非经典稠合噻吩: 噻吩并[3,4-c]噻吩研究进展

具有10π-电子的噻吩并[3,4-c]噻吩体系, 由于其非经典的电子结构, 引起了很大的兴趣. 本工作综述了噻吩并[3,4-c]噻吩的合成和化学性质研究进展.     

Aldisin及其衍生物的合成和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

以三氯氧磷为环化试剂, 回流状态下, N-(2-吡咯甲酰基)-β-丙氨酸经分子内酰化环化反应, 合成了吡咯[2,3-c]氮杂二酮稠环化合物Aldisin及其衍生物1-Methylaldisin和3-Bromoaldisin, 通过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, FABMS和元素分析对其结构进行了表征. 以X射线衍射法研究了3-Methylaldisin的晶体结构. 测定了三个化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用.     

苯并吡喃[3,4-c]吡啶-5-酮类化合物的合成

以4-酮-3-甲酸甲酯哌啶盐酸盐为原料, 通过分子间环加成和N-烷基化反应, 合成了一系列潜在的多巴胺D₄受体配基苯并吡喃[3,4-c]吡啶-5-酮类化合物, 并用¹H NMR, IR, ESI-MS, 元素分析对其进行了表征.     

3-芳基-6-对甲苯甲酰氨基均三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成及生物活性

利用3-芳基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-均三唑和对甲苯甲酰异硫氰酸酯在乙腈中反应, 得到一系列3-芳基-6-对甲苯甲酰氨基均三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑, 用¹H NMR, IR, MS和元素分析确定了其结构, 并对其进行了抗菌活性测试.     

微波促进下3-(2-苯并呋喃基)-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑

微波辐射条件下, 首先由2-苯并呋喃甲酰肼依次与二硫化碳和水合肼反应合成3-(2-苯并呋喃基)-4-氨基-5-巯基- 1,2,4-三唑, 进一步在微波辐射条件下由4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑分别与芳甲酸/芳氧基乙酸、α-溴代苯乙酮及芳醛反应以较高产率制得了相应的1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑、1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二嗪及4-芳亚甲基亚胺基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑. 产物结构经IR, ¹H NMR, MS及元素分析进行了表征.     

两个基于二噻吩乙烯结构单元双核钌乙烯配合物的合成, 表征和性质

合成了2个含二噻吩乙烯结构单元双核钌乙烯配合物[RuCl（CO）（PMe₃）₃]₂（μ-2,2’-（CH=CH）^2-DTE）（1a）和[RuCl（CO）（PMe₃）₃]₂（μ-2,5-（CH=CH）₂-DTE）（1b）,利用元素分析、红外、核磁共振谱和电化学对它们的结构进行了表征,X-射线单晶衍射分析表明,配合物1a晶体属单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,晶胞参数为：a=3.44575（6）nm,b=1.45945（2）nm,c=2.32191（5）nm,β=110.9770（10）°,V=10.9028（3）nm³,Z=8,D_c=1.467g·cm^-3,λ=0.071073nm,μ（MoKα）=0.956mm^-1,F（000）=4912。测定了它们光照前后的紫外-可见吸收光谱变化图,并对其光致变色性质进行了讨论。     

四氢苯并[4',5']噻吩并[3',2':5,6]吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮的合成、晶体结构及杀菌活性

通过氮杂Wittig反应合成了一系列结构新颖的未见文献报道的取代四氢苯并[4',5']噻吩并[3',2':5,6]吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮化合物6, 产物的结构通过核磁共振氢谱、质谱、红外光谱、元素分析的确证. 为进一步了解此类化合物的结构, 对化合物6c进行了X射线单晶衍射. 初步杀菌活性测定结果表明, 该类化合物具有较好的杀菌活性和选择性. 如6f在50 mg/L浓度时, 对黄瓜灰霉菌的抑制率为98%.     

KF-Al2O3催化下吡喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物的一步合成

以芳醛、丙二腈和4,6-二羟基嘧啶为原料, 以乙醇为溶剂, 在80 ℃以KF/Al₂O₃为催化剂合成了一系列的吡喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物, 产物的结构通过IR, ¹H NMR和元素分析表征, 并进一步通过X射线衍射分析确证.     

3-(4-氯苯基)-6-取代苯氧乙酰氨基均三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物的合成

将取代苯氧乙酰氨基引入到3,6-二取代均三唑并噻二唑的分子骨架中, 设计合成了8个未见文献报道的3-(4-氯苯基)-6-取代苯氧乙酰氨基均三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物5a～5h, 结构经元素分析、IR和¹H NMR等测试得到确证.     

新型1,2,4-三唑[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二嗪的合成及表征

以3-(2-苯基-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑(1)为原料分别与ω-溴代芳基乙酮、ω-溴代-ω-(1H-1,2,4-三 唑-1-基)芳基乙酮反应, 合成了一系列新的1,2,4-三唑[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二嗪类化合物2a～2e和3a～3e. 其结构经IR, ¹H NMR和MS及元素分析确证.     

Synthesis and Study of the Anodic Behavior of 1,3,4,6-Tetraaryl-2λ 4 δ 2 -thieno[3,4-c]thiophenes

Two heterocyclic compounds based on the thieno[3,4-c]thiophene structure with four aryl substituents were prepared and their behavior in electrooxidation studied. These tetraarylthieno[3,4-c]thiophenes were synthesized in three steps starting from 1,3-dibenzoylmethane in the case of 1,3,4,6-tetraphenyl-2 u 4 i 2 -thieno[3,4-c]thiophene 1a and from 1,3-bis(4'-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione in the case of 1,3,4,6-tetrakis(4'-methoxyphenyl)-2 u 4 i 2 -thieno[3,4-c]thiophene 1b , a new compound. Both cyclic and hydrodynamic voltamperometric analyses indicate two reversible one-electron oxidation stages for compound 1b , while for compound 1a only the first stage is reversible. The preparative electrooxidation of the two compounds results in the opening of one thiophene ring giving rise to n -keto-thioketones.     

Synthesis of thieno [3,4-c ]- and selenopheno[3,4-c] pyrylium salts

Acylation of 3-acetonyl- and 3-phenacyl-2,5-dimethylthiophenes with aliphatic acid anhydrides in the presence of perchloric acid gives thieno[3,4-c]pyrylium perchlorates. Reaction of the latter with ammonia gives the corresponding thieno[3,4-c]pyridines or diketones of the thiophene series. Selenopheno[3,4-c]pyrylium salts could not be isolated in the acylation of 3-acetonyl- and 3-phenacyl-2,5-dimethylselenophenes.     

1,2,4-Triazole derivative containing thiophen ring: Comparison of theoretical IR and NMR data with experimental

The molecular structure of 1,2,4-triazole containing thiophene derivative which called as ethyl-2-(4-amino-5-oxo-3-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl) acetate (I) was optimized using DFT/B3LYP method with 6–311++G(d,p) basis set and the structural parameters of the compound were obtained. Thus, the molecular structure was compared with that identified by X-ray analysis. IR and NMR parameters were calculated by DFT/B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) method. Theoretical vibrational frequencies and NMR chemical shift values were obtained. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map was calculated. The structural and spectral data obtained from the theoretical study strongly confirm the experimental data. The compatibility of the structural parameters reveal that the choice of the method and the basis function is appropriate.     

Benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-b]thiophene

Tye synthesis of thieno[3,2-c]cinnoline is described; vapour phase thermolysis of this compound gives benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-b]thiophene.     

Molecular designing and DFT investigation of novel alternating donor–acceptor dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-based systems: from monomer to polymer

The structures and properties of dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (DBT) based alternating donor–acceptor conjugated oligomers, in which thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP), thieno[3,4-b]thiadiazole (TD), and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TTP) as acceptors, and their periodic polymers were investigated by the density function theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The bond length, electron density at bond critical points (BCPs) and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) are analyzed and correlated with the conductive properties. NICS shows that the conjugation degree is increased with main chain extension. Research results show the conductive ability of compounds with 1:2 D–A ratio is better than that with 1:1 D–A ratio. The reorganization energies and energy bands also are considered. The results suggest that (BTDDBT) _n and (BTPDDBT) _n have small reorganization energy (0.163 and 0.152 eV, respectively) and quite low energy gap (0.73 and 0.56 eV, respectively), which indicate that they may be potential organic conductive materials.     

Crystalline conjugated polymer containing fused 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[2,3-b]thiophene and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione units for bulk heterojunction solar cells

A new conjugated polymer, PDTTTPD, comprising 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione units, exhibits high crystallinity and excellent thermal stability. A device incorporating PDTTTPD and [6,6]-phenyl-C(71)-butyric acid methyl ester (1:1, w/w) exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 5.1%.     

3-苯基-6-芳基-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑的电子结构和光谱性质的含时密度泛函理论研究

对3-苯基-6-芳基-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑(PATT)用量子化学密度泛函方法(DFT)在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上进行了几何构型的全优化, 探讨了分子电荷转移、前线轨道能量和电子光谱等性质的变化规律, 在此基础上采用含时密度泛函方法(TDDFT)计算了分子激发态的电子跃迁能. 将其与实验所得激发态的电子跃迁能结果相比, 理论计算最大相对偏差为0.071, 最小相对偏差为0.041.     

并三噻吩及其三种衍生物电子光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法优化得到了并三噻吩(DTT)及其三种衍生物苯基并三噻吩(PDTT)、萘基并三噻吩(TDTT)和噻吩基并三噻吩(NDTT)基态(S0)的稳定几何构型,并通过频率分析加以验证.在TD-B3LYP/cc-pVTZ水平下,计算了它们的电子吸收光谱,计算值与实验值符合得很好.计算结果表明:它们的吸收波长顺序为λNDTTλTDTTλPDTTλDTT.采用TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法,优化得到了TDTT和NDTT第一激发态(S1)的几何结构,并在TD-B3LYP/cc-pVTZ水平下计算了它们的发射光谱.     

CF3 rotation in 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthrene. X-ray diffraction and ab initio electronic structure calculations

The molecular and crystal structure of 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthrene has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure of the isolated molecule has been calculated using electronic structure methods at the HF/3-21G, HF/6-31G, MP2/6-31G and B3LYP/6-31G levels. The potential energy surfaces for the rotation of the CF3 group in both the isolated molecule and cluster models for the crystal were computed using electronic structure methods. The barrier height for CF3 rotation in the isolated molecule was calculated to be 0.40 kcal mol(-1) at B3LYP/6-311+G//B3LYP/6-311+G. The B3LYP/6-31G calculated CF3 rotational barrier in a 13-molecule cluster based on the X-ray data was found to be 2.6 kcal mol(-1). The latter is in excellent agreement with experimental results from the NMR relaxation experiments reported in the companion paper (Beckmann, P. A.; Rosenberg, J.; Nordstrom, K.; Mallory, C. W.; Mallory, F. B. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 3947). The computational results on the models for the solid state suggest that the intermolecular interaction between nearest neighbor pairs of CF3 groups in the crystal accounts for roughly 75% of the barrier to rotation in the solid state. This pair is found to undergo cooperative reorientation. We attribute the CF3 reorientational disorder in the crystal as observed by X-ray diffraction to the presence of a pair of minima on the potential energy surface and the effects of librational motion.