十八烷基二甲基氯化铵水溶液动态表面张力及吸附动力学研究

使用最大气泡法测定了十八烷基二甲基氯化铵（C_(18)DAC）水溶液的动态表 面张力,考察了浓度、温度等对其DST的影响,详细表征了DST随时间的变化过程, 计算了动态表面张力的各种参数（n,t_i,t~*,t_m,R_(1/2)）。结合Word- Tordai方程计算了表观扩散系数（D_a）和吸附势垒（E_a）,对其吸附动力学模式 进行了研究,探讨了DST参数的物理意义。结果表明,t~*值越小,吸附势垒E_a越 大,宏观扩散系数D_a越小,表面活性剂分子越不易吸附在溶液表面;C_(18)DAC低 浓度时吸附属于扩散控制模式,高浓度时属于混合控制模式;高浓度时,在吸附初 期（t → 0）为扩散控制模式,吸附后期（t → ∞）为混合控制模式。     

表面活性剂溶液动态表面张力及吸附动力学研究

本文简介了动态表面张力的定义、测定方法及吸附动力学,对非离子、阴离子、阳离子及两性表面活性剂溶液动态表面张力的研究情况进行了总结,重点讨论了浓度、温度、添加剂及化学结构因素对动态表面张力的影响.     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵及其与CTAB混合物水溶液的吸附动力学

用最大泡压法分别测定了聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵以及两者混合物水溶液的动表面张力。十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的吸附服从扩散-动力学控制机理。发现聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵水溶液的表面张力具有独特的时间相关性。吸附的前期服从扩散控制机理,而在吸附的后期,即接近吸附平衡时服从扩散-动力学控制机理。混合物水溶液的整个吸附过程受扩散控制。     

CTAB水溶液表面的吸附动力学

用最大气泡压力法测定了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液的动态表面张力,研究了CTAB水溶液表面吸附的动力学及其影响因素。结果表明,吸附过程由初始的扩散控制经混合控制过渡到势垒控制。扩散控制吸附速率快,时间短;势垒控制速率慢,时间长,吸附势垒一般为4～10kJ.mol^-^1。温度升高,动态表面张力减小,但吸附机理不变;无机盐或醇类的加入对势垒值影响不大,但对扩散控制步骤的影响较大。     

气-液界面上十六烷基溴化吡啶水溶液动态表面张力的研究

滴体积法测定了十六烷基溴化吡啶溶液的动态表面张力。考察了浓度、温度对动态表面张力的影响。讨论了十六烷基溴化吡啶分子在气／液界面上的吸附动力学,发现吸附遵从扩散-动力学控制机理．从表观扩散系数计算了吸附能垒,分析了吸附能垒存在的原因。     

含氟表面活性剂溶液的动态表面张力研究

本文研究了阳离子氟表面活性剂CF₃CF₂CF₂O(CF(CF₃)CF₂O)₂CF(CF₃)CONH(CH₂)₃N⁺(C₂H₅)₂CH₃I^-(简写FC-4 )的动态表面性质,利用Krüss K12和MBP动态表面张力仪分别测定了该体系的平衡表面张力和动态表面张力。由平衡表面张力测定结果得到了临界胶束浓度和表面吸附量。利用渐进的Ward and Tordai方程对动态数据进行了分析。结果表明：在吸附的最初阶段符合扩散控制模型,而在吸附的后期,证明了吸附势垒的存在,表明在吸附后期属于混合动力学模型。计算得出25 ℃时,该体系势垒约在25到35 kJ/mol. 由于氟表面活性剂分子间作用力小,表面压是导致吸附势垒的主要原因。     

十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵结构修饰及性能研究

以苯胺、十二酸、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺等为原料合成了十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)结构修饰的阳离子表面活性剂(I_(10),I_(12),I_(14),I_(16))。利用~1H-NMR和FT-IR对目标产物结构进行表征。在25℃条件下,分别用电导率法和表面张力法测定目标产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和表面张力(γ)。结果表明,I_(16)的CMC值最小,为4.29×10~(-5) mol·L~(-1),γ_(CMC)值为38.08 mN·m,并计算目标产物在空气-水界面上的饱和吸附量(Γ_(max))、单个吸附分子的最小截面积(A_(min))、降低溶液表面张力的效率(pC_(20))和降低溶液表面张力的能力(π_(CMC))。在25℃条件下,测试了目标产物的泡沫性能和乳化性能。分析结果表明,I_(16)的稳泡性能达到100%,并且乳化能力最好,分出10 mL水的时间为2 505 s。对目标产物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行测试,结果表明I_(12)对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的MIC分别为13.5μg·mL~(-1)和32.5μg·mL~(-1),具有较高的抑菌活性。     

十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的动态表面吸附性质

利用MPTC型气泡压力张仪研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液在不同NaCl 浓度下的动态表面吸附性质, 分析了离子型表面活性剂在表面吸附层和胶束中形成双电层结构产生表面电荷对动态表面扩散过程和胶束性质的影响. 结果表明, SDS在表面吸附过程中, 表面电荷的存在会产生5.5 kJ·mol^-1的吸附势垒(E_a), 显著降低十二烷基硫酸根离子(DS^-)的有效扩散系数(D_eff). 十二烷基硫酸根离子的有效扩散系数与自扩散系数(D)的比值(D_eff/D)仅为0.013, 这表明SDS与非离子型表面活性剂不同, 在吸附初期为混合动力控制吸附机制. 加入NaCl可以降低吸附势垒. 当加入不小于80 mmol·L^-1 NaCl后, E_a小于0.3 kJ·mol^-1, D_eff/D在0.8-1.2之间, 表现出与非离子型表面活性剂相同的扩散控制吸附机制. 同时, 通过分析SDS胶束溶液的动态表面张力获得了表征胶束解体速度的常数(k₂). 发现随着NaCl 浓度的增大, k₂减小, 表明SDS胶束表面电荷的存在会增加十二烷基硫酸根离子间的排斥力, 促进胶束解体.     

双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵水溶液CMC值的测定

采用电导法和荧光法测定了阳离子表面活性剂-双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(DODAC)的临界胶束浓度(CMC), 在温度为14 ℃时, 电导法测得DODAC溶液的临界胶束浓度为5.24×10-5 mol/L, 荧光法测得DODAC溶液的临界胶束浓度为9.67×10-5 mol/L.     

Production of biosurfactants through biodesulfurization of spent engine oil – an experimental study

Spent engine oil, a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, is one of the frequent environmental pollutants. In this paper, biodesulfurization of spent oil using Rhodococcus sp. was studied. Batch studies were conducted varying the oil to aqueous medium ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. The results demonstrated that maximum desulfurization of 80% was obtained at the oil to aqueous phase ratio of 70:30. Kinetic parameters of Monod type growth model, namely, µ_max, maximum specific growth rate and K_s, the half saturation constant were determined by varying the initial sulfur content of spent oil in the range of 0.16–1.05% (w/v). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was done to identify the compounds present in treated and untreated spent engine oil. The surface tension and emulsification indices of both oil and aqueous phases were also determined at different reaction times.     

卤化钠对一种新型阳离子表面活性剂动态表面张力的影响

The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension （DST） of the novel cationic surfactant, 3-（p-nonylphenoxy）-2-hydroxylpropyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, abbreviated as RTAB, were studied. The effect of sodium halide such as NaCl, NaBr and NaI on the DST behavior of the RTAB solution below its CMC was studied in detail. Due to the preferential adsorption, the effect of hydration and salting out, the ability to reduce the DST values at the same concentration was in the order of NaI〉NaBr〉NaCl. Attributed to its high surface activity, the equilibrium time of the DST of the surfactant solution was insensitive to the ionic strength.     

Dynamic surface tension behavior of aqueous solutions ofN-dodecyl-N,N dimethyl aminobetaine chlorohydrate

The adsorption behavior ofN-dodecyl-N,N dimethyl aminobetaine chlorohydrate (DDAB·HCl) at the air/aqueous interface was studied for solutions in pure water and phosphate buffer (pH=7.4). The equilibrium surface tension versus concentration curves were used to estimate the equilibrium adsorption parameters and CMCs. The buffer solution has a lower CMC and shows higher surface activity below the CMC than the pure water solution. Data and calculations of the dynamic tension behavior at constant-area conditions showed that the adsorption processes of DDAB·HCl solutions are about 10 to 300 times slower than those predicted by a diffusion-controlled model. A mixed kinetics adsorption model with a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic equation, which considers an activation energy barrier for adsorption, was applied to find the kinetic adsorption parameters. The dynamic tension behavior at pulsating-area conditions with large amplitude was also examined for frequencies up to 90 cycles/min. The tension amplitude responses depended strongly on the concentration and frequency. Comparisons of diffusion-controlled model predictions and pulsating area tension data confirmed the need to use a mixed kinetics model. The latter model can improve the fit over the diffusion-controlled model, but it does not quantitatively match the observed tensions.     

Effect of surfactant structure on the adsorption of carboxybetaines at the air–water interface

In order to study the effect of charge on the adsorption of surfactants at the air–water interface, two carboxybetaines have been synthesized with different number of separation methylenes between their charged groups. After purification and structure confirmation, the equilibrium and dynamic surface tensions were measured as a function of surfactant concentration for both the cationic and neutral forms of the surfactant molecules. The effect of ionic strength on the adsorption process was also studied. The equilibrium surface tension values were interpreted according to the Langmuir model and the dynamic surface tension data, converted to surface concentration by the Langmuir parameters, are consistent with the assumption of diffusion control over the range of surfactant concentrations studied. The diffusion coefficients show a progressive decrease in the rate of adsorption when the number of methylene units between the betaine charged groups increase.     

Obtaining surface tension from contact angle data by the individual representation approach

Young equation is the fundamental equation of wetting theory in which the connection among the surface tensions, \(\gamma _{{\varphi \psi }} \) and the contact angle, θ _L, are given. The surface tension of solid surfaces, however, cannot be obtained directly from the Young equation. In this paper, the application of the individual representation theory is demonstrated for the determination of surface tensions of solids (or any phase pair) using experimentally obtained contact angle data. According to this approach, the state of the interfacial layers depends upon, by definition, the properties of the bulk phases in every heterogeneous system, and thus, it complements the traditional capillary theory.     

Dynamic Surface Tension and Adsorption Mechanism of Surfactant Benzyltrimethylammonium Bromide at the Air/Water Interface

The air‐solution equilibrium tension, γ_c and dynamic surface tension, γ_t, of aqueous solutions of a novel ionic surfactant benzyltrimethylammonium bromide (BTAB) were measured by Wilhelmy method and Maximum bubble pressure method (MBPM), respectively. Adsorption equilibrium and mechanism of BTAB at the air‐solution interface were studied. The CMC was determined to be 0.11 mol/L. The results show that at the start, the adsorption process is controlled by a diffusion step. Toward the end, it changes to a mixed kinetic‐diffusion controlled mechanism with the adsorption activation energy of about 11.0 KJ/mol. Effects of temperature, inorganic salts, and alcohols on adsorption kinetics also are discussed.