双波荡器自由电子激光理论

给出了双波荡器自由电子激光器的通用理论.在双波荡器自由电子激光器中,引入了一个周期长度非常接近主波荡器中电子束感应加速振荡周期的附加波荡器.推导出了一套自治方程组描述双波荡器中自由电子激光场演变过程,并分别给出了低增益、高增益和饱和三种情况下的解析解.研究表明,适当选择附加波荡器的参数,可以提高自由电子激光器的增益或转换效率     

交叉型波荡器软X射线自由电子激光极化控制的影响因素

 交叉型波荡器是一种实现软X射线自由电子激光极化控制的有效方式。以自放大自发辐射自由光电子激光为例,采用统计的方法系统地分析了交叉型波荡器软X射线自由电子激光极化控制的影响因素。通过对光场相干长度、光脉冲两分量之间相对滑移长度和光场分量平均功率差异等的分析,给出了优化交叉型波荡器极化控制方案遵循的原则,即：辐射场相干时间尽可能长,光场分量相对滑移长度尽可能短,辐射场分量功率差异尽可能小等。该原则为交叉型波荡器软X射线自由电子激光极化控制方案的优化提供了依据。     

波荡器位相误差对自由电子激光

 对波荡器位相误差对自由电子激光小信号增益的影响进行了分析讨论。对低增益情况解析地给出了波荡器位相误差引起的增益降低因子。结果表明：与自发辐射类似增益的降低与位相误差的方差成简单的指数关系，位相误差的线性变化部分引起最大增益的位移，还表明波荡器位相误差存在时Madey定理仍然成立。对高增益情况也给出了波荡器位相误差引起的增益降低因子。     

基于光栅结构的自由电子激光波荡器（特邀）

波荡器是自由电子激光器的关键技术部件,目前常规的波荡器主要由磁体构成,利用磁场实现电子束偏转振荡,将电子束能量耦合至激光场。本文提出一种基于光栅表面电场的电波荡器机制,以发展自由电子激光器的小型化技术。阐述了该波荡器的基本原理及电子束在波荡器中的运动规律,推导了该方案下的自由电子激光波长及增益,对所采用的光栅表面电场进行二维仿真,并对电子束进行了跟踪仿真,计算了能量10 MeV电子束产生的激光增益为0.43,验证了基于光栅结构的微纳波荡器方案的可行性。     

波荡器位相误差对自由电子激光

对波荡器位相误差对自由电子激光小信号增益的影响进行了分析讨论。对低增益情况解析地给出了波荡器位相误差引起的增益降低因子。结果表明:与自发辐射类似增益的降低与位相误差的方差成简单的指数关系，位相误差的线性变化部分引起最大增益的位移，还表明波荡器位相误差存在时Madey定理仍然成立。对高增益情况也给出了波荡器位相误差引起的增益降低因子。     

科苑快讯

 1．北京自由电子激光装置实现饱和振荡中国科学院高能物理研究昕研制的北京自由电子激光装置(BFEL),是国家高科技863强激光领域的重大项目,于1993年5月26日成功地产生了红外激光。在提高电子束在波荡器相互作用区的电荷密度和其它一些性能后,系统的净增益由原来的6%提高到24%,从而于同年12月28日凌晨成功地实现了饱和振荡。     

基于超导直线加速器的XFEL初步方案

基于超导直线加速器的X射线自由电子激光(XFEL)是自由电子激光领域未来发展的一个重要方向。介绍了国际上Euro-XFEL及LCLS-II等超导XFEL装置的设计建造现状。在此基础上提出基于一台7GeV超导直线加速器的超导XFEL初步方案,给出主要设计参数,并讨论实现100~1000GW量级峰值输出功率的技术路线,包括提高峰值流强、采用波荡器磁场渐变技术等。     

小周期波荡器自由电子激光器：数值模拟与实用化设计

采用三维自洽非线性理论计算方法,针对小周期波荡器自由电子激光器进行了数值模拟计算研究.结果表明,在我所现有脉冲线加速器基础上,采用周期为10mm的波荡器,可获得输出功率为20MW,波长为1.7mm的自由电子激光.最后给出实用化总体实验设计方案.     

回声谐波放大型自由电子激光相干涡旋X射线产生方案

外种子型自由电子激光具有全相干、频谱稳定、极高亮度的优点,可以实现在超小空间和超快时间尺度下对物质结构的研究。具有特殊横向相位模式的光特别是具有螺旋相位的带轨道角动量的涡旋光已经在众多科学领域有了应用,基于自由电子激光原理产生的辐射横向模式基本上为简单的高斯模式,为产生具有横向螺旋相位的相干涡旋X射线,对基于回声谐波放大型(EEHG)自由电子激光产生涡旋光方案进行了深入研究,并且根据上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(SXFEL)的参数,进行了相关方案设计和模拟研究。三维模拟结果表明,外种子型EEHG自由电子激光可以产生峰值功率可达到GW量级的相干涡旋软X射线。     

一种用于波荡器磁中心高精度标定的磁靶标

波荡器磁中心轴的标定是保证自由电子激光装置波荡器安装准直精度的重要前提。介绍了一种利用磁靶标实现波荡器磁中心高精度标定的方法。设计制造了由若干块永磁块组合构成的磁靶标,其能产生一正一斜两个高梯度四极场。测出了两四极场垂直分量的零点位置分布并依此给出了磁靶标的具体使用方法。结果表明:标定后的波荡器磁中心在磁靶标坐标系中水平方向测量精度好于±20 μm,垂直方向测量精度好于±2 μm。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.