Material instabilities of anisotropic saturated multiphase porous media

This paper analyses the material instability of fully saturated multiphase porous media. On account of the fact that anisotropic mechanical behaviours are widely observed in saturated and partially saturated geomaterials, the anisotropic constitutive model developed by Rudnicki for geomaterials is used to model the anisotropic mechanical behaviour of the solid skeleton of saturated porous geomaterials in axisymmetric compression test. The inertial coupling effect between solid skeleton and pore fluid is also taken into account in dynamic cases. Conditions for static instability (strain localisation) and dynamic instability (stationary discontinuity and flutter instability) of fully saturated porous media are derived. The critical modulus, shear band angle for strain localisation, and the bound within which flutter instability may occur are given in explicit forms. The effects of material parameters on material instability are investigated in detail by numerical computations.     

Perturbation growth and localization in fluid-saturated inelastic porous media under quasi-static loadings

Instabilities in inelastic saturated porous media are investigated here for general three-dimensional states under quasi-static loadings using a perturbation approach and focussing in particular on the two limiting cases of the onset of growth and of blowing up of perturbations.For associative flow rules for the skeleton, both onset of growth and blowing up of perturbations depend only on the underlying drained properties. Unbounded growth is obtained when the condition of localization for the underlying drained deformation (singularity of the drained acoustic tensor) is approached or just passed. Onset of growth has always a divergence growth character and critical conditions are always associated to the shortwavelength regime leading to the fact that the failure mode is expected to be a localized one.For non-associative behaviour of the skeleton we show in contrast that the onset of growth and unbounded growth may be defined either by the drained or undrained properties. One or the other depends on the details of the constitutive behaviour but also on the type of loadings. In particular, unbounded growth occurs when either the condition of localization under drained or undrained conditions is first passed. Transition from decaying to growing behaviour may have a divergence character or flutter-type character. Here the critical conditions are associated either to the shortwavelength or to the longwavelength regimes and therefore the failure mode may be localized or diffuse.The hierarchy between criticality of drained and undrained properties is analysed for a general class of constitutive equations and the results are fully and explicitly illustrated for saturated porous media with skeleton obeying Drucker-Prager like constitutive model.     

INSTABILITY AND DISPERSIVITY OF WAVE PROPAGATION ININELASTIC SATURATED/UNSATURATED POROUS MEDIA

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａｏｆｄｙｎａｍｉｃｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｎｎｅｒｓｔｏｔｒｅａｔｔｈｅｍａｒｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｅｘｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎ .Ｏｎｅｍａｙｏｍｉｔｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｎｇｗａｖｅｓｉｆｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｌｏｗｅｒｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｅｓｇｏｖｅｒｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｓｕｃｈａｓｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓａｎｄｒｅｓｐｏｎ…     

Thawing in saturated porous media

A mathematical model for thawing in a saturated porous medium is considered. The well-posedness of the corresponding mathematical problem is proved and similarity solutions are found.

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Sommario Si considera un modello matematico per to scongelamento in un mezzo poroso saturo. Viene dimostrata la buona posizione del corrispondente problema matematico e si trovano soluzioni di similarità.

     

Linear dynamic model for porous media saturated by two immiscible fluids

A linear isothermal dynamic model for a porous medium saturated by two immiscible fluids is developed in the paper. In contrast to the mixture theory, phase separation is avoided by introducing one energy for the porous medium. It is an important advantage of the model based on one energy approach that it can account for the couplings between the phases. The volume fraction of each phase is characterized by the porosity of the porous medium and the saturation of the wetting phase. The mass and momentum balance equations are constructed according to the generalized mixture theory. Constitutive relations for the stress, pore pressure are derived from the free energy function. A capillary pressure relaxation model characterizing one attenuation mechanism of the two-fluid saturated porous medium is introduced under the constraint of the entropy inequality. In order to describe the momentum interaction between the fluids and the solid, a frequency independent drag force model is introduced. The details of parameter estimation are discussed in the paper. It is demonstrated that all the material parameters in our model can be calculated by the phenomenological parameters, which are measurable. The equations of motion in the frequency domain are obtained in terms of the Fourier transformation. In terms of the equations of motion in the frequency domain, the wave velocities and the attenuations for three P waves and one S wave are calculated. The influences of the capillary pressure relaxation coefficient and the saturation of the wetting phase on the velocities and attenuation coefficients for the four wave modes are discussed in the numerical examples.     

Waves in partially saturated porous media

The propagation of compressional waves in a porous medium is investigated in case the pore liquid contains a small volume fraction of gas. The effect of oscillating gas bubbles is taken into account by introducing a frequency-dependent fluid bulk modulus, which is incorporated in the Biot theory. Using a shock tube technique, new experimental data are obtained for a porous column subjected to a pressure step wave. An oscillatory behaviour is observed, consisting of two distinct frequency bands, which is predicted by the theoretical analysis.     

Linear waves in saturated porous media

The peculiarity of linear and nonlinear wave propagation in porous media saturated with liquid or gas has been investigated by the methods of multiphase media mechanics. It has been shown that for the analysis and interpretation of experimental data, it is expedient to build models taking into account the nonstationary powers of interaction between the solid and liquid phases and the viscouselastic behaviour of the porous media skeleton. Inertia and inertia-viscous powers principally influence wave attentuation in porous media. Two interphase mechanisms of momentum transfer (two stress tensors — in the solid phase and liquid) lead to two types of waves. Attenuation is determined not only by interphase friction, but also by dissipation resulting from intergrain friction in the solid phase, the influence of which multiplexly exceeds the liquid viscosity influence. The real decrement of attenuation may exceed the sphere restricted by the limiting curves corresponding to the frozen and equilibrium schemes of intergrain deformation. The attenuation of momentum perturbation has been studied. The method of discrete Fourier transform has been used. The analysis of experimental data contained in the literature and their comparison with the results of calculations has been carried out.     

Shock waves in saturated thermoelastic porous media

The objective of this paper is to develop and present the macroscopic motion equations for the fluid and the solid matrix, in the case of a saturated porous medium, in the form of coupled, nonlinear wave equations for the fluid and solid velocities. The nonlinearity in the equations enables the generation of shock waves. The complete set of equations required for determining phase velocities in the case of a thermoelastic solid matrix, includes also the energy balance equation for the porous medium as a whole, as well as mass balance equations for the two phase. In the special case of a rigid solid matrix, the wave after an abrupt change in pressure propagates only through the fluid.     

Nonstationary filtration in partially saturated porous media

From the mathematical formulation of a one-dimensional flow through a partially saturated porous medium, we arrive at a nonlinear free boundary problem, the boundary being between the saturated and the unsaturated regions in the medium. In particular we obtain an equation which is parabolic in the unsaturated part of the domain and elliptic in the saturated part.Existence, uniqueness, a maximum principle and regularity properties are proved for weak solutions of a Cauchy-Dirichlet problem in the cylinder {(x,t): 0x1, t0} and the nature, in particular the regularity, of the free boundary is discussed.Finally, it is shown that solutions of a large class of Cauchy-Dirichlet problems converge towards a stationary solution as t and estimates are given for the rate of convergence.     

荷载作用下多孔饱和地基的热-水-力耦合动力响应分析

基于广义热弹性理论,结合达西定律,对Biot波动方程进行修正,研究了一个受到荷载作用的多孔饱和地基的热-水-力多场耦合动态响应问题。建立了多孔饱和地基在荷载作用下的热-水-力耦合模型及控制方程,该模型可退化为热弹性耦合模型。采用正则模态法求解,得到了问题的解析解,讨论了热-水-力耦合模型和热弹性耦合模型的区别,分析了荷载频率变化对地基中各物理量的影响。最终给出了无量纲的竖向位移、超孔隙水压力、竖向应力和温度等物理量的分布规律。     

Models and problems for saturated porous media

A multiphase model of a liquid- and gas-saturated porous medium is proposed. The model takes into account the finite deformations of a skeleton, arbitrary flows of liquids and gases, and the phase mass transfer between the skeleton and the liquids. Some basic relations are given for the corresponding boundary value problems in the cases of arbitrary and small motions. The constitutive relations describing the properties of the skeleton resistance to deformation (skeleton stresses) and the mutual resistance of components (internal interaction) are considered in detail. The internal actions exerted on the skeleton by a moving liquid (gas) are discussed when these actions may take the form of drag forces, lift (displacing) forces, overturning moments, and rotational (screw) moments.     

Fundamentals of thermomechanics of porous saturated media

Institute of Mechanics, Academy, of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 3–13, April, 1988.     

横观各向同性饱和介质非轴对称动力响应分离变量解Separation of variables solution of non-axisymmetrical dynamic response of transversely isotropic saturated porous media

首先将横观各向同性饱和弹性多孔介质非轴对称问题的Bio t波动方程,变换为适宜于进行分离变量法求解的形式;然后在非轴对称简谐激励下,用分离变量法得到Bio t方程的一般解,即用分离变量法求得了多孔介质位移和应力分量的解析表达式;并给出了半空间横观各向同性饱和弹性多孔介质在表面竖向简谐荷载作用下表面竖向位移的数值分析结果,得出载荷对30倍受载半径以外的区域几乎无影响的结论。同时表明了本文的分析方法是切实可行的。     

Gradient-dependent plasticity model and dynamic strain localisation analysis of saturated and partially saturated porous media: one dimensional model

Dynamic strain localisation in saturated and partially saturated porous media is investigated with a one-dimensional model in this paper. The porous medium is treated as a multiphase continuum, with the pores filled by water and air, this last one at atmospheric pressure. A gradient-dependent plasticity model is introduced to describe the plastic behaviour of the solid skeleton. Material instability due to the softening behaviour of the solid skeleton and the well-posedness of the initial value problem are studied. The advantages of the enhanced model are that the governing equations remain hyperbolic even in the softening regime and convergent solutions with mesh refinements are obtained. Moreover, the influence of permeability in the seepage process for the development of the localised zones is discussed. We find that the permeability plays an important part in the compressive wave propagation, but not in the shear wave cases. For numerical implementation of the present method, a parametric variational principle is introduced by which the original problem is reduced to a standard linear complementary problem in mathematical programming. The results of a one dimensional example are given to illustrate the efficiency of the techniques presented here.     

流体饱和多孔介质黏弹性动力人工边界

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质本构方程,分别考察具有辐射阻尼性质的外行柱面波和球 面波在圆柱面和球面人工边界上引起的法向、切向应力的表达式. 在应力表达形式上,固相 介质和孔隙流体的法向和切向应力都是由两项组成,它们分别与质点的位移和速度成正比, 因此,可在人工边界的法向和切向设置连续分布的并联弹簧------黏滞阻尼器,用来模拟人工边 界以外的无限域介质对来自有限计算域的外行波动的能量吸收作用,从而形成了流体饱和多 孔介质的黏弹性动力人工边界. 流体饱和多孔介质的黏弹性动力人工边界可方便地与大型通 用软件结合,用于分析饱和土中复杂的结构-地基动力相互作用问题. 算例表明流体饱和多 孔介质黏弹性动力人工边界具有较好的精度和稳定性.     

On the propagation of pressure waves in saturated porous media

The problem of the propagation of pressure waves through compressible porous media saturated with a slightly compressible fluid is considered. By using Darcy's law the problem is reduced to a mixed initial-boundary value problem for an equation of the heat conduction type with a nonlinear term. The method of quasi-characteristics is used to solve this equation numerically. Solutions of the wave propagation problem for media with different permeability coefficients are presented. A solution of the inverse problem of determining the permeability coefficient using wave-pulse test data is constructed on the basis of a set of solutions of the direct problem.Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 6, pp. 81–84, November–December, 1996.     

饱和多孔介质动力学大变形分析耦合对流粒子域插值方法

提出了饱和多孔介质大变形动力学响应分析的耦合对流粒子域插值方法(Coupling convectedparticle domain interpolation method,CCPDI)。采用u-p形式的控制方程和超弹性材料本构关系对具有饱和多孔特性的介质进行了大变形动力学模拟,建立了耦合对流粒子域插值方法的弱形式离散求解方程并给出了该方法的计算流程。通过数值算例,验证了所提出的耦合对流粒子域插值方法的正确性。本文工作为生物软组织、肌肉、骨骼和其它一些具有饱和多孔特性的软物质的几何非线性动力学行为分析奠定了基础。