectric properties is observed in a wide frequency range of (1 - 1 000 MHz). The increase of dielectric constant is associated with the decrease of dielectric loss. The optimum composition was obtained for the x = 0.03 mole % sample with highest dielectric constant (3.24 x 10³) and lowest dielectric loss (1.42) at 1 MHz.     

Advances in the Study of Gas Hydrates by Dielectric Spectroscopy

The influence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors on the process of natural gas hydrate nucleation was studied using the method of dielectric spectroscopy. The processes of gas hydrate formation and decomposition were monitored using the temperature dependence of the real component of the dielectric constant ε′(T). Analysis of the relaxation times τ and activation energy ΔE of the dielectric relaxation process revealed the inhibitor was involved in hydrogen bonding and the disruption of the local structures of water molecules.