纳米金颗粒/麦尔多拉蓝溶胶的合成及NADH传感器应用

1引言脱氢酶是氧化还原酶中为数最多的一类酶,目前已知超过300种脱氢酶使用氧化型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)作为辅酶。在这些酶和辅酶协同作用催化底物时,NAD+从底物接受电子被还原成还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷     

基于碳纳米管修饰电极的脱氢酶传感器研究进展

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+/NADH)是目前已知300多种脱氢酶的辅酶,通过对NADH的检测,可以间接测定底物浓度或酶活力。如何利用电化学技术实现NADH的准确、快速、稳定检测,一直是电化学及生物传感领域的重要课题。碳纳米管(CNT)的发现为NADH的电化学检测注入新的生机。本文综述了近年来碳纳米管修饰电极在NADH电化学检测及脱氢酶生物传感器构建中的应用进展,并展望了其应用前景。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时快速测定细胞中的4种吡啶核苷酸辅酶

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定细胞内4种吡啶核苷酸辅酶(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADP+)以及它们的还原态(NADH和NADPH))的方法.样品经甲醇低温快速提取后,在新型混合模式Atlantis PREMIER BEH C18 AX色谱柱上分离,10 mmol/L甲酸铵...     

NAD-硅胶亲和色谱固定相的合成和在核苷酸及其碱基分析中的应用

ＮＡＤ－硅胶亲和色谱固定相的合成和在核苷酸及其碱基分析中的应用于世林,苗凤琴,杨朝霞,冯茹（北京化工大学应用化学系,北京,１０００２９）关键词烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（ＮＡＤ）,亲和色谱,核苷酸烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（ＮＡＤ,辅酶Ⅰ）是多种脱氢酶的辅酶,通...     

纳米ZnO修饰电极上低电位检测烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸和乙醇

纳米ZnO修饰玻碳电极在0.23 V对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的氧化具有很好的催化活性, 与裸电极上NADH的氧化电位0.70 V相比, 该电位降低了0.47 V, 同时增强了抗干扰能力, 并在很大程度上减小了电极污染. 以乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)为例, 制备了ADH/ZnO修饰电极, 可用于脱氢酶底物乙醇的快速、灵敏检测, 并具有良好的重现性和稳定性. 研究表明纳米ZnO为构建脱氢酶底物的电化学传感器提供了一种新的生物兼容性材料.     

烟酰胺辅酶结构及反应机理若干物理有机化学问题

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷三磷酸(烟酰胺辅酶NAD(P)H)是生命体内最重要的一种氧化还原酶(即氢转移酶)的辅酶,在生命体内直接担负着转移或传递负氢离子和电子给底物分子的职能.因此,烟酰胺辅酶一直是生物学家们和化学家们十分关注的一个明星分子.     

生物氧化还原反应中的立体化学问题

本文在具体介绍了立体化学中对映和非对映配位体及面的基础上阐述了生物体系中在辅酶——烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸作用下所进行的立体专一性的氧化还原反应。并具体分析了Krebs三羧酸循环中的立体化学问题。     

对硝基苯甲酰甲苯胺蓝修饰碳糊电极检测还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸

1　引　　言还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (ＮＡＤＨ)是参与酸催化反应中的一种重要辅酶 ,大约有 2 5 0多种脱氢酸催化底物反应后 ,引起ＮＡＤＨ含量的变化 ,通过对ＮＡＤＨ的检测 ,可以间接测定底物浓度或酶活力。因此检测ＮＡＤＨ是电化学生物传感器研究中一个重要课题 ,由于ＮＡＤＨ在电极上的氧化有较大的过电位 ,如果在高电位检测会产生较大的背景电流 ,干扰测定。采用电子媒介体修饰电极 ,在低电位下催化ＮＡＤＨ氧化已有报道。吩噻嗪类染料甲苯胺蓝 (ＴＢＯ)就是其中一种电子媒介体用于ＮＡＤＨ的电催化氧化 ,但由于水溶性大且与ＮＡ…     

几种辅酶模型化合物的研究

本文简要介绍了四氢叶酸、烟酰胺二核苷酸和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸、黄素单核苷酸和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸、生物素、硫胺素焦磷酸以及磷酸吡哆醛和磷酸吡哆胺等辅酶的生物化学;对与它们有关的仿生化学研究进行了评述,包括辅酶模型化合物的仿生有机合成和有关的机理研究。     

纳米ZnO修饰电极上低电位检测酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸和乙醇

纳米ZnO修饰玻碳电极在0．23V对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）的氧化具有很好的催化活性,与裸电极上NADH的氧化电位0．70V相比,该电位降低了0．47V,同时增强了抗干扰能力,并在很大程度上减小了电极污染．以乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）为例,制备了ADH／ZnO修饰电极,可用于脱氢酶底物乙醇的快速、灵敏检测,并具有良好的重现性和稳定性．研究表明纳米ZnO为构建脱氢酶底物的电化学传感器提供了一种新的生物兼容性材料．     

Indirect electrochemical reduction of nicotinamide coenzymes

Nicotinamide coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)) were electrochemically reduced to NADH and NADPH, respectively. As direct reduction of nicotinamide coenzymes leads to inactive by-products, an indirect method using (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-2,2'-bipyridine aqua) rhodium (III) as the mediator, was applied. A phosphate buffer solution, pH 8, with 1-10 mM NAD(P)(+) and 2.5-200 microM mediator, was pumped through a glassy carbon packed bed cathode. Virtually all the NAD(P)(+) was reduced to NAD(P)H in the cell. No sign of mediator loss due to side-reactions was detected though the mediator molecules shuttled hundreds of times between the oxidised and the reduced form. Adsorption of mediator molecules on the surface of the carbon cathode was found to be important for the reduction process. Due to strong adsorption, only minute amounts of mediator were consumed.     

Molecular orbital study on the active center of lactate dehydrogenase

In the active site of lactate dehydrogenase important roles are given to aminoacids His195 and Arg171. The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is required in oxidized form (NAD⁺) for the enzymatic oxidation of the substrate L-lactate. Molecular orbital methods CNDO /2, INDO , and EHT were applied to the study of the model of active center of lactate dehydrogenase. An energetically preferred arrangement of the models of His195, Arg171, NAD⁺, and lactate was found. Possible biochemical aspects of these arrangements are discussed.     

硫堇-甲苯二异氰酸酯衍生物修饰的玻碳基乙醇传感器的研究

硫堇－甲苯二异氰酸酯衍生物修饰的玻碳基乙醇传感器的研究俞爱民,韩吉林,杨可盛,陈洪渊（南京大学化学系,南京,２１００９３）关键词硫堇－ＴＤＩ衍生物,ＮＡＤ~＋,ＡＤＨ,乙醇传感器经典的测定乙醇含量的方法有气相色谱法［１］、分光光度法［２］．近年来,随?..     

Adsorption behavior of dinucleotides on bare and ru-modified glassy carbon electrode surfaces

The interactive behavior of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) with a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a Ru-modified GCE was investigated. The reduction of FAD at a GCE/ruthenium-modified GCE surface is a quasi-reversible, surface-controlled process, and our data implied that the attachment of FAD onto the surface is caused by nonspecific adsorption instead of covalent linkage, in which the adenine ring of FAD adopts a flat orientation on the GCE surface in neutral and dilute solutions in order to maximize the pi-pi stacking with the carbon surface and reorients to a perpendicular orientation as the surface gets more crowded. FAD desorption during the exchange with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one order of magnitude slower than desorption in the absence of NAD+, which indicates a strong interaction between FAD and NAD+. General knowledge of the interactive behavior of NAD+ on a FAD-adsorbed GCE provides useful information for the design of a modified electrode surface for the generation of NADH from NAD+.     

2-硝基-2-亚硝基丙烷氧化1,4-二氢Hantzsch酯衍生物的反应机理

4位取代的Hantzsch酯(HEH)衍生物在2-硝基-2-亚硝基丙烷的氧化下生成相应的吡啶类化合物. 将N-氘代1,4-二氢Hantzsch酯(N-d-HEH)和4,4'-双氘代1,4-二氢Hantzsch酯(4,4'-2d-HEH)分别代替HEH与2-硝基-2-亚硝基丙烷反应, 得到的同位素效应常数分别为1.03(k_N-H/k_N-D)和1.78(k_C4-H/k_C4-D), 表明1,4-二氢Hantzsch酯中4位上氢原子所涉及的C4-H键的断裂发生在反应的决速步骤中或在决速步骤之前, 而1位上氢原子所涉及键的断裂则不在决速步骤中. 由4位取代的HEH酯衍生物的氧化电位与2-硝基-2-亚硝基丙烷的还原电位可在热力学上判断该反应不是由电子转移引发的. 向反应体系中加入单电子转移抑制剂对二硝基苯, 反应未受到明显抑制, 进一步证明了上述推断. 据此推测, 反应可能是通过NO⁺直接对HEH酯上氮原子的亲电历程引发的.     

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: beyond a redox coenzyme

ADP-ribosylation using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important type of enzymatic reaction that affects many biological processes. A brief introductory review is given here to various ADP-ribosyltransferases, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs), mono(ADP-ribosyl)-transferases (ARTs), NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases (sirtuins), tRNA 2'-phosphotransferases, and ADP-ribosyl cyclases (CD38 and CD157). Focus is given to the enzymatic reactions, mechanisms, structures, and biological functions.     

Artificial electron carriers for photoenzymatic synthesis under visible light

NAD analogues can be employed as artificial electron carriers for photoenzymatic synthesis under visible light. Four different NAD analogues that have a 3-substituted pyridine ring have been investigated. 3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide and 3-pyridinealdehyde adenine dinucleotide were photochemically reduced much more efficiently than NAD, while their reduced products showed coenzyme activity comparable to natural NAD.     

利用人工氧还酶体系催化L-苹果酸氧化脱羧反应

利用含人工氧还酶体系的粗酶液代替纯酶催化反应,以省去酶分离纯化过程.由苹果酸酶突变体ME-t(MEL310R/Q401C)和非天然辅酶烟酰胺5-氟胞嘧啶二核苷酸(NFCD+)组成的人工氧还酶体系可以催化氧化L-苹果酸生成丙酮酸,并得到非天然辅酶的还原态(NFCDH).利用含人工氧还酶体系的粗酶液催化反应,只得到单一产物丙酮酸,其选择性与纯酶催化的相同.来自粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis的NADH氧化酶(NOX)可再生NFCD+.与含NAD+,ME粗酶液和NOX粗酶液的偶联反应体系相比,含NFCD+,ME-t粗酶液和NOX粗酶液的体系获得的丙酮酸产率高9%,而副产物乳酸明显减少.可见人工氧还酶体系使用更方便,且产物选择性更高,有望代替纯酶催化反应.这为降低生物催化剂的成本,扩大生物催化反应的应用提供了一种新的策略.     

Synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Analogues with a Sugar Modified Nicotinamide Moiety

The synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) analogues in which the ribose unit of the nicotinamide moiety is replaced by a hexitol, altritol, and cyclohexenyl sugar mimic is described.     

Preparation of an Electrode That Immobilizes NAD‐Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase by Using a Redox Polymer Containing 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione

A redox polymer (PAHA‐Ru), modified electrode exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). PAHA‐Ru was composed of carboxyl groups and ruthenium complexes containing 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione (phen‐dione). The stability of the PAHA‐Ru film was increased by incorporating poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) owing to the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex between the PAHA‐Ru and PDDA. The catalytic efficiency of the oxidation of NADH using the PAHA‐Ru/PDDA‐modified electrode was also greater than that using a PAHA‐Ru‐modified electrode. NAD‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was entrapped in the PAHA‐Ru/PDDA film on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. Electrochemical oxidation of ethanol using the ADH‐entrapped electrode was also observed.