大鼠端脑中神经递质的荧光衍生化高效液相色谱质谱联用法研究

以1,2-苯并-3,4-二氢咔唑-9-乙基氯甲酸酯(BCEOC)作为柱前荧光衍生试剂,在Hypersil BDS C18(4.6 mm×100 mm,5 μm)反相色谱柱上,荧光检测波长为390 nm(激发波长为333 nm)下,采用梯度洗脱实现了5种神经递质标准品(谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、多巴胺、5-羟色胺、5-羟吲哚乙酸)衍生物的同时分离检测.5种组分的线性范围为24 fmol～200 pmol,线性回归系数均大于0.9997;检出限为4.0～12.6 fmol(S/N=3∶1).在柱后在线质谱电喷雾电离源(ESI Source)正离子模式下实现了各组分的快速质谱鉴定,对其二级质谱裂解碎片峰进行了归属,并以5-羟色胺衍生物为例进行了质谱裂解机理解析.对A、B两组(A:安静对照组,B:运动训练组)4种取样状态(安静、运动1 h、力竭即刻、力竭后恢复12 h)下的64只大鼠端脑组织中5种神经递质的定量测定结果表明,长期中等强度的运动训练能够有效提高大鼠的运动能力及耐力运动后疲劳恢复能力.方法的灵敏度高、重现性好,为大鼠端脑中氨基酸类和单胺类神经递质的同时测定建立了一种新方法.     

2-(11H-苯[a]咔唑)乙基氯甲酸酯柱前衍生化用于氨基酸的高效液相色谱分析

利用新型荧光试剂2-(11H-苯[a]咔唑)乙基氯甲酸酯(BCEC-Cl)作为柱前衍生化试剂,在HypersilBDS C18(200mm×4.6mm,5μm)反相色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱对20种氨基酸衍生物进行了分离检测。在乙腈与Na2B4O7缓冲液中,室温下BCEC-Cl与氨基酸反应5min可实现完全衍生。检测的激发和发射波长分别为λex=279nm,λem=380nm。采用柱后质谱电喷雾离子源(ESI source)正离子模式,实现了水解牛血清白蛋白中氨基酸和油菜蜂花粉中氨基酸的定性定量检测。荧光定性检测的线性回归系数均大于0.9990,检出限为1.49~19.74fmol(S/N=3)。     

牛血清白蛋白中氨基酸的高效液相色谱荧光测定及质谱鉴定

利用新型荧光试剂1,2苯-并-3,4二-氢咔唑-9乙-基氯甲酸酯(BCEOC)作为柱前衍生化试剂,在Hypersil BDS C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)反相色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱对氨基酸衍生物进行了分离检测。检测的激发和发射波长分别为λex=333 nm,λem=390 nm。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI Source),实现了牛血清白蛋白中氨基酸的定性测定。荧光定量检测的线性回归系数均大于0.999;检出限为6.3~117.6 fmo。l     

2-(11H-苯[a]咔唑)-乙酸在脂肪胺的高效液相色谱分离及质谱鉴定中的应用

采用新型荧光衍生试剂2-(11H-苯[a]咔唑)-乙酸(BCA)进行柱前衍生并经荧光检测对脂肪胺进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离和质谱定性.衍生物荧光激发和发射波长为λex=285 nm,λem=384 nm.60 ℃下在乙腈溶剂中用N-乙基-N′-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)作催化剂, 衍生反应15 min后获得稳定的荧光产物.在Hypersil BDS C18 (4.0 mm×200 mm, 10 μm) 色谱柱上, 采用梯度洗脱对12种脂肪胺衍生物进行了优化分离.采用大气压化学电离源(APCI Source)正离子模式进行质谱定性, 实现了各种脂肪胺衍生物的快速、准确测定.脂肪胺的线性回归系数不小于0.999 8 , 检出限(S/N=3)为5.73 ～31.3 fmol.     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱分离测定及质谱鉴定脂肪胺

采用新型荧光衍生试剂2-(2-苯基-1-氢-菲[9,10-d]咪唑)-乙酸(PPIA)进行柱前衍生,经荧光检测实现了脂肪胺的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离测定及柱后质谱鉴定。60℃下在乙腈溶剂中用N-乙基-N′-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)做缩合剂,衍生反应15min可获得稳定的荧光产物。脂肪胺衍生物荧光检测波长为380nm(激发波长为260nm)。在EclipseXDB-C8色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱对12种脂肪胺衍生物进行了优化分离,测定了造纸厂废水、大鼠端脑和酸奶中脂肪胺的含量。经柱后在线质谱大气压化学电离源(APCISource)正离子模式实现了各种脂肪胺衍生物的质谱鉴定,借助对活性中间体的质谱解析确定了衍生反应的反应机理。该方法具有良好的重现性和回收率,多数脂肪胺的线性回归系数大于0.9996;检出限为3.1~18fmol(S/N=3∶1)。     

荧光衍生试剂1-［2-(对甲苯磺酸酯)乙基］-2-苯基咪唑［4,5-f］9,10-菲的合成及其在长链脂肪酸分析中的应用

合成了新的荧光衍生试剂1-［2-(对甲苯磺酸酯)乙基］-2-苯基咪唑［4,5-f］9,10-菲(TSEPIP),并将其作为柱前衍生化试剂,在Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱上采用梯度洗脱实现了11种长链(C20~C30)游离脂肪酸(FFA)衍生物的基线分离。利用柱后在线的串联质谱并以大气压化学电离源（APCI）的正离子模式实现了各组分的质谱定性。对土壤及3种苔藓(东亚毛灰藓、锦丝藓、羽平藓)中FFA组分的定量结果表明,苔藓植物从土壤中富集了大量的长链游离脂肪酸。荧光检测的激发波长和发射波长分别为260 nm和380 nm。线性回归系数大于0.9996,检测限为26.19~76.67 fmol。所建立的方法具有良好的重现性,对实际样品的测定结果令人满意。     

脂肪胺荧光衍生物的高效液相色谱分离及质谱鉴定

采用新型荧光衍生试剂2-(9-吖啶酮)-乙酸(AAA)进行柱前衍生并经荧光检测对脂肪胺进行了高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离和在线质谱定性.衍生物荧光激发和发射波长为λex=404nm,λem=440nm.30℃下在乙腈溶剂中用N-乙基-N′-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)做催化剂,衍生反应20min后获得稳定的荧光产物.在HypersilBDSC18(4.6mm×100mm,5μm)色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱对12种脂肪胺衍生物进行了优化分离.采用大气压化学电离源(APCISource)正离子模式进行在线柱后质谱定性,实现了各种脂肪胺衍生物的快速、准确测定.该方法具有良好的重现性,多数脂肪胺的线性回归系数大于0.9996,检测限为12.09~25.52fmol.     

黄金蝉若虫体蛋白水解液的荧光标记及电喷雾质谱鉴定

采用2-[2-(7H-二苯并[a,g]咔唑-乙氧基)-乙基]氯甲酸酯(DBCEC-Cl)作为柱前衍生试剂, 于室温下,在硼酸钠缓冲液(pH 9.0)中,金蝉若虫体蛋白水解液中氨基酸的完全衍生化在5 min即可完成.在Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱 (200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) 上, 采用梯度洗脱实现了各衍生物的完全基线分离.最佳荧光检测为λex/λem=300/395 nm.在线串联的ESI/MS正离子质谱数据显示:所有衍生物均给出m/z 338 5,294.5的特征碎片离子峰.荧光条件下的线性回归系数大于0.9992; 检出限为2.6～24 fmol.本方法灵敏、可靠、重现性好.对实际黄金蝉若虫体蛋白水解液中氨基酸的测定,结果满意.     

EASC荧光标记和LC-APCI-MS检测环境水样中游离脂肪胺

采用新型荧光标记试剂10-乙基吖啶酮-2-磺酰氯(EASC)作为柱前衍生试剂, 在Hypersil BDS C18反相色谱柱上(4.6 mm×200 mm, 10 μm i.d.), 采用梯度洗脱在20 min内实现了12种EASC-脂肪胺衍生物的快速基线分离. 最佳检测波长为λex/λem=270 nm/430 nm. EASC与常用的Dansyl-Cl相比具有更强的光致发光特性(紫外和荧光): 紫外吸收强度之比为3.2∶1, 相对荧光强度之比为30.0∶1~105.4∶1, 荧光量子效率之比为43.0∶1. 通过荧光检测及离子阱大气压化学电离源的正离子模式获得了胺类组分的准确定量和相应的柱后质谱鉴定. 质谱灵敏度之比为1.6∶1~6.2∶1. 建立的方法对环境水样中脂肪胺类化合物的测定具有快速、准确和重现性良好等优点, 回归系数大于0.9995, 检出限为4.0~12.7 fmol.     

HPLC-APCI-MS法分析测定白刺籽油中游离脂肪酸

利用荧光衍生试剂1,2-苯并-3,4-二氢咔唑-9-乙基对甲苯磺酸酯(BDETS)作为脂肪酸柱前衍生化试剂,采用梯度洗脱在Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱上对游离脂肪酸(FFA)(油酸、亚油酸、软脂酸和硬脂酸)衍生物进行分离.利用柱后在线的串联质谱以大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式实现了各组分的质谱定性.荧光检测的激发和发射波长分别为λex=333 nm,λem=390 nm.脂肪酸的线性回归系数大于0.9990,检出限为3.38～6.59 nmol/L.建立的方法具有良好的重现性.利用此方法对超临界CO2提取的唐古特白刺籽油中几种游离脂肪酸进行了分析.结果表明白刺籽油中含有大量的游离不饱和脂肪酸.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。