N,N-二仲辛基乙酰胺反相纸层析分离Ru-Os、Rh-Ir、Pd-Pt等金属离子及其R_f图谱

N,N-二仲辛基乙酰胺(DOAA),又名N-503,它对金属离子有一定的萃取能力。例如:N-取代酰胺曾用来萃取铀、锕系元素等,李树森等用DOAA萃取分离铌、钽,取得很好的效果,目前DOAA是一种广泛使用的废水脱酚剂。根据我们以前的工作认为反相纸层析对金属离子的滞留机理为分配机理。反相纸层析与萃取是在相同的机理下的两种不同操作技术。关于纸层析所得的比移值(R_f)与分配系数(D)可建立起如下     

用反相纸层析研究二(2-乙基己基)磷酸萃取稀土、铀(Ⅵ)、铜、钙、锌等离子的萃取机理

在前文中曾用反相纸层析研究了中性萃取剂磷酸三丁酯萃取铀酰离子的机理,并指出在纸上存在高沸点溶剂时可以测得准确的结果.现用酸性萃取剂二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP)作为固定相进行反相纸层析.     

α-正十二烷硫基乙酸乙酯的反相纸层析R_f图谱及其对钯的萃取

本文研究了α-正十二烷硫基乙酸乙酯在盐酸和硝酸体系中的R_f图谱,对四十多种金属离子进行反相纸层析,初步确定对钯具有优异的萃取性能,并用液-液萃取法研究了稀释剂和酸度对萃取钯的影响,测定了萃取络合物的组成为PdCl_2·2ELTA,探讨了萃取机理。     

贵金属和硒、碲的反相纸色层分离

近年来反相纸上色层的技术有不少研究,其中似尚缺贵金属和硒、碲的反相纸上色层分离。因此,本工作试图用国产滤纸以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为固定相,不同浓度的盐酸、硝酸和高氯酸为流动相,寻找贵金属和硒、碲的移动行为,从而找出它们彼此分离的可能性。试验结果表明,三、四种贵金属的混合物能满意分离;硒和碲在一定条件下亦能完善的分离,并着重研究影响硒、碲分离的因素,其分离效果并不次于一般多粗份流动相的正相纸色层。     

铼、钒、钼、钨的反相纸上层析

关于钒、钼和钨的纸上层析已有不少报导,但很少涉及铼。胡之德等亦曾研究了钒、钼和钨在TBP-HNO_3体系中的反相纸上层析,也未涉及铼的分离。鉴于硫氰化铵能与上述四种离子形成络合物,并用于萃取分离和比色测定。故我们采用TBP-HNO_3-NH_4CNS体系进行反相纸上层析,得到满意结果。实验部分 (一)试剂和仪器磷酸三丁酯(TBP):E.Merck厂分析试剂。使用时按下述方法提纯: 在一升圆底烧瓶中,加入100毫升TBP及500毫升0.4％氢氧化钠水溶液,然后通入水蒸气蒸馏,直至蒸出200毫升蒸馏液为止。分出烧瓶中的TBP层,用蒸馏水洗至中性。测其折射率为1.42240~(25)。     

釩、钼和鎢的反相紙上色层分离

本文以国产撫順东捷造纸厂“白雪”牌定性滤纸,用反相纸上层析的技术来分离和检定釩、钼和鎢。用30％磷酸三丁酯-苯溶液涂于滤纸上,以硝酸为流动相,发現能在大于3N的硝酸展开剂中,使釩、钼和鎢彼此很好的分离和检定。同时提出了用卒可宁来消除鎢的拖尾現象的方法。     

反相纸层析与液液萃取

本文探讨了反相纸层析与液液萃取的关系,首先对Cerrai,E.提出的萃取色层两种滞留机制的理论,即离子交换与分配机制,提出不同的看法。认为q=1的现象是As变化的结果而与机制无关。本文认为当固定相为液体或溶液时,反相纸层析与液液萃取一样属于分配机制。这样反相纸层析对萃取工作可以提供有益的信息,它的R_f图谱可以作为一种简便地、快速地筛选萃取剂的工具。此外选择适当的条件,它还可以用来研究萃取机理。     

稳定自由基配合剂黄原酸钾与铜(Ⅱ)的配合作用

电子自旋共振(ESR)广泛用于研究顺磁性金属离子,但对反磁性离子却无能为力。晚近有人用稳定自由基配合剂与ESR相结合的方法测定反磁金属离子。稳定自由基配合剂是一种既带有能与金属离子键合的配合基团,又带有稳定自由基的试剂,因此它既能与顺磁性金属离子,也能与反磁性金属离子配合。只要使配合物与过剩试剂分离,就可以从配合物中自由基的ESR信号强度求出金属离子的浓度。由于自由基的ESR谱灵敏度很高,目     

二-对异丙基亚砜的合成及用纸色谱法研究其萃取和分离性能

用Friedel-Crafts反应合成了二-对异丙笨亚砜,确定了它的组成和结构,测试了近紫外吸收光谱、薄层色谱行为。用反相纸色谱法在HCl和HNO₃中观察了它对40余种离子的革取能力,并在纸上分离了Au-Pd、Au-Ag、Au-Pt、Au-Tl、Os-Ru、Os-Ir、Zr-Hf、Mo-W等离子对。     

Luminol-KIO4-Triton X-100一Ru(Ⅳ)化学发光体系的研究及Au-Os-Ru中微量Ru的测定

本文首次用TritonX-100敏化Luminol-KIO₄-Ru(Ⅳ)发光体系,配合反相纸色谱法(PTSO为固定相)分离,化学发光法测定了Au-Os-Ru混合液中微量Ru,使Ru(Ⅳ)的检出限降至3.9×10^-4μg/mL,比文献^[1.2]值降低了近一个数量级。回收率可达95%～106%。     

锡(Ⅳ)、钯(Ⅱ)、金(Ⅲ)与二(2-乙基己基)亚砜配合物的研究

合成了长碳链的二(2-乙基己基)亚砜与锡(Ⅳ)、钯(Ⅱ)、金(Ⅲ)的配合物,通过组成分析、摩尔电导的测定及红外、紫外图谱的研究,确定了配合物的组成,推断了配合物的结构。     

Di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfoxide as an extractant for plutonium(IV) from nitric acid medium

The liquid-liquid extraction behavior of plutonium(IV) from aqueous nitric acid media into n-dodecane by di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfoxide (DEHSO) was investigated over a wide range of conditions. Optimum-parameters such as the aqueous phase acidity, reagent and metal concentrations, etc., were established for efficient extraction-separation of tracer as well as macro levels of plutonium. It was found that the extraction increased with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 6M HNO₃ and then decreased. Extraction also increased with increasing extractant concentration. After loading of the organic phase with 2 to 50 mg/ml of U(VI), extractability of Pu(IV) became considerably lower. Recovery of Pu(IV) from the organic phase was accomplished using dilute uranium(IV) nitrate as the strippant.     

二(2—乙基己基)亚砜萃取钯(Ⅱ)的机理及萃合物的组成和结构

考察了低酸度下二(2—乙基己基)亚砜(DEHSO)萃取钯(Ⅱ)的机理。研究了H~+、Cl~-和温度对分配比的影响。萃取剂浓度较高时([DEHSO](o):[Pd~(2+)]>2:1)反应为 萃取剂浓度较低时,反应为 用斜率法、Asmus法、饱和法、固态萃合物的组成分析及红外图谱确定了萃合物的组成和结构。     

Extraction of U(VI), Th(IV) and some fission products from nitric acid medium by sulfoxides and effect of γ-irradiation on the extraction

The extracting abilities for thorium, uranium and some fission products by five sulfoxides are given. The results show that di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide (DEHSO) is not only completely miscible with kerosene, but also superior to tri-n-butyl phosphate in some properties. The extraction behavior of uranium, thorium and some fission products such as zirconium, niobium and ruthenium from aqueous nitric acid with DEHSO in kerosene has been studied over a wide range of conditions. DEHSO extracted uranium and fission products better than TBP under all conditions and is similar to TBP in extraction of thorium. A study of extraction mechanism indicates that U and Th are extracted as disolvates, whereas HNO₃ is extracted as monosolvate. Extraction of the two actinides decreases with increasing temperature, indicating the extraction to be exothermic. Preliminary studies show that -ray irradiated DEHSO extracts Zr and Nb to a smaller extent than irradiated TBP in the range of 10⁴–10⁷ rad.     

Determination of metallic iron, iron(II) oxide, and iron(III) oxide in a mixture

A procedure is described for the estimation of metallic iron, ferrous oxide, and ferric oxide when present together. The sample is treated with bromine dissolved in ethanol, and filtered. Iron in the filtrate is titrated iodometrically, and corresponds to the metallic iron present in the mixture. The oxide residue is dissolved in hydrochloric acid under a carbon dioxide atmosphere. The iron(II) formed, equivalent to FeO present, is titrated with a standard vanadate solution, and the total iron(III) (FeO + Fe₂O₃) in the titrated solution is then estimated iodometrically.     

Liquid Membrane Transport of Heavier Rare Earth Metal Ions Based on CPC Results with Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphoric Acid

Abstract

The behaviors of heavier rare earth metal ions in bulk liquid membrane transport systems were examined for Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³, Yb³⁺ and Lu³⁺ ions. The liquid membrane transport system was constructed by aq. HCl/CHCl₃ containing Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/aq. HCl. The optimum concentration of HCl in the aqueous phase with respect to the rate of transport for these ions increased with the atomic number of the rare earth elements. This trend of transport behaviors was on the same line observed for lighter rare earth ions in the preceding work. Difference in the rate of transport can be used for selective liquid membrane transport of several sets of combination with these ions.     

Symmetrical dialkylsulphoxides in ionic liquid as extractants for uranyl ion: extraction efficacy and aggregation behavior

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The behavior of three symmetrical sulphoxides, R2SO, where R?=?Di-(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHSO), R?=?dihexyl (DHSO) or...     

Solvent extraction of Er(III) and Lu(III) with 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester in presence of some reagents

The extraction of Er(III) and Lu(III) from thiocyanate media with 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA) and also with mixtures of EHEHPA and thenoltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) or tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or bis 2-ethylhexyl sulfoxide (B2EHSO) in benzene has been studied systematically. Synergistic effects have been observed with mixtures of EHEHPA+HTTA or TOPO. On the other hand, antagonistic effects have been observed with mixtures of EHEHPA+B2EHSO. These extraction data have been analyzed theoretically with the aid of a computer by taking into account complexation of the metal in the aqueous phase by SCN^– and plausible complexation in the organic phase. The extraction constants of the various product species have been deduced by non-linear regression analysis. The stability constants for the thiocyanate complexes of the metal ions have also been determined.     

二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸/正辛醇反胶束萃取L-辛弗林

利用二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(P204)/正辛醇反胶束从枳实粗提物中萃取L-辛弗林。 研究了萃取机理和水相pH值、含水量W0、阳离子浓度、萃取时间以及P204浓度对L-辛弗林萃取率的影响。 通过原子力显微镜观察了P204/正辛醇反胶束;萃取L-辛弗林的最佳条件为：萃取原料液水相pH=6.5,含水量W0=15、P204浓度为0.08 mol/L,在此条件下萃取15 min,对L-辛弗林的单次萃取率为68.0%。 基于萃取率建立的数学模型可反映pH值、P204浓度与萃取率的关系,在一定pH值及P204浓度区间可预测萃取率的变化趋势。