Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured bimetallic films on α-Al2O3 substrates using electroless deposition

The Pt-Pd and Pd-Ag nanostructured bimetallic films on porous α-Al₂O₃ substrates are successfully synthesized by chemical deposition using lyotropic liquid crystalline templating strategy. The co-reduction of two metallic species in the presence of liquid crystalline phase by hydrazine hydrate produces hexagonal nanostructured Pt-Pd and lamellar nanostructured Pd-Ag films. Low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show the ordered nanostructure of both Pt-Pd and Pd-Ag films. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and wide-angle XRD analyses of the bimetallic films have verified the coexistence and uniform distribution of constituent metallic species. By taking into account of catalytic activities, well-defined nanochannels and higher surface areas, the nanostructured bimetallic films might have application potential in microreactors.     

Low-temperature deposition of α-Al2O3 films by laser chemical vapor deposition using a diode laser

We prepared Al₂O₃ films by laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) using a diode laser and aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)₃) precursors and investigated the effects of laser power (P_L), deposition temperature (T_dep), and total pressure (P_tot) in a reaction chamber on the crystal phase, microstructure, and deposition rate (R_dep). An amorphous phase was obtained at P_L = 50 W, whereas an α-phase was obtained at P_L > 100 W. At P_L = 150 and 200 W (1 0 4)- and (0 1 2)-oriented α-Al₂O₃ films were obtained, respectively. The R_dep of α-Al₂O₃ films increases with decreasing P_L and P_tot. Single-phase α-Al₂O₃ film was obtained at T_dep = 928 K, which is about 350 K lower than that obtained by conventional thermal CVD using Al(acac)₃ precursor.     

溶胶-凝胶ZrO2-TiO2高折射率光学膜层的抗激光损伤性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了ZrO₂-TiO₂(Ti含量为0—100mol%)高折射率光学薄膜. 借助激光动态光散射技术研究溶胶微结构. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、原子力显微镜、薄膜光学常数分析仪、漫反射吸收光谱及强激光辐照实验，对膜层的结构、光学性能及抗激光损伤性能进行了系统表征. 结果显示，溶胶-凝胶工艺可以在部分牺牲折射率的情况下，使膜层的抗激光损伤性能得到大幅度提升. 随Ti含量从0mol%增加至100mol%，膜层的平均损伤阈值呈下降趋势，当Ti含量从0mol%增加至60mol%时，平均损伤阈值从57.1J/cm²下降到21.1J/cm²(辐照激光波长为1053nm，脉冲宽度为10ns，“R/1”测试模式)，当Ti含量从60mol%增加至100mol%时，平均损伤阈值变化很小. 综合溶胶微结构、膜层光学性能和损伤实验结果可以推断，强激光诱导多光子吸收是引起膜层损伤的主要原因. 不同配比的复合膜之间光学带隙的显著差异导致相同辐照激光情况下多光子吸收的概率发生变化，从而导致损伤阈值的规律性变化. 关键词： 2-TiO₂薄膜')" href="#">ZrO₂-TiO₂薄膜 溶胶-凝胶 激光诱导损伤 光学带隙     

Surface morphology and luminescence characterization of β-FeSi2 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

β-FeSi₂ thin films were prepared on Si (1 1 1) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with a sintering FeSi₂ target and an electrolytic Fe target. The thin films without micron-size droplets were prepared using the electrolytic Fe target; however, the surface without droplets was remarkably rougher using the Fe target than using the FeSi₂ target. After deposition at 600 °C and then annealing at 900 °C for 20 h, XRD indicated that the thin film prepared using the Fe target had a poly-axis-orientation, but that prepared using the FeSi₂ target had a one-axis-orientation. The PL spectra of the thin films prepared using the FeSi₂ and Fe targets at a growth temperature of 600 °C and subsequently annealed at 900 °C for 20 h had A-, B- and C-bands. Moreover, it was found that the main peak at 0.808 eV (A-band) in the PL spectrum of the thin films prepared using the FeSi₂ target was the intrinsic luminescence of β-FeSi₂ from the dependence of PL peak energy on temperature and excitation power density.     

Adsorption of methyl orange on mesoporous γ-Fe2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites

Mesoporous γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ nanocomposite containing 30 mol% of γ-Fe₂O₃ was prepared by a template-free sol-gel method, and its removal ability for methyl orange (MO) was investigated. The nanocomposite was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption measurements, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and magnetic measurements. The synthesized γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ nanocomposite has a mesoporous structure with an average pore size of 3.5 nm and a specific surface area of 245 m²/g, and it exhibits ferrimagnetic characteristics with the maximum saturation magnetization of 20.9 emu/g. The adsorption of MO on the nanocomposite reaches the maximum adsorbed percentage of ca. 80% within a few minutes, showing that most of MO can be removed in a short time. The MO adsorption data fit well with both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of MO is estimated to be 476 mg/g.     

层间热处理对SiO2/ZrO2双层膜的影响

 以正硅酸乙酯和丙醇锆为前驱体,用溶胶-凝胶法在K9基片上提拉镀制SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜。采用不同实验步骤制备了2个样品,样品1镀完SiO₂后直接镀ZrO₂ ,样品2镀完SiO₂经热处理后再镀ZrO₂。采用原子力显微镜、椭偏仪、紫外-可见分光光度计对薄膜进行表征。针对SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜,考虑到膜间渗透的影响,采用３层Cauchy模型进行椭偏模拟,椭偏参数的模拟值曲线与椭偏仪的测量值曲线十分吻合,进而发现热处理可以使SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜之间的渗透减少近23 nm,从而提高其峰值透射率。利用输出波长1.064 mm,脉宽8.1 ns的激光束对样品进行了损伤阈值的测试,用光学显微镜观察损伤形貌,结果发现两者损伤阈值分别为13.6 J/c2和14.18 J/cm²,均为膜的本征损伤。     

A deep insight into arsenic adsorption over γ-Al2O3 in the presence of SO2/NO

Arsenic is easily evaporated during coal combustion, which not only raises serious environmental concerns but also results in the deactivation of catalyst in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. It is a promising method to use sorbents for the capture of arsenic vapors (As₂O₃(g)) before As-containing flue gas entering SCR catalyst. However, arsenic has a strong affinity with sulfur in coal and SO₂ in the coal combustion flue gas strongly suppresses As₂O₃(g) capture by typical Ca/Fe-based sorbents. This study estimated the selective capture of As₂O₃(g) by γ-Al₂O₃ and the effects of SO₂ and NO on the arsenic adsorption were investigated. The results showed that As₂O₃(g) adsorption over γ-Al₂O₃ was effectively conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 400 °C. In the reacted γ-Al₂O₃, arsenic was predominantly in the form of As³⁺ through reactions with Al-O bonds and positive charged alumina ions. SO₂ was slightly adsorbed on γ-Al₂O₃, which had a limited effect on arsenic adsorption. The adsorption of SO₂ on γ-Al₂O₃ mainly occurred on the sites of hydroxyl groups (Al-OH) and few adsorbed SO₂ was bound with positive charged alumina ions. NO was catalytically oxidized by γ-Al₂O₃ and released as NO₂. Nevertheless, NO competed with As₂O₃(g) to adhere to positive charged alumina ions and strongly suppressed arsenic adsorption over γ-Al₂O₃. Fortunately, in the presence of SO₂, NO was mostly transformed into intermediate (-SO₃NO) at the sites of Al-OH on γ-Al₂O₃. As a result, the adverse effect of NO on the adsorption of As₂O₃(g) was weakened.     

溶胶-凝胶方法制备ZrO2及聚合物掺杂ZrO2单层光学增反射膜

以丙醇锆(Zr(OPr)₄)为原料，乙酸(HAc)为络合剂，聚乙二醇(PEG200)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为大分子添加剂，在乙醇体系中成功合成了ZrO₂及聚合物掺杂ZrO₂溶胶.用旋涂法在K9玻璃基片上制备单层光学增反射膜.借助小角X射线散射和激光动态光散射技术研究胶体的微结构.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、X射线衍射分析、原子力显微镜、紫外/可见/近红外透射光谱以及椭偏仪对薄膜的结构和光学性能进行表征.用输出波长为1064 关键词： 二氧化锆 溶胶-凝胶 增反射膜 激光损伤     

磁控溅射制备Y2O3-TiO2薄膜形貌的研究

室温下采用射频磁控溅射法,在硅衬底上制备了Y₂O₃-TiO₂氧化物复合薄膜.利用XRD(X-ray diffraction)和AFM( atomic force microscopy)分析观察了退火前后样品的物相、形貌等变化,讨论了致密薄膜的生长机理.实验发现,溅射功率越大,薄膜的平整度和致密度越好.对热处理前后样品的结晶结构和表面形貌的分析结果显示,在本实验参数范围内,随着溅射功率的增大,更多的Y₂O_{3关键词： 2}O₃-TiO₂薄膜')" href="#">Y₂O₃-TiO₂薄膜 表面形貌 原子力显微镜 磁控溅射     

Nickel deposition on γ-Al2O3 model catalysts: An experimental and theoretical investigation

Recently, surface modifications on a commercial Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst during the production of methane from synthesis gas were investigated by quasi insitu X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [I. Czekaj, F. Loviat, F. Raimondi, J. Wambach, S. Biollaz, A. Wokaun, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 329 (2007) 68]. The conclusion was that the reactivity and the observed reaction mechanisms on the different Ni particles are influenced directly by both the size and the composition of the particles on the γ-Al₂O₃ support.In this investigation, Ni deposition and cluster growth on model catalyst samples (10 nm thick, polycrystalline γ-Al₂O₃ on Si(100)) were investigated by XPS. Several steps in the binding energy during Ni deposition indicate changes in the cluster growth. The molecular structure of the catalyst was investigated using Density Functional Theory calculations (StoBe) with a cluster model and non-local functional (RPBE) approach. An Al₁₅O₄₀H₃₅ cluster was selected to represent the γ-Al₂O₃(100) surface. Ni clusters of different size were cut from a Ni(100) surface and deposited on the Al₁₅O₄₀H₃₅ cluster in order to validate the deposition model determined by XPS.     

Rheological properties of a γ-Fe2O3 paraffin-based ferrofluid

A stable γ-Fe₂O₃ paraffin-based ferrofluid was prepared via high energy milling. The magnetic particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. The rheological properties of the ferrofluid were studied using a standard rotating rheometer. The magnetoviscous effect and thixotropy in the ferrofluid were studied. The formation and destruction of magnetically induced structures and the interactions of nanoparticles and aggregates are discussed.     

Relaxation structure analysis of Li inserted γ-Fe2O3

γ-Fe₂O₃ has a spinel structure with cation vacancy and is expected to perform as a favorable electrode material for secondary lithium-ion battery. When lithium is inserted electrochemically into γ-Fe₂O₃, prolonged potential change is observed after the insertion. In this study, we inserted various amount of Li into γ-Fe₂O₃ (x = 0.66, 1.1, 1.5 in terms of Li_XFe₂O₃), then made the circuit open, measured X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns at various elapsed time, and analyzed the crystal structure change of γ-Fe₂O₃ with time by the Rietveld method. The X-ray Rietveld analysis revealed that the iron occupancy of 8a site decreased and that of 16c site increased with lithium insertion process and after lithium insertion, the iron occupancy of 8a site increased and that of 16c site decreased gradually with relaxation time. It is indicated that lithium prefer 8a site to occupy kinetically, on the other hand, prefer 16c site thermodynamically.     

Surface reconstruction on stishovite SiO2,HfO2 and rutile TiO2 （001）

This paper systematically investigates the surface reconstruction processes and patterns on stishovite SiO 2,HfO 2 and rutile TiO 2 (001) by using classical molecular dynamics.It is found that these three surfaces relax instead of reconstruction at 0 K,and have little possibility to reconstruct below 40 K.Above 40 K,surface reconstructions take place as collective atomic motion which can be speeded by higher temperature or compressed strain.Several reconstruction patterns with approximate surface energies are found,and electrostatic potentials on them are also provided in comparison with possible microscopic results.     

第2系列ZrO2(Y2O3)薄膜的慢正电子研究

用慢正电子技术研究了在溅射时不加偏压,衬底加热300℃,纯Ar气氛下制备的用Y_{2O3稳定的ZrO2薄膜材料(简称YSZ薄膜),发现了YSZ薄膜在不同 深度处的缺陷分布情况,退火温度对YSZ薄膜缺陷有影响.简要讨论了致密、优质YSZ薄膜的 制备方法.}     

Synthesis and characterization of functionalized core-shell γFe2O3-SiO2 nanoparticles

Amino and/or polyethyleneglycol (PEG) functionalized core-shell γFe₂O₃-SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. Amino-PEG-functionalized core-shell nanoparticles have calibrated sizes and a good colloidal stability. These bi-functionalized core-shell nanoparticles are potentially useful as biocompatible particles for magnetically targeted chemotherapy.     

Influence of hydrothermally modified γ-Al2O3 on the properties of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The influence of hydrothermal modification of γ-Al₂O₃ on the properties of NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that the use of the modified γ-Al₂O₃ in the preparation of the NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst led to the increase of the dispersion of the surface Mo and Ni oxides, favored the formation of the poly-molybdates and promoted the reduction of the active Mo oxides owing to the increase of the surface acidity of the modified γ-Al₂O₃. Therefore, the NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst supported on the modified γ-Al₂O₃ exhibited a higher hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activity than that supported on the untreated γ-Al₂O₃ in the temperature range of 300-340 °C.     

ZrO2/SiO2溶胶-凝胶薄膜膜层间的渗透行为

 分别以丙醇锆和正硅酸乙酯为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了性能稳定的ZrO₂和SiO₂溶胶。用旋转镀膜法在K9玻璃上分别制备了单层SiO₂薄膜、单层ZrO₂薄膜、ZrO₂/ SiO₂双层膜和SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜。采用原子力显微镜观察了薄膜的表面形貌，用椭偏仪测量薄膜的厚度与折射率，用紫外-可见光分光光度计测量了薄膜的透射率。对薄膜的透射光谱和椭偏仪模拟的数据进行分析，发现SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜之间的渗透十分明显，而ZrO₂/SiO₂双层膜之间几乎不发生渗透。利用TFCalc模系设计软件,采用三层膜模型对薄膜的透射率进行模拟，得出的透射曲线与用紫外-可见光分光光度计测量的透射曲线十分符合。     

溶胶凝胶ZrO2/SiO2宽带减反膜的制备与性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备得到以正丙醇锆和正硅酸乙酯为前驱体的ZrO₂和SiO₂溶胶,通过TFCalc光学薄膜软件模拟了ZrO₂/SiO₂三层“宽M型”基频二倍频减反膜,并使用提拉法制备得到了该均匀膜层。三层减反膜在527 nm和1053 nm处的透过率约为99.5%,且透过率大于99%的波长范围均超过150 nm。经热处理后的膜层表面均方根粗糙度为1.34 nm,表面平整性良好;并运用1-on-1激光损伤阈值测试方法测得该减反膜的零几率激光损伤阈值达到36.8 J·cm^-2(1064 nm,10.7 ns)。     

ZrO2/SiO2溶胶-凝胶薄膜膜层间的渗透行为

分别以丙醇锆和正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了性能稳定的ZrO2和SiO2溶胶。用旋转镀膜法在K9玻璃上分别制备了单层SiO2薄膜、单层ZrO2薄膜、ZrO2/ SiO2双层膜和SiO2/ZrO2双层膜。采用原子力显微镜观察了薄膜的表面形貌,用椭偏仪测量薄膜的厚度与折射率,用紫外-可见光分光光度计测量了薄膜的透射率。对薄膜的透射光谱和椭偏仪模拟的数据进行分析,发现SiO2/ZrO2双层膜之间的渗透十分明显,而ZrO2/SiO2双层膜之间几乎不发生渗透。利用TFCalc模系设计软件,采用三层膜模型对薄膜的透射率进行模拟,得出的透射曲线与用紫外-可见光分光光度计测量的透射曲线十分符合。     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of platelet γ-Fe2O3 particles for medical applications using hysteresis-loss heating

Platelet γ-Fe₂O₃ particles of particle size less than 100 nm were prepared for medical applications that use the hysteresis-loss heating of ferromagnetic particles. The γ-Fe₂O₃ particles were obtained through the dehydration, reduction, and oxidation of platelet α-FeOOH particles, which were synthesized by the precipitation of ferric ions in an alkaline solution containing ethanolamine, and the crystals grown using a hydrothermal treatment. The γ-Fe₂O₃ particles contained dimples formed by the dehydration of α-FeOOH particles. The coercive force and the saturation magnetization of the γ-Fe₂O₃ particles were in the ranges 11.9 to 12.7 kA/m (150 to 160 Oe), and 70 to 72 Am²/kg (70 to 72 emu/g), respectively. The specific loss power of the γ-Fe₂O₃ particles, estimated from their temperature-raising property measured under a peak magnetic field of 50.9 kA/m (640 Oe) and at a frequency of 117 kHz, was 590 W/g. This value is higher than that of spherical cobalt-containing iron oxide particles having equivalent coercive force and saturation magnetization, reflecting the larger area of the minor hysteresis loop measured under a peak magnetic field of 50.9 kA/m (640 Oe).